Dramas staged between 1660 and 1700 are called ‘Restoration Dramas’. The dramatic literature of the period was dominated by comedies called ‘Comedy of manners’. Actually ‘Restoration Comedy’ is used as a synonym for “Comedy of Manners”. The plot of the comedy, often concerned with scandal, was traditionally less important than its witty dialogues.
The comedy of manners was first developed in the new comedy of the Ancient Greek Playwright Menander. His style, elaborate plots, and stock characters were imitated by the Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, whose comedies were widely known and copied during the Renaissance. The best-known comedies of manners, however, may well be those of the French playwright Moliere.
Oscar Wilde and William Congreve are the most celebrated authors of ‘Comedy of Manners’.
This is a presentation on the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. In it is the characters and themes of this particular novel, along with two trailers that make a student think about adaptations.
This is one of my presentations on Jane Eyre to help English literature students and it's 48 slides long which provides information throughout the novel. Moreover, please checkout my other presentations to on Macbeth and soon on An Inspector Calls, thank you. ~ Suzan G
References: https://www.bbc.com/education/topics/zqcxp39
(Info is from Bitesize, I don't own it)
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
Dramas staged between 1660 and 1700 are called ‘Restoration Dramas’. The dramatic literature of the period was dominated by comedies called ‘Comedy of manners’. Actually ‘Restoration Comedy’ is used as a synonym for “Comedy of Manners”. The plot of the comedy, often concerned with scandal, was traditionally less important than its witty dialogues.
The comedy of manners was first developed in the new comedy of the Ancient Greek Playwright Menander. His style, elaborate plots, and stock characters were imitated by the Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, whose comedies were widely known and copied during the Renaissance. The best-known comedies of manners, however, may well be those of the French playwright Moliere.
Oscar Wilde and William Congreve are the most celebrated authors of ‘Comedy of Manners’.
This is a presentation on the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. In it is the characters and themes of this particular novel, along with two trailers that make a student think about adaptations.
This is one of my presentations on Jane Eyre to help English literature students and it's 48 slides long which provides information throughout the novel. Moreover, please checkout my other presentations to on Macbeth and soon on An Inspector Calls, thank you. ~ Suzan G
References: https://www.bbc.com/education/topics/zqcxp39
(Info is from Bitesize, I don't own it)
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
Study and revision resource compiled and prepared by Nishat
Important themes and questions to ponder over. If you would like to add up and share your views feel free to do so. Constructive feedback is welcome.
You can check more slides on nishiraa_scholastica
Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. He was a Victorian Realist and gained fame as the author of such novels as Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895).
Charlotte Brontë was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become classics of English literature. She published her works under the pen name Currer Bell.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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2. Introduction
Jane Eyre is a
novel by English
author Charlotte
Bronte. It was
published
in London,
England, in
1847 with the
title Jane Eyre. An
Autobiography und
er the pen name
"Currer Bell”
3. INTRODUCTION
Its a story about a female orphan’s life, focusing on the emotions
and experiences that accompany growth to adulthood. The novel
also contains a strong sense of morality at its core.
o Its often considered ahead of its time due to its portrayal of the
development of a passionate young woman, desiring a full life, while
also being highly moral.
o Jane is a poor and plain woman without captivating charm developing
into a compassionate and confident woman.
o Although Jane suffers much, she is never portrayed as a DAMSEL IN
DISTRESS who needs rescuing. For this reason, it is sometimes regarded
as an important early feminist novel.
4. SETTING
The setting of the story is
carefully divide into five distinct
locales:
Her early childhood is spent in
Gateshead hall, the home of the Reeds;
Lowood where she comes under the
influence of Mr. Brocklehurst, Miss
Temple, and Helen Burns;
At Thornfield manor, as Adele’s
governess & where she falls in love with
Rochester.
Moor house, the home of her cousins,
the Rivers family;
In the conclusion of the book she
and Rochester are united at his
crumbling hunting-lodge, Ferndean
Manor.
5. CHARACTERS
Jane Eyre: The protagonist of the novel and the title character. Orphaned as a
baby, she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood and becomes
governess at Thornfield Hall
Mr. Reed: Jane's maternal uncle, who adopts Jane & makes his wife promise to
care for Jane.
Mrs. Sarah Reed: Jane's aunt by marriage, who adopts Jane but abuses and
neglects her
John Reed: Jane's cousin, who bullies Jane constantly, sometimes in his
mother's presence
Eliza Reed: Jane's cousin.
Georgiana Reed: Jane's cousin. Though spiteful and insolent, she is also
beautiful and indulged. She also becomes a friend of Jane's towards the end of
the novel
Bessie Lee: The plain-spoken nursemaid at Gateshead. She sometimes treats
Jane kindly, telling her stories and singing her songs.
6. Mr. Lloyd: A compassionate apothecary who recommends that Jane be sent to
school.
Mr. Brocklehurst: The clergyman headmaster and treasurer of Lowood
School, whose maltreatment of the students is eventually exposed
Miss Maria Temple: The kind superintendent of Lowood School, who treats
Jane and Helen (and others) with respect and compassion. She helps clear Jane
of Mr. Brocklehurst's false accusation of deceit..
Helen Burns: A fellow-student and best friend of Jane's at Lowood School. She
dies of consumption in Jane's arms.
Edward Fairfax Rochester: The master of Thornfield Manor. He is tricked
into making an unfortunate first marriage before he meets Jane, with whom he
falls madly in love.
Bertha Antoinette Mason: The violently insane first wife of Edward
Rochester.
Adele Varens: An excitable French child to whom Jane is governess at
Thornfield. She is Mr. Rochester's ward and possibly his daughter.
Mrs. Alice Fairfax: An elderly widow and housekeeper of Thornfield Manor.
She treats Jane kindly and respectfully, but disapproves of her engagement to
Mr. Rochester.
Grace Poole: Bertha Mason's keeper. Jane is told that it is Grace Poole who
causes the mysterious things to happen at Thornfield Hall.
7. St. John Eyre Rivers: A clergyman who befriends Jane and turns out to be
her cousin. He is Jane Eyre's cousin on her father's side. By nature he is very
reserved and single-minded.
Diana and Mary Rivers: St. John's sisters and (as it turns out) Jane's
cousins. They are governesses like her.
Rosamond Oliver: A beautiful, wealthy, young woman who patronizes
the village school where Jane teaches, and who is attracted to the Rev. St.
John.
John Eyre: Jane's paternal uncle, who leaves her his vast fortune of 20,000
pounds. He never appears as a character.
Blanche Ingram: A socialite whom Mr. Rochester appears to court in
order to make Jane jealous. She is described as having great beauty, but
displays callous behavior and avaricious intent.
Richard Mason: An Englishman from the West Indies, whose sister is Mr.
Rochester's first wife. He is spineless and is disliked by Mr. Rochester.
8. ORPHANS in the Victorian era
The “abandoned child” was society’s scapegoat- a person without a
past, without connections, without status.
Orphans were also often treated with disdain and distrust, due to their
reputation as “criminally prone” individuals.
The upper and middle classes often had a somewhat romantic
perception of them, due to their prevalence in Victorian literature.
Novels like Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights made heroines/heroes out
of orphans.
Children who were adopted by their own social class were usually
treated fairly and equally but if they were adopted by a family whose
status was above and beyond their original class, they were frequently
mistreated and neglected.
9. Orphanages and schools for orphans
Many philanthropists donated money to these “schools” for the express
purpose of boarding and educating orphans.
Their education was rarely as good as those whose families paid for it.
Most of these programs were designed specifically to train children to a
lower-middle class occupation, such as becoming a governess.
Food, education, and lodging were provided until the orphan turned 17;
then they were expected to begin working
Many were underfunded, crowded, and unsanitary. Disease spread
rapidly in such close quarters, and poor nutrition and excess
punishment didn’t help matters much.
10. Class divisions in the Victorian society
Working class - men and women who performed
physical labor, paid daily or weekly wages
Middle class - men performed mental or "clean" work,
paid monthly or annually.( doctors, bankers etc)
Upper class - did not work, income came from
inherited land and investments
11. “Women” in the Victorian society
Two hundred years ago, the barriers of the Victorian
class system rigidly defined the role of a woman.
Divided into distinct classes, Nobility and Gentry,
Middle Class, Working Class, these women each had
their own specific standards and roles. They were
expected to adhere to these standards alone.
12. Women of the upper class
They inherited their land, titles, and
wealth. It might seem as if women of this
class did very little but their work was very
important as they were expected to manage
the home and the household.
Social parties and balls were held often &
dancing was a favorite pastime among most
upper-class women and men. An evening
party often would end with a few sets
among the four or five couples present.
Unmarried women spent a great deal of
time with other unmarried women
Like: Blanche and Mary Ingram
13. Woman of the middle class
Women of the middle class depended on marrying
into the upper classes, to gain social prestige & worldly
goods.
The roles of middle class women varied from family to
family; some might have a place in the family shop,
while others might live very much as a genteel woman,
with little work and much leisure.
A many of these women became governesses, relaying
their own high-class tutoring to upper class children.
i.e. Jane Eyre, Diana & Mary Rivers.
14. Women in the lower class
This included the desperately
poor, typically single women of
the Victorian era
working class men in the
factories and other places offering
jobs of taxing physical labor.
Another popular employment for
working class women was
domestic service.
i.e. Bessie, Leah, Mary
15. Role of governesses in the Victorian era
A governess was in an awkward position in
the Victorian household, neither quite a servant nor a member
of the family.
Being a governess was one of the few legitimate ways an
unmarried middle class woman could support herself in that
society.
Her position was often depicted as one to be pitied, and the
only likely way out of it was to marry.
Once her charges grew up, she had to seek a new position, or,
exceptionally, might be retained by the grown-up daughter as a
paid companion.
This position was a deplorable one, as the governess was found a
worthy scapegoat in the eyes of everyone, from the master and
mistress to the house-maid .
16. Job of a governess:
The ideal governess had a good temper and good manners and was very
well-educated and accomplished. She had a broad range of skills and
knowledge, and had to teach
‘the three Rs’,
French and Italian,
teach arithmetic, science and geography,
instruct young ladies in drawing and needlework.
at least two musical instruments (preferably the pianoforte and harp),
the rudimentary dance-steps
She taught essential etiquette,
Gave religious and moral instruction
Under her tutelage, her female charges became accomplished ladies,
while their brothers were prepared for the best preparatory schools in
the country.
18. Christianity in the era
On Sunday’s the family would get up, wash and dress to go to the
church.
For many families the church was a source of entertainment and
friends.
Festivals like Easter, Christmas and harvest marked the year.
Christian beliefs inspired many to help others and to work to improve
our society.
Church schools brought education for all; people like William
Barnardo and George Müller cared for orphans. William Booth helped
the homeless, poor and unemployed.
Christian politicians like Shaftesbury and Gladstone cared deeply
about social justice and tried to change what they could.
19. Christian missionaries took great risks to help people
in other countries, building hospitals, schools and
orphanages as well as churches.
The Christian faith was the reason for much of what
happened in Victorian Britain
The main belief of the christians is the “Holy Trinity”;
which means the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.
They follow the teachings of Jesus (Hazrat Esa)
20. Christian festivals
Church year
Lent and Holy week
Mothering Sunday
Good Friday
Easter
Pentecost
Harvest
All Saints’ Day