The document outlines the use of passive voice across various tenses (present, past, future) and includes examples of sentences converted from active to passive. It also discusses modal verbs, causative structures, and impersonal constructions used to express general opinions or reports. Furthermore, it contains exercises for practicing the conversion of sentences into passive voice and using causative structures.

1. PASSIVE VOICE

3. ●PRESENT SIMPLE
●I make a cake.
● A cake is made.
●PAST SIMPLE
●I made a cake.
●A cake was made.

4. ●PRESENT CONTINUOUS
●I'm making a cake.
● A cake is being made.
●PAST CONTINUOUS
●I was making a cake.
●A cake was being made.

5. ●PRESENT PERFECT
●I've made a cake. A cake has been made.
●PAST PERFECT
●I had made a cake. A cake had been made.
●FUTURE SIMPLE
●I'll make a cake. A cake will be made.
●BE GOING TO
●I'm going to make a cake. A cake is going to be

6. MODAL VERBS
●I must clean the house.
●- The house MUST BE CLEANED.
●I should have done the dishes.
●- The dishes SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE.

7. ●If the verb is followed by a preposition or
particle, we don't omit it in the passive sentence
●- They closed the cinema down.
●- The cinema was closed down.

8. LET
●They didn't let me go out.
●- I wasn't allowed to go out.
●

9. NEED DOING= NEED TO BE
DONE
●- The house needs painting.
●(The house needs to be painted)

10. ●When there are two objects, it's more
common for the indirect object to become
the subject of the passive sentence
●- I gave my mother flowers.
●- My mother was given flowers.

11. Exercise 1- Change into Passive Voice
●1. Many people begin new projects in January
●2. You must wash that shirt for tonight’s party.
●3. Mum is going to prepare the food.
●4. They make shoes in that factory.
●5. We will examine you again.
●6. Nobody can beat Tiger Woods at golf.
●7. They also speak German at EU meetings.
●8. We must look into the question.

12. ●9. Someone was reading the newspaper to him every day.
●10. The Chinese discovered acupuncture thousands of years
ago.
●11. Has he given you back the book yet?
●12. The police locked up the criminals.
●13. They must have left the keys behind.
●14. The robbers are making up the story.

13. 15. One of the cleaners has found my purse.
16. The robber hit him on the head with a hammer.
17. The government has built a new road in this area.
18. Who discovered America?
19. Where did you leave my keys?
20. Have you found my keys?

14. THE CAUSATIVE HAVE / GET STH
DONE
●When we don't do sth ourselves, but arrange for
someone else to do it for us
●- We had the windows cleaned.
● (We arranged for someone to clean the
windows)

15. Exercise 2 -
1. The mechanic changed the oil in my car.
2. The hairdresser cut my hair in a completely different
style.
3. A decorator has repainted our house.
4. A friend of mine, who's an electrician, is going to repair
my DVD player next week.
5. My jacket is being cleaned at a cleaner's.
6. The town hall has just been rebuilt for the council.

16. IMPERSONAL STRUCTURES
●With verbs such as believe, claim, expect,
know, report, say,think, understand, etc. to
report an event or to talk about an opinion held
by some/all people , in general...
●IT + PASSIVE + THAT CLAUSE
●SUBJECT + PASSIVE + TO-INFINITIVE

17. ●People say that he's the richest
man in the world.
●IT + PASSIVE + THAT CLAUSE
●- It is said that he is the richest man in the world.
●SUBJECT + PASSIVE + TO-INFINITIVE
●- He is said to be the richest man in the world.

18. ●People say that he'll hand over
his business to his son.
●IT + PASSIVE + THAT CLAUSE
●It is said that he will hand over his business ..
●SUBJECT + PASSIVE + TO-INFINITIVE
●- He is said to hand over his business to his
son.

19. ●It is reported that he's buying a
private island.
●- He is reported to be buying a private island.
●It is believed that he (has) invested money in
property.
●- He is believed to have invested money in
property.

20. They believe he has been (was) having an affair.
- He is believed to have been having an affair.

21. Exercise 2
1. They say that he is an honest, hard-working man.
It is said that...
He is said …...
2. They believe that he knows some very influential
people.
3. People say that the social workers were doing valuable
work.
4. Some people claim that he was a very important
person 20 years ago.
5. People say that ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.
6. People suppose that you knew the truth.

22. ●6. Some people expect that the team will lose the
match.
●7. People think that he's living in South America.
●8. People say that he was driving the car when the
accident happened.
●9. The papers claim that the Queen has died.
●10. They report that three people are inside the
building.

23. Exercise 3
●1. No one has cleaned the windows for weeks.
●2. His company made him redundant a year ago.
●3. The pressures of work were affecting her health.
●4. The fire fighters put out the fire before it did much
damage.
●5. If it hadn't rained so much, we would have finished
the job on time.
●6. I hope they'll choose me for the basketball team.

24. ●7. They are asking me some difficult questions at the
interview.
●8. How much will they pay you?
●9. I think they should have offered Tom the job.
●10. Has anybody shown you what to do?
●11. Who wrote Hamlet?
●12. How many plays did he write?

25. Exercise 4
●1. This coat is dirty. I must …... (it / clean).
●2. If you want to wear earrings, why don't you …
(your ears / pierce)?
●3. We …. (the house / paint) at the moment.
●4. I lost my key. I'll have to ….. (another key /
make).
●5. When was the last time you … (your hair / cut)?
●6. You look different. ….. (you / your hair / cut)?

26. ●7. … (you / a newspaper / deliver) to your
house or do you go to the shop to buy one?
●8. What are those workmen doing in your
garden? - Oh, we ….. (a swimming pool / build).
●9. Can I see the photos you took when you
were on holiday? - I'm afraid I ….. (not / the
film / develop) yet.