The Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Eligible Blood Donors in Keffi, NigeriaConferenceproceedings
8th International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
2-3 April, 2016
Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This study examined the risk of serious infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The study identified 181 RA patients with ILD between 1998-2014. It found that these patients faced a high risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization, with an overall rate of 7.4 infections per 100 person-years. The risk was highest for patients with organizing pneumonia ILD (27.1 per 100 person-years) and lower for nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Use of high-dose prednisone (>10mg per day) was also linked to greater infection risk. Identifying patients at highest risk could help reduce infection-related morbidity.
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) which is most commonly spread through blood-to-blood contact, especially among injection drug users by sharing needles. While many initial HCV infections are asymptomatic, the virus persists in the liver in about 85% of cases and may eventually lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer over decades. There is currently no vaccine for HCV.
Demographics and Point Prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection with HIV in a ...Dr. Nochiketa Mohanty
1) The study analyzed 444 case sheets of HIV patients at an AIDS Healthcare Foundation clinic in Delhi, India to determine prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections.
2) It found prevalences of 2.7% for HBV, 1.8% for HCV, and 0.23% for both co-infections.
3) Most co-infected patients were males between ages 31-40, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with sexual contact and injection drug use as probable transmission routes.
Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) have been shown to be a cost-effective intervention for preventing HIV among injection drug users (IDUs). SEPs are associated with an 80% reduction in HIV incidence among IDUs over the last 20 years. While HIV rates have decreased among most groups, IDUs have seen one of the largest improvements due in large part to SEPs increasing access to sterile syringes. However, SEPs remain controversial in the US despite evidence that they are cost-effective and reduce HIV transmission by providing sterile injection equipment and linking IDUs to healthcare. Further advocacy is needed to restore federal funding for expanding SEPs.
Viral infections have always been of major concern in communities, health care settings and medical fields including radiotherapy and Radiology. Recently corona virus infection has attained global attention in the wake of covid-19 outbreak and consequently highlighted importance of viral prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control and treat viral disease. In view of the recent events, the author reviewed the current and past literature to discuss contagious versus infectious viral transmission, as well as simple and effective ways of preventing the spread of viral diseases in community and health care setting so that this information can be used for preventing viral transmission at all levels. The article is written for a wide variety of audiences i.e. scientific and medical communities policy makers and general public.
Malaria is still considered globally as a leading cause of morbidity with Nigeria carrying the highest burden of 19%. Coinfection of malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) accelerate disease progression of HIV/AIDS subjects. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of malaria among HIV infected subjects attending the antiretroviral therapy Clinic at Federal the Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. After ethical clearance, 200 whole blood specimens were collected from patients who gave informed consent and completed a self-structured questionnaire. The specimens were examined for malarial parasite using rapid kits and microscopy. The overall prevalence of the infection was 78/200 (39.0%). The prevalence was higher in male (44.7%) than female (34.0%) subjects. Those subjects aged < 20 years (54.5), male gender (44.7%), non-formal education holders (61.5%), farmers (62.5%), stream water users (48.1%), those that lives in rural setting (43.6%), those that do not use Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) (39.4%) and swampy environment dwellers (41.7%) were identified predictors for malaria infection in the area. All the predictors studied did not show any statistically significant difference with the infection but some arithmetic difference exists (P > 0.05). The 39.0% prevalence of malaria in HIV infected subjects is a public health concern. Therefore, Public health surveillance and health education among HIV population should be advocated to help eradicate malaria comes 2030. Further study that will characterize the genes of the parasite should be carried out.
The Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Eligible Blood Donors in Keffi, NigeriaConferenceproceedings
8th International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
2-3 April, 2016
Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This study examined the risk of serious infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The study identified 181 RA patients with ILD between 1998-2014. It found that these patients faced a high risk of serious infections requiring hospitalization, with an overall rate of 7.4 infections per 100 person-years. The risk was highest for patients with organizing pneumonia ILD (27.1 per 100 person-years) and lower for nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Use of high-dose prednisone (>10mg per day) was also linked to greater infection risk. Identifying patients at highest risk could help reduce infection-related morbidity.
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) which is most commonly spread through blood-to-blood contact, especially among injection drug users by sharing needles. While many initial HCV infections are asymptomatic, the virus persists in the liver in about 85% of cases and may eventually lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer over decades. There is currently no vaccine for HCV.
Demographics and Point Prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection with HIV in a ...Dr. Nochiketa Mohanty
1) The study analyzed 444 case sheets of HIV patients at an AIDS Healthcare Foundation clinic in Delhi, India to determine prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections.
2) It found prevalences of 2.7% for HBV, 1.8% for HCV, and 0.23% for both co-infections.
3) Most co-infected patients were males between ages 31-40, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with sexual contact and injection drug use as probable transmission routes.
Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) have been shown to be a cost-effective intervention for preventing HIV among injection drug users (IDUs). SEPs are associated with an 80% reduction in HIV incidence among IDUs over the last 20 years. While HIV rates have decreased among most groups, IDUs have seen one of the largest improvements due in large part to SEPs increasing access to sterile syringes. However, SEPs remain controversial in the US despite evidence that they are cost-effective and reduce HIV transmission by providing sterile injection equipment and linking IDUs to healthcare. Further advocacy is needed to restore federal funding for expanding SEPs.
Viral infections have always been of major concern in communities, health care settings and medical fields including radiotherapy and Radiology. Recently corona virus infection has attained global attention in the wake of covid-19 outbreak and consequently highlighted importance of viral prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control and treat viral disease. In view of the recent events, the author reviewed the current and past literature to discuss contagious versus infectious viral transmission, as well as simple and effective ways of preventing the spread of viral diseases in community and health care setting so that this information can be used for preventing viral transmission at all levels. The article is written for a wide variety of audiences i.e. scientific and medical communities policy makers and general public.
Malaria is still considered globally as a leading cause of morbidity with Nigeria carrying the highest burden of 19%. Coinfection of malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) accelerate disease progression of HIV/AIDS subjects. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of malaria among HIV infected subjects attending the antiretroviral therapy Clinic at Federal the Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. After ethical clearance, 200 whole blood specimens were collected from patients who gave informed consent and completed a self-structured questionnaire. The specimens were examined for malarial parasite using rapid kits and microscopy. The overall prevalence of the infection was 78/200 (39.0%). The prevalence was higher in male (44.7%) than female (34.0%) subjects. Those subjects aged < 20 years (54.5), male gender (44.7%), non-formal education holders (61.5%), farmers (62.5%), stream water users (48.1%), those that lives in rural setting (43.6%), those that do not use Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) (39.4%) and swampy environment dwellers (41.7%) were identified predictors for malaria infection in the area. All the predictors studied did not show any statistically significant difference with the infection but some arithmetic difference exists (P > 0.05). The 39.0% prevalence of malaria in HIV infected subjects is a public health concern. Therefore, Public health surveillance and health education among HIV population should be advocated to help eradicate malaria comes 2030. Further study that will characterize the genes of the parasite should be carried out.
This study examines the clinical profiles and visual outcomes of 187 HIV/AIDS patients in relation to their use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It finds that most patients were aged 20-49, from lower socioeconomic classes, and in WHO stage I. The majority (80%) had recently started HAART treatment. The most common HAART regimen contained zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Most patients showed improved CD4 counts in the 0-250 range after starting HAART. Opportunistic infections like tuberculosis were more common in early HAART users and correlated with improved CD4 counts. Cataracts were a major cause of vision loss and correlated with
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that examined the oral microbial pathogens isolated in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Dakar, Senegal. 57 newly diagnosed HIV patients were included in the study. The patients' CD4 counts, viral loads, and oral examinations were analyzed. Common oral lesions found were pseudomembranous candidiasis, xerostomia, and gingivitis. Microbial pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. There was an inverse correlation between CD4 count and viral load. The frequency of oral lesions and microbial isolates increased with higher viral loads. Most patients had CD4 counts below
This study examined the relationship between neighborhood safety during adolescence and risk of sexually transmitted diseases during young adulthood among African Americans. The study found that African American adolescents who reported living in safer neighborhoods were less likely to have multiple sex partners or a chlamydia infection as young adults. Additionally, adolescent delinquency like selling drugs predicted later chlamydia infection. The results suggest public health policies should focus on improving neighborhood safety to help reduce racial disparities in sexually transmitted diseases.
This Cochrane review evaluated the effects of influenza vaccines in healthy adults. The review included 50 studies with over 70,000 participants. Inactivated influenza vaccines were found to reduce symptomatic influenza by 73% when the vaccine strain matched the circulating strain, and by 44% when matching was incomplete or unknown. Common side effects included soreness at the injection site and muscle aches. Rare side effects like Guillain-Barré syndrome and Bell's palsy were associated with vaccination, occurring in 1-10 cases per million vaccinated. The vaccines had little effect on preventing pneumonia or hospitalization.
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Pregnant Women Accessing An...Conferenceproceedings
8th International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
2-3 April, 2016
Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Group A streptococci are the most common cause of strep throat, especially in children ages 5-15. About 15-20% of sore throats are caused by streptococci. Patients with a true streptococcal infection are at risk of developing rheumatic fever or spreading the infection to others. The Jones Criteria provide guidelines for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever based on major and minor symptoms and evidence of a prior streptococcal infection. Echocardiography can help identify carditis that is not clinically apparent, increasing the detection of rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease remain major public health problems in many developing nations.
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
This document summarizes research on the impacts of respiratory epidemics on healthcare workers. Some key points:
- Acute respiratory infections are very common, estimated to account for half of all acute illnesses. Incidence is highest in young children.
- Morbidity from respiratory illnesses justifies 30-50% absenteeism among adult workers and 60-80% school absences in children.
- Attack rates among healthcare workers during epidemics like SARS and influenza have been estimated as high as 60%.
- Nosocomial outbreaks have resulted in significant psychological and economic impacts with increased mortality, especially in intensive care settings.
- Risk factors for infection among healthcare workers include exposure to aerosol-generating procedures,
This document discusses the natural history and progression of chronic hepatitis C. It notes that of 100 people infected with hepatitis C, around 25 will spontaneously clear the virus, 30-40 will remain chronically infected but without progressive liver disease, and 35-45 will develop some level of progressive liver disease. Of those with progressive liver disease, without treatment around 5-10 will develop cirrhosis and 1-3 will develop hepatocellular carcinoma over their lifetime. The document also provides information on the global prevalence of hepatitis C infection and reviews evidence from clinical trials showing that pegylated interferon therapy is more effective than nonpegylated therapy for treating hepatitis C.
Recent developments in cancer and covid 19 part 2tazib rahaman
The document discusses several recent scientific studies:
1) A study of SARS-CoV-2 virus genomes identified close to 200 recurrent genetic mutations, showing how the virus is adapting to human hosts.
2) Research found that having small red blood cells (microcytosis) increases cancer risk, with rates of 6.2% in men and 2.7% in women with microcytosis versus lower rates without.
3) A collaboration mapped lymphatic vessels in mice and humans at the cellular level, findings that may help strengthen immunity against viruses and cancer.
Xem online tại: http://www.thuvienso.vn/tai-lieu/aids-hiv-assignment.102.html
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s. Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is no known cure or vaccine. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.
In the beginning, the U.S. Centres for Disease Control (CDC) did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus. The earliest known positive identification of the HIV-1 virus comes from the Congo in 1959 and 1960 though genetic studies indicate that it passed into the human population from chimpanzees around fifty years earlier.
The HIV virus descends from the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which infects apes and monkeys in Africa. There is evidence that humans who participate in bush meat activities, commonly acquire SIV. To explain why HIV became epidemic, there are several theories, each invoking specific driving factors that may have promoted SIV, rapid transmission of SIV through unsterile injections, colonial abuses and unsafe smallpox vaccinations or prostitution and the concomitant high frequency of genital ulcer diseases (such as syphilis) in nascent colonial cities.
This study aimed to better understand the current epidemiology of malaria in western Thailand using more sensitive molecular detection methods. The study analyzed blood samples from 219 residents of a village and 61 patients at a malaria clinic. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected Plasmodium DNA in 25 village samples (11.4% prevalence), mostly asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections. qPCR also found 27 positive samples (44.3% prevalence) from the clinic, including submicroscopic infections. All samples showed antibody responses to malaria antigens, suggesting widespread exposure despite low detected parasite levels by microscopy. These findings suggest parasite prevalence is higher than estimated by local authorities and that asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections still contribute to transmission as malaria declines in Thailand.
This document provides information from a seminar on searching CINAHL for statistics and information technology. It includes a bibliography of 5 references related to cesarean section, surgical site infection, and wound management. The references discuss risk factors for surgical site infection after low transverse cesarean section, reduction of surgical site infections in low transverse cesarean sections at a university hospital, outcomes of second- versus first-stage cesarean deliveries at a hospital in India, and experience with enhanced surgical site infection surveillance following caesarean section through a multicenter collaborative post-discharge system.
This study analyzed data from the Utah Statewide Immunization Information System to identify missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among females ages 11-26 between 2008-2012. Of 47,665 eligible clinical visits, there were 20,911 missed opportunities (43.87%) where another adolescent vaccine was given but not the HPV vaccine. Younger age, non-Hispanic ethnicity, and residence in a rural area were associated with higher rates of missed opportunities. Interventions targeted at providers serving groups with the most missed opportunities could help improve HPV vaccination coverage.
A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Sever COVID-19Valentina Corona
This randomized controlled trial studied 199 hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19 in Wuhan, China to evaluate if the drug combination lopinavir-ritonavir provided benefits beyond standard care. Patients received either lopinavir-ritonavir plus standard care or standard care alone. Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir did not significantly reduce time to clinical improvement or mortality at 28 days compared to standard care. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common with lopinavir-ritonavir. The study found no clinical benefit to using lopinavir-ritonavir for severe Covid-19.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using bioinformatics in pandemics. The presentation was given by Puneeth V G at Sahyadri Science College and discussed how bioinformatics can help shorten the time needed to identify drug and vaccine targets during a pandemic. It explained that bioinformatics tools like genome sequencing and comparative genomics can be used to find overlapping genes between host and pathogen genomes, identify unique pathogen sequences, and ultimately find protein targets that could be used for vaccines or drugs. The presentation highlighted that bioinformatics allows for more rapid identification of targets with fewer resources during a pandemic compared to traditional methods.
Outcome of 16 years of hemodialysis infection controlJAFAR ALSAID
The study analyzed the outcomes of a tight infection control protocol over 16 years in a hemodialysis unit. The protocol was successful in limiting hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections and admissions. Specifically:
- The rate of hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections was 0.003 per 100 patient months, far below the international reported rate of 0.75-4.4 infections per 100 patient months.
- The admission rate for hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections was 0.4 per 1000 patient years, much lower than the international rate of 108 admissions per 1000 patient years.
- Only 12 patients experienced hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections over nearly 19 years and
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gom...IOSR Journals
Incidence of Hepatitis B virus among healthy asymptomatic students in Gombe State University was determined, this was in an effort of providing baseline data on the diseases burden, and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in the study population. A total of 100 serum samples were collected from volunteers and screened using rapid immune chromatographic test kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The study revealed that 14% were HBsAg positive. The highest incidence rate of 18.2% (12) was recorded among the age group of 16-25 years, and males recorded the highest incidence rate of 20% (12), indicating that gender but not age might have greater influence on the infection (P= 0.05).
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii among HIV Positive Patients in an Antiret...Conferenceproceedings
This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among 184 HIV positive patients in Northern Nigeria. The patients were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies and had their CD4 counts estimated. The overall seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection was 17.4%. Males had a higher prevalence of 28.8% compared to 12.9% among females. Most infected patients (78.1%) had a CD4+ count below 400. Younger patients aged 10-19 years had the highest prevalence of 27.3%. The study suggests exposure to T. gondii is present in Northern Nigeria and identifies gender, age, and low CD4 count as potential risk factors.
This study examines the clinical profiles and visual outcomes of 187 HIV/AIDS patients in relation to their use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It finds that most patients were aged 20-49, from lower socioeconomic classes, and in WHO stage I. The majority (80%) had recently started HAART treatment. The most common HAART regimen contained zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Most patients showed improved CD4 counts in the 0-250 range after starting HAART. Opportunistic infections like tuberculosis were more common in early HAART users and correlated with improved CD4 counts. Cataracts were a major cause of vision loss and correlated with
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that examined the oral microbial pathogens isolated in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Dakar, Senegal. 57 newly diagnosed HIV patients were included in the study. The patients' CD4 counts, viral loads, and oral examinations were analyzed. Common oral lesions found were pseudomembranous candidiasis, xerostomia, and gingivitis. Microbial pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. There was an inverse correlation between CD4 count and viral load. The frequency of oral lesions and microbial isolates increased with higher viral loads. Most patients had CD4 counts below
This study examined the relationship between neighborhood safety during adolescence and risk of sexually transmitted diseases during young adulthood among African Americans. The study found that African American adolescents who reported living in safer neighborhoods were less likely to have multiple sex partners or a chlamydia infection as young adults. Additionally, adolescent delinquency like selling drugs predicted later chlamydia infection. The results suggest public health policies should focus on improving neighborhood safety to help reduce racial disparities in sexually transmitted diseases.
This Cochrane review evaluated the effects of influenza vaccines in healthy adults. The review included 50 studies with over 70,000 participants. Inactivated influenza vaccines were found to reduce symptomatic influenza by 73% when the vaccine strain matched the circulating strain, and by 44% when matching was incomplete or unknown. Common side effects included soreness at the injection site and muscle aches. Rare side effects like Guillain-Barré syndrome and Bell's palsy were associated with vaccination, occurring in 1-10 cases per million vaccinated. The vaccines had little effect on preventing pneumonia or hospitalization.
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Pregnant Women Accessing An...Conferenceproceedings
8th International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
2-3 April, 2016
Hotel Istana Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Group A streptococci are the most common cause of strep throat, especially in children ages 5-15. About 15-20% of sore throats are caused by streptococci. Patients with a true streptococcal infection are at risk of developing rheumatic fever or spreading the infection to others. The Jones Criteria provide guidelines for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever based on major and minor symptoms and evidence of a prior streptococcal infection. Echocardiography can help identify carditis that is not clinically apparent, increasing the detection of rheumatic heart disease. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease remain major public health problems in many developing nations.
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
This document summarizes research on the impacts of respiratory epidemics on healthcare workers. Some key points:
- Acute respiratory infections are very common, estimated to account for half of all acute illnesses. Incidence is highest in young children.
- Morbidity from respiratory illnesses justifies 30-50% absenteeism among adult workers and 60-80% school absences in children.
- Attack rates among healthcare workers during epidemics like SARS and influenza have been estimated as high as 60%.
- Nosocomial outbreaks have resulted in significant psychological and economic impacts with increased mortality, especially in intensive care settings.
- Risk factors for infection among healthcare workers include exposure to aerosol-generating procedures,
This document discusses the natural history and progression of chronic hepatitis C. It notes that of 100 people infected with hepatitis C, around 25 will spontaneously clear the virus, 30-40 will remain chronically infected but without progressive liver disease, and 35-45 will develop some level of progressive liver disease. Of those with progressive liver disease, without treatment around 5-10 will develop cirrhosis and 1-3 will develop hepatocellular carcinoma over their lifetime. The document also provides information on the global prevalence of hepatitis C infection and reviews evidence from clinical trials showing that pegylated interferon therapy is more effective than nonpegylated therapy for treating hepatitis C.
Recent developments in cancer and covid 19 part 2tazib rahaman
The document discusses several recent scientific studies:
1) A study of SARS-CoV-2 virus genomes identified close to 200 recurrent genetic mutations, showing how the virus is adapting to human hosts.
2) Research found that having small red blood cells (microcytosis) increases cancer risk, with rates of 6.2% in men and 2.7% in women with microcytosis versus lower rates without.
3) A collaboration mapped lymphatic vessels in mice and humans at the cellular level, findings that may help strengthen immunity against viruses and cancer.
Xem online tại: http://www.thuvienso.vn/tai-lieu/aids-hiv-assignment.102.html
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. This transmission can involve anal, vaginal or oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated hypodermic needles, exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding or other exposure to one of the above bodily fluids.
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s. Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is no known cure or vaccine. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.
In the beginning, the U.S. Centres for Disease Control (CDC) did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus. The earliest known positive identification of the HIV-1 virus comes from the Congo in 1959 and 1960 though genetic studies indicate that it passed into the human population from chimpanzees around fifty years earlier.
The HIV virus descends from the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which infects apes and monkeys in Africa. There is evidence that humans who participate in bush meat activities, commonly acquire SIV. To explain why HIV became epidemic, there are several theories, each invoking specific driving factors that may have promoted SIV, rapid transmission of SIV through unsterile injections, colonial abuses and unsafe smallpox vaccinations or prostitution and the concomitant high frequency of genital ulcer diseases (such as syphilis) in nascent colonial cities.
This study aimed to better understand the current epidemiology of malaria in western Thailand using more sensitive molecular detection methods. The study analyzed blood samples from 219 residents of a village and 61 patients at a malaria clinic. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) detected Plasmodium DNA in 25 village samples (11.4% prevalence), mostly asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections. qPCR also found 27 positive samples (44.3% prevalence) from the clinic, including submicroscopic infections. All samples showed antibody responses to malaria antigens, suggesting widespread exposure despite low detected parasite levels by microscopy. These findings suggest parasite prevalence is higher than estimated by local authorities and that asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections still contribute to transmission as malaria declines in Thailand.
This document provides information from a seminar on searching CINAHL for statistics and information technology. It includes a bibliography of 5 references related to cesarean section, surgical site infection, and wound management. The references discuss risk factors for surgical site infection after low transverse cesarean section, reduction of surgical site infections in low transverse cesarean sections at a university hospital, outcomes of second- versus first-stage cesarean deliveries at a hospital in India, and experience with enhanced surgical site infection surveillance following caesarean section through a multicenter collaborative post-discharge system.
This study analyzed data from the Utah Statewide Immunization Information System to identify missed opportunities for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among females ages 11-26 between 2008-2012. Of 47,665 eligible clinical visits, there were 20,911 missed opportunities (43.87%) where another adolescent vaccine was given but not the HPV vaccine. Younger age, non-Hispanic ethnicity, and residence in a rural area were associated with higher rates of missed opportunities. Interventions targeted at providers serving groups with the most missed opportunities could help improve HPV vaccination coverage.
A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Sever COVID-19Valentina Corona
This randomized controlled trial studied 199 hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19 in Wuhan, China to evaluate if the drug combination lopinavir-ritonavir provided benefits beyond standard care. Patients received either lopinavir-ritonavir plus standard care or standard care alone. Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir did not significantly reduce time to clinical improvement or mortality at 28 days compared to standard care. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common with lopinavir-ritonavir. The study found no clinical benefit to using lopinavir-ritonavir for severe Covid-19.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on using bioinformatics in pandemics. The presentation was given by Puneeth V G at Sahyadri Science College and discussed how bioinformatics can help shorten the time needed to identify drug and vaccine targets during a pandemic. It explained that bioinformatics tools like genome sequencing and comparative genomics can be used to find overlapping genes between host and pathogen genomes, identify unique pathogen sequences, and ultimately find protein targets that could be used for vaccines or drugs. The presentation highlighted that bioinformatics allows for more rapid identification of targets with fewer resources during a pandemic compared to traditional methods.
Outcome of 16 years of hemodialysis infection controlJAFAR ALSAID
The study analyzed the outcomes of a tight infection control protocol over 16 years in a hemodialysis unit. The protocol was successful in limiting hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections and admissions. Specifically:
- The rate of hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections was 0.003 per 100 patient months, far below the international reported rate of 0.75-4.4 infections per 100 patient months.
- The admission rate for hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections was 0.4 per 1000 patient years, much lower than the international rate of 108 admissions per 1000 patient years.
- Only 12 patients experienced hemodialysis-related bloodstream infections over nearly 19 years and
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gom...IOSR Journals
Incidence of Hepatitis B virus among healthy asymptomatic students in Gombe State University was determined, this was in an effort of providing baseline data on the diseases burden, and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in the study population. A total of 100 serum samples were collected from volunteers and screened using rapid immune chromatographic test kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The study revealed that 14% were HBsAg positive. The highest incidence rate of 18.2% (12) was recorded among the age group of 16-25 years, and males recorded the highest incidence rate of 20% (12), indicating that gender but not age might have greater influence on the infection (P= 0.05).
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii among HIV Positive Patients in an Antiret...Conferenceproceedings
This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among 184 HIV positive patients in Northern Nigeria. The patients were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies and had their CD4 counts estimated. The overall seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection was 17.4%. Males had a higher prevalence of 28.8% compared to 12.9% among females. Most infected patients (78.1%) had a CD4+ count below 400. Younger patients aged 10-19 years had the highest prevalence of 27.3%. The study suggests exposure to T. gondii is present in Northern Nigeria and identifies gender, age, and low CD4 count as potential risk factors.
Hepatitis C is a major public health problem in the Arab world and North Africa with an estimated 25 million people affected. [1] Genotype 4 is most common in this region. [2] Major risk factors for transmission include blood transfusions, hemodialysis, healthcare procedures, and injection drug use. [3] Transmission within healthcare settings poses a risk, with one study in Egypt finding a 12.3% incidence of transient viremia in exposed healthcare workers. [4] Strategies are needed to improve infection control and screening measures to reduce the high prevalence of Hepatitis C in this part of the world.
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b virus among pregnant women in jaza...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. The researchers tested 537 pregnant women for HBV and found an overall prevalence of 4.1%. The prevalence increased with age, with the highest rate of 13.8% in women over 40 years old. Hospitalization and a history of jaundice were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection. The study suggests expanding Hepatitis B vaccination programs to reduce HBV risk among pregnant women in the region.
This study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in outpatients at a district hospital in Mardan, Pakistan. The study found that 34.8% of the 270 patients tested positive for HBV DNA using real-time PCR. Males had a slightly higher prevalence of HBV (34.5%) than females (35.1%). The highest prevalence was found in patients aged 21-40 years old (38.9%). When analyzing viral load levels, 50% of positive patients had a low viral load, 33% had an intermediate load, and 17% had a high viral load. Females were more likely to have a high viral load compared to males. The study provides
The Prevalence of Hcv Infection among Renal Failure Patients Before Starting ...CrimsonpublishersMedical
HCV infection is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality among heamodialysis (HD) patients [1]. Heamodialysis is a trusted intermediate procedure for management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. As such CKD is an immunedeficient state, hence blood borne viral infection particularly HCV pose great risk to patients treated by heamodialysis [2]. A high prevalence of HCV infection in heamodialysis patients has been reported in heamodialysis units since the introduction of heamodialysis therapy. Risk factors such as the number of blood transfusions or duration on heamodialysis. The prevalence of HCV infection in patients undergoing dialysis is greater than that in the general population, suggesting that patients on dialysis may be at higher risk of acquiring HCV infection.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that examined the oral microbial pathogens isolated in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Dakar, Senegal. 57 newly diagnosed HIV patients were included in the study. Their CD4 counts, viral loads, and oral examinations were performed. Samples found the most common microbial pathogens were Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus. An inverse correlation was found between CD4 count and viral load. The frequency of oral lesions and microbial isolates increased with higher viral loads. 70% of patients had CD4 counts below 500. The study concludes maintaining a low oral microbial load is important for preventing opportunistic infections in HIV patients.
According to an investigation published in The Lancet, people with HIV who maintain low, but still detectable, levels of the virus and follow their antiretroviral regimen have essentially little chance of HIV sexual transmission.
HIV was first recognized in 1981 in the United States. It is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and from mother to child. The virus was identified in 1983 and proven to cause AIDS in 1984. It is predominantly sexually transmitted worldwide. Transmission can occur through anal sex, vaginal sex, needle sharing, and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. Risk is reduced through antiretroviral treatment and screening of blood and organ supplies.
Clinical Epidemiological Study of Secondary Syphilis - Current Scenarioiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
e632 www.thelancet.comhiv Vol 6 September 2019ViewpoiAlyciaGold776
e632 www.thelancet.com/hiv Vol 6 September 2019
Viewpoint
The disconnect between individual-level and population-level
HIV prevention benefits of antiretroviral treatment
Stefan Baral, Amrita Rao, Patrick Sullivan, Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya, Daouda Diouf, Greg Millett, Helgar Musyoki, Elvin Geng, Sharmistha Mishra
In 2019, the HIV pandemic is growing and soon over 40 million people will be living with HIV. Effective population-
based approaches to decrease HIV incidence are as relevant as ever given modest reductions observed over the past
decade. Treatment as prevention is often heralded as the path to improve HIV outcomes and to reduce HIV
incidence. Although treatment of an individual does eliminate onward transmission to serodifferent partners
(unde tectable=untransmittable or U=U), population-level observational and experimental data have not shown a similar
effect with scale-up of treatment on reducing HIV incidence. This disconnect might be the result of little attention given
to heterogeneities of HIV acquisition and transmission risks that exist in people at risk for and living with HIV, even in
the most broadly generalised epidemics. Available data suggest that HIV treatment is treatment, HIV prevention is
prevention, and specificity of HIV treatment approaches towards people at highest risk of onward transmission drives
the intersection between the two. All people living with HIV deserve HIV treatment, but both more accurately estimating
and optimising the potential HIV prevention effects of universal treatment approaches necessitates understanding who
is being supported with treatment rather than a focus on treatment targets such as 90-90-90 or 95-95-95.
Introduction
In 2019, we are at a pivotal time in the global HIV response
in that many people believe that the HIV pandemic is
over given the advances in HIV treatment.1 Yet the HIV
pandemic continues to grow as defined by numbers of
people living with HIV. Specifically, given the encouraging
decreases in overall mortality among people living with
HIV, in the context of universal treat ment as prevention,
approximately 930 000 more people annually (1·7 million
new infections minus 770 000 deaths of people living with
HIV) require anti retroviral therapy (ART) and many more
would need to change ART regimens. At the current rate
of new infections, over 40 million people will be living
with HIV by 2025.2 The global optimism about the HIV
pandemic has not been matched by decreases in new
HIV infections. New infections have declined by less than
2% per year since 2005, which means that between
1·8 and 2·5 million people acquired HIV in 2017.2,3 To
date, just over 60% of the 37·9 million people living with
HIV are on ART; of those 37·9 million, just over half
(20·1 million) are estimated to have achieved viral sup
pression.2 Taken together, these data suggest that an
estimated 18 million people living with HIV require ART
or improved ART regimens giv ...
The UC San Diego AntiViral Research Center sponsors weekly presentations on infectious diseases research and clinical practices. A presentation on whether widespread HIV treatment can end transmission discussed recent trends showing HIV declining among adolescents and young adults in the US. The presentation reviewed research showing that early HIV treatment dramatically reduces heterosexual transmission but some transmission may still occur through anal sex among men who have sex with men on antiretroviral therapy. Future interventions could focus on optimizing HIV treatment, comparing antiretroviral regimens, and suppressing coinfections like CMV to further reduce HIV transmission.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Prevalence of hiv infection in pulmonary tuberculosis suspects;Alexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of HIV infection among 1,544 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspects at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital in Nnewi, Nigeria between 2011-2012. Of the suspects, 11.9% tested positive for HIV, with higher rates in females (13.3%) than males (10.4%). A total of 15.4% of suspects had PTB based on sputum smear microscopy, again with higher rates in males (19.9%) than females (11.2%). The HIV/TB co-infection rate was 1.42%, slightly higher in males (1.6%) than females (1.2%). Those aged 31-40 and 41-
This review article discusses advanced HIV, which is defined as having a CD4 count less than 200 cells/uL or an AIDS-defining illness. Two groups present with advanced HIV - those who are ART-naive and those who are ART-experienced. While substantial progress has been made in treating HIV, diagnosis of advanced cases has stalled. Individuals diagnosed with advanced HIV have higher mortality rates than those diagnosed earlier, even after starting ART. Proper diagnosis of opportunistic infections like tuberculosis and cryptococcus is important for managing advanced HIV cases, but many patients remain undiagnosed. Earlier testing and treatment is needed to improve outcomes and prevent secondary HIV transmissions.
Prevalence & factors associated with hepatitis c virus seropositivity in ...Anjum Hashmi MPH
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in females in Islamabad, Pakistan and identify associated risk factors. The researchers surveyed 252 females and found that 24.6% tested positive for HCV antibodies. Logistic regression identified receiving a blood transfusion, undergoing dental procedures, and dilation and curettage as significantly associated with HCV positivity. The high prevalence of HCV in this population highlights the need for improved healthcare practices and public education on prevention and control.
CHLAMYDIA AND PERIODIC SCANNING 2Chlamydia and Periodic Scann.docxbartholomeocoombs
CHLAMYDIA AND PERIODIC SCANNING 2
Chlamydia and Periodic Scanning Among Sex Workers
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Number
Instructor’s Name
Date
Introduction
In recent years, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have increased at an alarming rate. 20% of the population in the US have had an STI since 2018 and their treatment cost has been approximately $16 billion. Among the STDs that have been on the rise include chlamydia. Chlamydia is an infection that affects both men and women and damages their reproductive organs. Because of this, it becomes hard for women to become pregnant and sometimes causes fatal ectopic pregnancy. Florida is among the worst affected population by STDs, and it ranks 7th supporting data shows that from 2010 to 2019, the rates of chlamydia in Florida rose an astonishing 313%. This condition is easily curable, but the shame people must get treated for STDs is the main cause of the high increase rates in of the disease.
It has been noted that this STD is particularly on the rise among young people aged 15-29. This population has been known for having unprotected and rampant sexual engagements. According to the most recent state data available, the illness affected 105,058 people overall in 2018. Florida reported 85,278 chlamydia infections among those between the ages of 15 and 29, which is a treatable bacterial STD. The number of cases the department reported in 2016 grew to 94,719 in 2017, reaching 100,002. Groups with the highest risk of developing an STD were identified by the health department as being young adults (15–24), gay and bisexual men, and those who have had several sex partners. According to the health department, 3 out of 4 STD carriers in Florida are between the ages of 15 and 29.
PICOT Question
For asymptomatic ureteral and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection, would periodically screening sex workers be beneficial to reduce incidence and prevalence rates at the community level when compared to communities without intervention in six months?
Vulnerable Population
Sex workers are exposed to many health hazards including STDs such as Chlamydia, AIDs, gonorrhea, and syphilis. The most rampant of them all among sex workers and normal people in the population is chlamydia. The disease is bad if left unchecked but easily cured when it is detected and treated early. It affects the reproductive system to an extent it may cause ectopic pregnancy or even destruction of the uterus. Sex workers are highly subjected to this disease as they are mostly dealing with the most sexually active age group which carries the largest infection rate. The number of cases the department reported in 2016 grew to 94,719 in 2017, reaching 100,002. Groups with the highest risk of developing an STD were identified by the health department as being young adults (15–24), gay and bisexual men, and those who have had several sex partners. Chlamydial and gonococcal infections in females can cause pelvic.
Similar to Parallel and Overlapping Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection in Apparently Healthy Youths in Northern Nigeria (20)
1) The paper presents a probability analysis of slope stability using the Monte Carlo simulation method to account for uncertainty in parameters like pore water pressure, cohesion, and internal angle of friction.
2) The results of the Monte Carlo simulation method are compared to other recognized methods of slope stability analysis like Bishop simplified, Fellenuis, Janbu simplified and corrected, Spencer and Lowe-Karafiath which use limit equilibrium.
3) The probability analysis finds that the failure probability is most affected by the standard deviation of pore water pressure, cohesion, internal angle of friction, and correlation coefficient between parameters, though individual limit equilibrium methods only account for one of these parameters in each analysis.
This document summarizes an abstract from the 9th International Scientific Conference on Applied Sciences and Engineering. The abstract discusses some biochemical markers that can predict pre-eclampsia. It states that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) directly damages vascular endothelial cells and increases endothelial permeability, which may result in secretion of vasoactive substances and increased vascular permeability and coagulation. This involvement of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia means it may identify patients at high risk for the condition and serve as a marker of severity. Preeclamptic women also have abnormal lipid metabolism and profiles due to pre-eclampsia, and this alteration in lipid metabolism may play a key role in developing symptoms.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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Parallel and Overlapping Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection in Apparently Healthy Youths in Northern Nigeria
1. Abstract of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2015, Vol.5
DOI: 10.18488/journal.1001/2015.5/1001.5
5th
International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
29-30 December, 2015
Flora Grand Hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Conference Website: www.scihost.org
11
Paper ID: 74/15/ 5
th
ISCASE
Parallel and Overlapping Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C
Virus Infection in Apparently Healthy Youths in Northern
Nigeria
Pennap Gri1
--- Joshua Ea2
1,2
Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria
Abstract
The asymptomatic nature of Hepatitis B and C virus infection is a factor that has a
major impact on the disease burden. The knowledge of such blood transmissible
infections among youths, who are the fulcrum of blood donation especially in
developing countries where there are many ailments that require blood transfusion, is
pertinent. This study was therefore to determine the prevalence of these viral infections
among apparently healthy youths. Two hundred consenting youths aged 17-45 years
participated in the study. There were 52% (104) males and 48% (96) females. A blood
sample was collected from each participant and screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV
antibody using a chromatographic test kit for each virus (ABCON Laboratories USA).
The general prevalence of hepatitis infection among the youths was 14.5%. While
HBsAg was prevalent in 11.5% of them, 3% were HCV positive and 0.5% had a
coinfection with HBV and HCV. Gender specific prevalence was 18.7% and 4.8% for
males and females respectively (p<0.05). The highest prevalence of HBV (20.0%) was
recorded among those aged 33-39 years. A HCV prevalence of 5.2% and 0.9% was
recorded among males and females respectively (p>0.05). Coinfection of HBV and
HCV was recorded only in one participant aged 24 years. Most of the risk factors
evaluated in this study only showed an arithmetically not a statistically significant
association with the viral seropositivity. The high prevalence of HBV(11.5%) and
relatively low prevalence of HCV (3.0%) in this study population is a cause for alarm.
This is because this is the age group that is usually recommended for blood donation.
Moreso, this is a sexually active group in a region that has a high prevalence of Human
immunedeficiency virus with which both HBV and HCV share common routes of
transmission. This study also demonstrated the obscurity of risk factors associated with
HBV and HCV transmission in this environment. There is therefore an urgent need to
make screening and vaccination available and affordable in the study area. This is in
order to enjoy the gains of early diagnosis which curbs the progression of the infection
to the disease and also allows for correct medication choice for HIV positves. Key
words: HBV, HCV, prevalence, Nigeria, youth
Keywords: Parallel, Hepatitis, Virus Infection