Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii among HIV Positive Patients in an Antiretroviral Therapy Center in Northern Nigeria

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This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among 184 HIV positive patients in Northern Nigeria. The patients were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies and had their CD4 counts estimated. The overall seroprevalence of latent T. gondii infection was 17.4%. Males had a higher prevalence of 28.8% compared to 12.9% among females. Most infected patients (78.1%) had a CD4+ count below 400. Younger patients aged 10-19 years had the highest prevalence of 27.3%. The study suggests exposure to T. gondii is present in Northern Nigeria and identifies gender, age, and low CD4 count as potential risk factors.

Education

Abstract of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2015, Vol.5
DOI: 10.18488/journal.1001/2015.5/1001.5
5th
International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
29-30 December, 2015
Flora Grand Hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Conference Website: www.scihost.org
8
Paper ID: 61/15/ 5
th
ISCASE
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii among HIV Positive
Patients in an Antiretroviral Therapy Center in Northern
Nigeria
Pennap, G.R.I.1
--- Adoga, M.2
1,2
Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite
Toxoplasma gondii an emerging opportunistic parasite. In immune compromised
individuals the infection leads to life threatening conditions. Thus the importance of
understanding the burden of coinfection. There is a paucity of published information on
the prevalence of this infection among people infected with the Human
Immunedeficiency virus in the study area..This study was carried out to investigate the
prevalence of infection and identify some possible risk factors in the study area. One
hundred and eighty four consenting patients aged 10-59 years accessing healthcare in
an antiretroviral clinic were recruited for this study. They were screened for
Toxoplasma gondii IgG using a Toxo IgG ELISA kit (Clinotech Laboratories and
Pharmaceuticals Canada). The test was carried out according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Their CD4 count was estimated using Flow cytometry. An ethical
clearance for the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Medical
Center. The prevalence of latent Toxoplasma gondii infection in the study population
was evidenced by seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG among 17.4% (32) of them.
Patients aged 10-19 years had the highest rate of infection (27.3%). The prevalence of
infection among males was 28.8% and 12.9% among females (p<0.05). Most of those
infected (78.1%) did not have a CD4+ count above 400. The 17.4% seroprevalence of
Taxoplasma gondii infection reported in this study is high and suggests that exposure
to the protozoan is present in Northern Nigeria. Gender, age and CD4+ count were
reported as possible risk factors to infection. There is a need to carry out further
studies on a larger scale and include more socio-demographic parameters. Meanwhile,
the outcome of this study calls for an urgent awareness campaign of this infection
especially among the immunocompromised persons in Nigeria with emphasis on
prevention and control of infection.
Keywords: Seroprevalence, Toxoplasma Gondii, HIV

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