The document summarizes a study that evaluated pancreatic beta cells in diabetic monkeys treated with Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract. The study found that treating diabetic monkeys with the extract increased the number and size of pancreatic beta cells compared to untreated diabetic monkeys. The extract treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin levels in the treated monkeys, suggesting the extract has antidiabetic properties by protecting pancreatic beta cells.
Study of virulence genes in vancomycin resistant Enterococci (vre) from anima...Innspub Net
With Enterococcus species in the leading cause of nosocomial infections and resistance to an array of antibiotics, this study focused to determine the frequency and distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, the presence of virulence genes and to determine the relative nucleotide sequence relatedness among isolates using 16S rRNA sequence. A random sampling of 120 fecal samples of cattle, poultry, and piggery, and human clinical isolates was analyzed. Standard bacteriological methods were employed in the isolation and characterization of isolates and the disk diffusion method was used in determining their antibiotic resistance profiles. Results showed Enterococcus species in cattle at 100%, followed by clinical isolates at 80%. Vancomycin resistance was observed at high rates in Enterococcus species from human clinical isolates and cattle isolates at 90% and 80% respectively. Multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates yielded twelve resistance profiles and 16S rDNA sequences identified E. faecalis, E. durans, E. mundtii, and Enterococcus sp. Isolates from cattle samples were the most probable source of clinical isolates at 78% homology of conserved regions with the clinical isolates. Virulence determinant genes Asa1 was recorded at66.6%, Cyl at 16.6% and GelE at 8.3% among the isolates. This study established farm animals as possible reservoirs of VRE isolates to man. Hence, healthy and professional practices among animal farmers with antibiotic usage, as well as hygienic and preventive measures among hospital workers are here recommended.
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
Study of virulence genes in vancomycin resistant Enterococci (vre) from anima...Innspub Net
With Enterococcus species in the leading cause of nosocomial infections and resistance to an array of antibiotics, this study focused to determine the frequency and distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, the presence of virulence genes and to determine the relative nucleotide sequence relatedness among isolates using 16S rRNA sequence. A random sampling of 120 fecal samples of cattle, poultry, and piggery, and human clinical isolates was analyzed. Standard bacteriological methods were employed in the isolation and characterization of isolates and the disk diffusion method was used in determining their antibiotic resistance profiles. Results showed Enterococcus species in cattle at 100%, followed by clinical isolates at 80%. Vancomycin resistance was observed at high rates in Enterococcus species from human clinical isolates and cattle isolates at 90% and 80% respectively. Multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates yielded twelve resistance profiles and 16S rDNA sequences identified E. faecalis, E. durans, E. mundtii, and Enterococcus sp. Isolates from cattle samples were the most probable source of clinical isolates at 78% homology of conserved regions with the clinical isolates. Virulence determinant genes Asa1 was recorded at66.6%, Cyl at 16.6% and GelE at 8.3% among the isolates. This study established farm animals as possible reservoirs of VRE isolates to man. Hence, healthy and professional practices among animal farmers with antibiotic usage, as well as hygienic and preventive measures among hospital workers are here recommended.
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
Radiation Response of Bacteria Associated with Human Cancellous BoneIOSR Journals
Cancellous bones from twenty five live tissue donors were tested for bacterial contamination and initial bioburden ranged from 4.1×101 to 3.1×103 cfu/g (average 9.0×102 cfu/g). Forty six representative bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Staphylococcus spp. was found to be predominant contaminant in tissue samples (41.30%). To assess the radiation resistance all the bacterial isolates were exposed to 1 to 10 kGy gamma radiation from 60Co gamma source. The radiation decimal reduction dose values (D10) and twelve log reduction values (12 D value) of the isolates were calculated. D10 values of the isolates were ranged from 0.59 to 1.20 kGy. Among the studied bacterial isolates, Streptococcus spp. was the most radioresistant isolates (D10 value 0.93-1.20 kGy) and three of the Streptococcus spp. survived up to 8 kGy. All the bacterial isolates were killed at 9 kGy. Twelve log reduction value (12D value) of the most resistant isolate was 14.4 kGy. These results indicate that standard radiation sterilization dose (25 kGy) is satisfactory for the sterilization of the cancellous bone allografts
Mobile phone has been source of microorganisms that cause diseases of public health concerns. In a study, one-fi fth of cellular phones examined were found to harbor pathogenic bacteria indicating that these devices may serve as vehicles of transmission. Swab samples were collected aseptically from the phones of different handlers like motor bike riders, food vendors, meat sellers and nursing mothers. Bacteria isolation and identifi cation were carried out using pour plating technique with distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics.The pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was investigated through oral inoculation into albino rats. Eighty-eight (88) bacteria were isolated and selected based on their resistance to antibiotics for pathological study. Loss in weight was observed in some albino rat. Along with reduction in the packed cell volume, hemoglobin but raised white blood cell. Animal inoculated with Bacillus cereus showed meningitis like symptom after the first week of inoculation. Also, there were short and stunted villi; low crystal depth with necrotic
debris in the lumen. It has been observed that cell phones may harbor pathogenic bacteria and can subsequently plays role as fomite in the disease transmission. Therefore, the need to educate community phone handlers in the rural area becomes imperative.
'INCIDENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE, BUFFALOES AND GOATS’, 'MOLEC...Hrishikesh Khakse
1) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘INCIDENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE, BUFFALOES AND GOATS’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 41, Page 86. 2) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS IN ANIMALS BY SEQUENCING OF COX-1 GENE’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 28, Page 86. 3) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘PREVALENCE OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS IN DOGS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 29, Page 86.
biological activity of Calotropis procera against desert locust and migratory...Narimene Kaidi
The treatments based on acetone extracts of Calotropis procera against imagos of Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria have been
very convincing due to the speed and efficiency of the action of said plant, on mortality and on haemogram of treated locusts.
Microbiological Investigations on Gryllotalpa Africana [Orthoptera: Gryllotal...iosrjce
This paper reports for the first time the bacterial distribution on Gryllotalpa africana, a mole cricket
and one of the edible hexapods of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Children hunt it during the rainy and also
at dry seasons and it is harvested as snacks in the rural settings of the region. It is eaten raw, boiled, fried or
roasted along with other condiments including onions and pepper. It is a delicacy enjoyed in many other parts
of Nigeria. Assessments were made to identify bacteria that are associated with different external structures of
the edible mole cricket.
Respiration of e. coli in the mouse intestineAndrew Fabich
Mammals are aerobes that harbor an intestinal ecosystem dominated by large numbers of anaerobic microorganisms. However, the role of oxygen in the intestinal ecosystem is largely unexplored. We used systematic mutational analysis to determine the role of respiratory metabolism in the streptomycin-treated mouse model of intestinal colonization. Here we provide evidence that aerobic respiration is required for commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli to colonize mice. Our results showed that mutants lacking ATP synthase, which is required for all respiratory energy-conserving metabolism, were eliminated by competition with respiratory-competent wild-type strains. Mutants lacking the high-affinity cytochrome bd oxidase, which is used when oxygen tensions are low, also failed to colonize. However, the low-affinity cytochrome bo(3) oxidase, which is used when oxygen tension is high, was found not to be necessary for colonization. Mutants lacking either nitrate reductase or fumarate reductase also had major colonization defects. The results showed that the entire E. coli population was dependent on both microaerobic and anaerobic respiration, consistent with the hypothesis that the E. coli niche is alternately microaerobic and anaerobic, rather than static. The results indicate that success of the facultative anaerobes in the intestine depends on their respiratory flexibility. Despite competition for relatively scarce carbon sources, the energy efficiency provided by respiration may contribute to the widespread distribution (i.e., success) of E. coli strains as commensal inhabitants of the mammalian intestine.
Radiation Response of Bacteria Associated with Human Cancellous BoneIOSR Journals
Cancellous bones from twenty five live tissue donors were tested for bacterial contamination and initial bioburden ranged from 4.1×101 to 3.1×103 cfu/g (average 9.0×102 cfu/g). Forty six representative bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Staphylococcus spp. was found to be predominant contaminant in tissue samples (41.30%). To assess the radiation resistance all the bacterial isolates were exposed to 1 to 10 kGy gamma radiation from 60Co gamma source. The radiation decimal reduction dose values (D10) and twelve log reduction values (12 D value) of the isolates were calculated. D10 values of the isolates were ranged from 0.59 to 1.20 kGy. Among the studied bacterial isolates, Streptococcus spp. was the most radioresistant isolates (D10 value 0.93-1.20 kGy) and three of the Streptococcus spp. survived up to 8 kGy. All the bacterial isolates were killed at 9 kGy. Twelve log reduction value (12D value) of the most resistant isolate was 14.4 kGy. These results indicate that standard radiation sterilization dose (25 kGy) is satisfactory for the sterilization of the cancellous bone allografts
Mobile phone has been source of microorganisms that cause diseases of public health concerns. In a study, one-fi fth of cellular phones examined were found to harbor pathogenic bacteria indicating that these devices may serve as vehicles of transmission. Swab samples were collected aseptically from the phones of different handlers like motor bike riders, food vendors, meat sellers and nursing mothers. Bacteria isolation and identifi cation were carried out using pour plating technique with distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics.The pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was investigated through oral inoculation into albino rats. Eighty-eight (88) bacteria were isolated and selected based on their resistance to antibiotics for pathological study. Loss in weight was observed in some albino rat. Along with reduction in the packed cell volume, hemoglobin but raised white blood cell. Animal inoculated with Bacillus cereus showed meningitis like symptom after the first week of inoculation. Also, there were short and stunted villi; low crystal depth with necrotic
debris in the lumen. It has been observed that cell phones may harbor pathogenic bacteria and can subsequently plays role as fomite in the disease transmission. Therefore, the need to educate community phone handlers in the rural area becomes imperative.
'INCIDENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE, BUFFALOES AND GOATS’, 'MOLEC...Hrishikesh Khakse
1) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘INCIDENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN SLAUGHTERED CATTLE, BUFFALOES AND GOATS’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 41, Page 86. 2) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS IN ANIMALS BY SEQUENCING OF COX-1 GENE’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 28, Page 86. 3) Ingole R. S., Khakse H. D., et.al. ‘PREVALENCE OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS IN DOGS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION’ Published in Abstract Compendium of 31st Annual Conference of Indian Association of Veterinary Pathologist, National Symposium on “Impact of Climate Change on Pathology of Disease of Animals, Poultry and Fish” 13th to 15th Nov. 2014, organized by Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Sr. No. 29, Page 86.
biological activity of Calotropis procera against desert locust and migratory...Narimene Kaidi
The treatments based on acetone extracts of Calotropis procera against imagos of Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria have been
very convincing due to the speed and efficiency of the action of said plant, on mortality and on haemogram of treated locusts.
Microbiological Investigations on Gryllotalpa Africana [Orthoptera: Gryllotal...iosrjce
This paper reports for the first time the bacterial distribution on Gryllotalpa africana, a mole cricket
and one of the edible hexapods of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Children hunt it during the rainy and also
at dry seasons and it is harvested as snacks in the rural settings of the region. It is eaten raw, boiled, fried or
roasted along with other condiments including onions and pepper. It is a delicacy enjoyed in many other parts
of Nigeria. Assessments were made to identify bacteria that are associated with different external structures of
the edible mole cricket.
Respiration of e. coli in the mouse intestineAndrew Fabich
Mammals are aerobes that harbor an intestinal ecosystem dominated by large numbers of anaerobic microorganisms. However, the role of oxygen in the intestinal ecosystem is largely unexplored. We used systematic mutational analysis to determine the role of respiratory metabolism in the streptomycin-treated mouse model of intestinal colonization. Here we provide evidence that aerobic respiration is required for commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli to colonize mice. Our results showed that mutants lacking ATP synthase, which is required for all respiratory energy-conserving metabolism, were eliminated by competition with respiratory-competent wild-type strains. Mutants lacking the high-affinity cytochrome bd oxidase, which is used when oxygen tensions are low, also failed to colonize. However, the low-affinity cytochrome bo(3) oxidase, which is used when oxygen tension is high, was found not to be necessary for colonization. Mutants lacking either nitrate reductase or fumarate reductase also had major colonization defects. The results showed that the entire E. coli population was dependent on both microaerobic and anaerobic respiration, consistent with the hypothesis that the E. coli niche is alternately microaerobic and anaerobic, rather than static. The results indicate that success of the facultative anaerobes in the intestine depends on their respiratory flexibility. Despite competition for relatively scarce carbon sources, the energy efficiency provided by respiration may contribute to the widespread distribution (i.e., success) of E. coli strains as commensal inhabitants of the mammalian intestine.
Detection and Subtype Identification of Blastocystis Isolates from Wastewater...gon0603
Presented during the 6th Asian-Pacific Organization for Cell Biology (APOCB) International Congress, EDSA Shangri-La, Manila, Philippines, 25 to 28 February 2011
Protective Effect of Gongronema Latifolium Leaf Extract on Rambo And Raid Mos...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
ABSTRACT- This study was an attempt to estimate the prevalence of Antimicrobial resistance in patients attending the OPD and IPD of IIMS&R, hospital, Lucknow. Total 453 urine samples were included in this study. Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases were identified by conventional methods. Of the 453 processed samples 166 samples showed significant colony count of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E. coli (49.39%) followed by Klebsiella species (7.83%). The majority of the isolates were from female (68.67%) while the remaining was from male (31.32%). Dysuria was the most common clinical presentation followed by fever and abdominal pain. Diabetes and urogenital instrumentation were the major risk factors for UTI. Among the 166 urine samples which showed significant colony count, 152 (91.56%) of specimen showed pus cells in wet film examination. Among the gram-negative enteric bacilli high prevalence of resistance was observed against Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole. 44% of isolates were detected to produce ESBL among the gram negative bacteria. Carbapenemase production was seen in 13 (11.71%) isolates. Among the 32 Enterococcus isolates 14 (43.75%) were resistant to High level Gentamicin, 2 (6.25%) were resistant to High level Streptomycin while 12 (37.50%) of isolates were resistant to both of the antimicrobial drugs. Among the 16 Staphylococcus species, 8 (50%) were MRSA.
KEYWORDS- MRSA, Antimicrobial resistance, UTI, ESBL, Gram-negative bacteria
Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While, the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P < 0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 x 106 /ml and 20.5 x 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice
Medical Conferences, Pharma Conferences, Engineering Conferences, Science Conferences, Manufacturing Conferences, Social Science Conferences, Business Conferences, Scientific Conferences Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai, Turkey 2014 2015 2016
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is a leading academic event organizer, publishing Open Access Journals and conducting several professionally organized international conferences all over the globe annually. GRDS aims to disseminate knowledge and innovation with the help of its International Conferences and open access publications. GRDS International conferences are world-class events which provide a meaningful platform for researchers, students, academicians, institutions, entrepreneurs, industries and practitioners to create, share and disseminate knowledge and innovation and to develop long-lasting network and collaboration.
GRDS is a blend of Open Access Publications and world-wide International Conferences and Academic events. The prime mission of GRDS is to make continuous efforts in transforming the lives of people around the world through education, application of research and innovative ideas.
Global Research & Development Services (GRDS) is also active in the field of Research Funding, Research Consultancy, Training and Workshops along with International Conferences and Open Access Publications.
International Conferences 2014 – 2015
Malaysia Conferences, Thailand Conferences, Singapore Conferences, Hong Kong Conferences, Dubai Conferences, Turkey Conferences, Conference Listing, Conference Alerts
Potential Alleviation of Chlorella vulgaris and Zingiber officinale on Lead-I...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Natural products were studied to combat reproductive alterations of lead. The current work
aimed to disclose the efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris and Zingiber officinale to alleviate lead
acetate induced toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups.
Group 1 was considered control, group 2 received 200 mg/l PbAc water, group 3 received 50
mg/kg/rat of C. vulgaris extract and 200 mg/l PbAc water, and group 4 received 100
mg/kg/rat of Z. officinale and 200 mg/l PbAc water for 90 days. Testis samples were subjected
to ultrastructural examination. It was observed that PbAc caused degenerative alterations in
the spermatogenic series in many tubules, with a loss of germ cells and vacuoles inside the
cytoplasm and between the germ cells. Mitochondria exhibited ballooning, with lost cristae
and widening of the interstitial tissue, while nuclear envelopes of primary spermatocytes
were broken up, and axonemes of the mid-pieces of the sperms were distorted. With the
treatment with C. vulgaris or Z. officinale, there were noticeable improvements in these
modifications. It was concluded that both C. vulgaris and Z. officinale represent convincing
medicinal components that may be used to ameliorate testicular toxicity in those exposed to
lead in daily life with superior potentials revealed by C. vulgaris due to its chelating action.
Key words: Chlorella vulgaris, lead acetate, ultrastructure, Zingiber officinale.
Study of virulence genes in vancomycin resistant Enterococci (vre) from anima...Innspub Net
With Enterococcus species in the leading cause of nosocomial infections and resistance to an array of antibiotics, this study focused to determine the frequency and distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, the presence of virulence genes and to determine the relative nucleotide sequence relatedness among isolates using 16S rRNA sequence. A random sampling of 120 fecal samples of cattle, poultry, and piggery, and human clinical isolates was analyzed. Standard bacteriological methods were employed in the isolation and characterization of isolates and the disk diffusion method was used in determining their antibiotic resistance profiles. Results showed Enterococcus species in cattle at 100%, followed by clinical isolates at 80%. Vancomycin resistance was observed at high rates in Enterococcus species from human clinical isolates and cattle isolates at 90% and 80% respectively. Multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates yielded twelve resistance profiles and 16S rDNA sequences identified E. faecalis, E. durans, E. mundtii, and Enterococcus sp. Isolates from cattle samples were the most probable source of clinical isolates at 78% homology of conserved regions with the clinical isolates. Virulence determinant genes Asa1 was recorded at66.6%, Cyl at 16.6% and GelE at 8.3% among the isolates. This study established farm animals as possible reservoirs of VRE isolates to man. Hence, healthy and professional practices among animal farmers with antibiotic usage, as well as hygienic and preventive measures among hospital workers are here recommended.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on mice
orgons . (In vivo),In vivo, the acute toxicity of 70 % ethanolic
extract of the plant on normal mice was studied. No toxic effect
was noted on normal mice even at 9500 mg /kg B.W S/C
injection.Histopathological changes due to ethanolic extract of
the plant in healthy mice were summarized in hyperplasia of
white pulp with amyloid deposition, proliferation of
megakaryocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver and
kidney parenchyma. There were no significant lesions detected in
the brain, heart and ovary in all treated groups.
ABSTRACT
Background- The mainstay of the treatment of pain and inflammation are opioids, steroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Though, they are effective and readily available with negative and unpleasant effects, more importantly, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Thus, the need for safer and effective therapy in the management of pain and inflammation. Objective- The work sought to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum polycephalum (HeCP) in animals. Methods- HeCP (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) given to mice, 1 h before administer of acetic acid (0.6% v/v, i.p.), formalin (1%v/v, intraplantar) or capsaicin (1% w/v, intraplantar) for nociceptive behavior in mice while carrageenan (1% w/v in saline, intraplantar) or cotton pellet (20 mg implanted into both groin) to induce acute or chronic inflammation in rats. Results- HeCP (100 – 400 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced mean writhes number, duration of paw licking or biting in the acetic acid, formalin and capsaicin models, respectively, in mice. However, the initial treatment of mice with L-NNA (neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist), or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker) prevented HeCP induced anti-nociception in mice. In contrast, the initial treatment of mice with, sulpiride (dopamine D2-receptor antagonist) failed to reverse HeCP-induced antinociception. In the aspect of anti-inflammatory activity, HeCP caused significantly but not dose-dependent inhibition of edema development in carrageenan-induced inflammation and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Conclusion- Findings from this work indicates that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum polycephalum has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory possibly due to its polyphenolic constituents.
Key-words: ATP-sensitive K+ channel, Capsaicin, Glibenclamide, Nociception, Inflammation
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
PANCREATIC BETA CELLS EVALUATION AFTER TREATED BY Plwleria macrocarpa (Mahkota Dewa) FRUIT EXTRACT IN DIABETIC MONKEY
1.
2.
3. Proceedings
The Joint Meeting of Conference and Congress
of Asian Society of Veterinary Pathology
(ASVP) 2011
&) ~
The 10
th
Scientific Symposium of Indonesian
E Society of Veterinary Pathology (lSVP) 2011
The Role of Veterinary Pathology Animal Health for
Improving Eco-Health
IPB International Convention Centre
Bogar, Indonesia, l'Jovember 2011
Hosted by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Bogar Agricultural University 2011
4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Bogor Agricultural University 20 I I
All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without
pennission in writing from the publisher, except by reviewer who wishes to quote brief
passages in review written for inclusion in magazine or newspaper.
Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia Cataloguing -in-Publication Data
The Joint Meeting of the 5th Conference and Congress of Asian Society of Vetrinary
Pathology (ASVP) and the 10th Scientific n Symposium of Indonesian Society of
Veterinary Pathology (ISVP), 2011,
The Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the 5th Conference and Congress of ASVP and
the 10th Scientific n Symposium of ISVP, November 22-24,2011,
IPB International Convention Centre, Bogor Indonesia.
ISBN; 978-979-493-371-8
Typest and Printed by
Penerbit IPB Press
Contact Address
ASVP 2011 Organizing Committee
Division of Veterinary Pathology
Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction & Pathology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Bogor Agricultural University
Wing 6th & 7th, 1st Fl. .II. Agatis, Campus IPB of Darmaga
Bogor 16680, INDONESIA
Phone/Fax. +62-251-8421807
E-mail ;asvpbogor2011@gmail.com
Website: http://asvpbogor201I.event.ipb.ac.id
"
5. Invited Speaker Page
OPS 1
OPS:2
OPS 3
OP54
OPS 5
OPS 6
OPS 7
POI
P 02
I' 03
P04
I' 05
I' 06
TGF-beta Niche Regulation for Better Therapy
jin-Kyu Park! , EUI1-lv[i Leel
!, Ah-Young Kin/!, Sang- Young
You!!. Seon-Yolll1~ HOI/! . Elin-Joo Le/ c, and Kl'll-Shik
Jeongl :' '
Pathological findings and Molecular charcteristics ofPRRSV
isolated from infected in North of Vietnam
Ng/lyen Thi Lanl. Nglll'en HUll Na1/1L
. Ngl;yen Ba Hierl Le ,
Huynh Thanh P/lIIongL
Ngllyen Thi Hoa~. Ryoji YOll1agllchi
Rat Tumor Models and their Applications, Pariicularly
for Renal and Hepatic Fibrosis
Jyoji Yalllate
Vascular Pathology Associated with Experimental
Pastellrel/a IIlItltocida serotype: B:2 Infection in Calves
S. J(lSni. E.lY1. AlIIl1(l. At Z(JI/Iri-Sa(/d. Z Zakario, S.S. Arslwd.
A. R. Ol/wr and T I. A:::llli
Challcnges in safety evaluation ofbiomaterials. biomedical
devices and engineered tissue constructs
TV Ani/kllmar. R Deepa (ll1d Al Jaseer
Diagnostic Classification and Detection of Minimal Residual
Disease (MRD) in Canine Lymphoma
~Blll1gsipipot, N :4wwc//(/i. J Clwyapollg, S. Wangl1uifhol/l
ond S. TechollgulIIs/l'(//i
The Development of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Syndrome Virus Vaccine
Min- Yuan Chid', Hui- Ting Chan", Yi- Yin Do",
Pllng-Ling Huang". Victor Fei Pang", Chian-Ren
Participant
Pathology and Veterinary Pathology Challenge-Future
Pcrspective
1.1. A/ SlIlfatl
Ultra structural Characteristic of Blood Cells in Giants
Freshwatcr Stingray (Hil//(/lIfllnt clwop/iruya)
A.Sailasl/to. Y. ;Iat/lIJra, N. CI/(/I1SII(,
Analysis of 1'53 and PCNA Expression in the Genital and
Extra genital CTVT Microarray
S. Jon/alltsa. K. T(lIIgfrogoon. P. Kli%fha, S. Bolflwisollf!,.
S. iVallgnait!II//II. P. TO/lgkOll'Olfana, A. Rl/ngsipl/)(It. S.
TongkOlI'atto110
Comparing Expression ofHERR-2 in Malignant Feline
Mammary Tumors Tissue Microarray
tV RlIngrass(/l/Iee. P. Tml'Ornpanich. W. Jilltowes, S.
Bulfhaisong, S. Wal1gnaifhlll1l. P. Tangkmraffmw. A.
Rllngsipipai, S. TClllgkall'affona
Investigation of the Death of Java Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros
/sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park
Adhi Racl1llI(Jf Slidraiat Har~l'Odi. Halldayani, Agl/s
Pr~l'OlIIhlldi, Ridlmn Seti(JlI'{I/I
Pathogenicity of a Pathogenic Filed Isolate NDV/Bali-1107 in
Commercial Chicken Strain ISA brown
Anak Agllng Ani /vliwh Adi, iHade Kardel1a. !~ro/llall ,Hanfik
Asfmi'(J Yoshihiro Hayashi. YaslIl70hll AlotSl/llloto
3
5
8
II
13
15
20
Page
25
26
28
30
35
6. P07 Immunohistochemical Characterization of Macrophages and 37
Myofibroblasts in Biliary Cirrhosis due to Liver Fluke
(Fasciola spp) Infestation in Cattle
HM Golbar. V Junianfifo. C. Ichikawa. M. Tanaka. T. [::.m!'a.
Af KlIlI'amlira. OJ. 'lamale
P 08 Expression of Metallothionein Protein in Malignant Feline 40
Mammary Tumors by Using Tissue Microarray
P. Siffhicharoenchai. P. Alarlow. P. Prufthifhmrorn. S.
Sirivaidyapong. S Wangnaithllll1. . S Tangkall'utfana, A.
RUl1gsipiput
P 09 Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Thai 43
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Isolates
S TechangamslI'{ln, N Charoensiml. A. Radranakatikanol7.
A. RlIl1gsl/JI/)(It
PIO In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Saccharomyces cerevisae 46
Against Streprococclis agalactiae Isolated from Nile Tilapia.
K Pinpill1ai. P. Kaywlsalllrlwj. C. Rodkhwl1. A. POl1pornpisit.
LV. pirarat.
PI! Necrotizing Granulomatous Lesions of Uterus in a Dog by 48
Nematode Larvae in the family ofOnchocercidae
JK Park A Y Killl, El'" Lee. l.:.J. Lee, SY. YOII. SY. Han. DAf
KH·ak. TH Kim. KS. Jeong
PI2 Phylogenetic and RFLP analysis of Canine Distemper Virus 51
Fusion (F) Gene from Domestic Dogs in Thailand
A. Rac/tanakatikanon. N. Clwroensivu/. J. Kemrchoroen. K.
Oraveeraklil. K Sliwo/lnokaril. r Poovorowo!1. S
Techongwl/s11'(//1
P 13 Immunohistochemical Detection of Macrophages and 54
Myolibroblasts in rat Model of Bleomycin-Induced
Scleroderma
Vetlli::.ah Jl/lliO/lto. Cliisa [chikm'(/. Takeshi 1::'<7m. lv[itslirII
Kill'(/11/(/I'll. Jroji 'l(II11ate.
PI4 High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infection in Wild Birds of 56
Korea.
Olin-Kl'Ong 1"'0011. Woo-Hee Park KYlll1g-f~'IIn Lee. In-Soon
Rooh. Moo/1- Yoling Rhyoo. Hl'e-Ryoung Kim. YOII Chan Bae.
O-Soo Lee
P 15 Ganglioneuritis of Indonesian Abalone 57
Dewi Ratill AglIllgprimno. Mm'aI'Sllballgkit. Agus SlIl1al'to
P 16 Canine Multiple Epithelioid Hemangioma in Labial Mucosa 59
Elv!. Lee. A Y. Kil1l. EJ. Lee. BS. Joo. SY. YOII. SY. Han. YH
YOOI1. KS. Jeong
PI7 Histopathological Changes and Apoptosis Detection in Canine 62
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Using Tissue Microarray
Technique
T. Jiranantasak, A. Rungsipipat, S. Disatian
PI8 Case Report: Infectious Canine Hepatitis and Colibacilosis in 65
Malayan Sun Bear (He/arc/os Afalayanlls)
Agustin [ndrm'afi
P 19 Generation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma animal Model in 67
Sparoglle Dmrfey Rats
Aglls Setil'Ol1o. [ndriayzmi Prahastllti. Elpita Br Tarigall.
fJkterono Dlt'i BlI(Zvati. Andi [llama
P 20 Case Report: Ovarian Lipoma in a Dog 70
JH Park A Y. Kim. EJI Lee. sr. YoII. SY. Han. EJ. Lee. BS
.100. AI Mlln. I'll.. Yoon, KS Jeong
P 21 Decreased Myostatin Moves Up Fetal Myogenesis in Somatic 72
Cell Nuclear Transferred Dog
EJ. Lee, JK. Park. A Y. Kim. EAt Lee. Sr. ron. sr. Hall. YH
Yoon. BS .100. JH Park. AI. AlII, KS Jeong
7. P 22 Ceruminous Adenocarcinoma with Psammoma Bodies in 75
External Auditory Canal of a Dog
A Y Kim, E/v1 Lee, SY YOIl, SY Han, YR. Yoon. KS Jeong
P 23 Production and Characterization of Plyclonal Anti Domain-I 78
Alpha-Fetoprotein Antibody
AglIs Setiro/lo, Elpita BI' Tarigan, IlldriaYlini Pralwsfufi. ,
Akferono Dwl Blldmfi, Andi Ufallla
P 24 Pesticide Poisoning in Korean Wild Birds from 2008 to 20 II 81
OIlI1-Kl'o/lllg Moon, Moon- rOllng Rhyoo, Kyung-Hl'lIl1 Lee, In
Soon Roh. Woo-Hee Park, Dong-GYII Kim, Jin- YOllllg Shin,
HYIlI1-Jeong Kl1'li/l, Clwe-III; Lim, O-Soo Lee
P 25 The Effect of Blackseed (Nigel!([ satim) Oil Extracts on Mice 82
(Mus musculus) Testicle Histopathology,
A, Rahllli, D,R, AglI!1gpr(I'0I10, S Estllnlllgsiit
P 26 Splenic Angiomyxoma in a Dog: The First Reported Case 85
BS, Jo, A Y Kim, Elf Lee, SY YOll, SY. Hcm, EJ. Lee, JR.
Park. AL MIIII, YR. YOOII, KS Jeong
P27 A Case of Hemangiosarcoma in a Jindo Dog H7
AL M'III, A Y. Kim, EM Lee, SY. YoII, St'. Han. fJ Lee, BS.
JO(), JR. Pork. KS Jeong
P 28 Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Young Korean
Black Goat (Capra itirclIs) in Korea
KI'II/Ig-Hmn Lee, In-Sool1 Roil, Woo-Hee Park. MoolI- YOllllg
R!tl'Oo, YOlIlIg-JOOII Ko, JOllg-Hl'eoll Pork, OIlIl-KnJllng Moo/l,
O-Soo Lee
P 29 Acute Severe Melena Caused by Salmonella Paratyphii C 90
Infection in Javan Slow Loris Nycticebus Javanicus (A Case
Report)
[//fall Citronillgplltri, S//(/rlllilli JP, Kat/"e/e {S, rVendi P
P 30 A Case of Bacterial Septicaemia in a Malayan Tapir (Tapirlls 92
indiclls)
Sr/'(/lIlo, S, S//(//,il"lldill, :'vI. ZWllri-Saad
P 31 Effect of Garlic (Allilllll sol/mill L) to the Immunity of Carp 94
Fish (Cl'prillllS (,lII1)io) Infected by EdH'ordsiel/a tonfa
Kllmi({sih, Sya/'itiu/din Toto
The Application of Immunohistochemistry to Detect Prion 96
Protein (Prp) of B(m'lIe Spongitiml/ El7cepjaiopafhy (BS E) in
Feedlot Cattle to Anticipate BSE Emergence in Indonesia
Rilli /)unwyanti
P 33 Mammary Adenocarcinoma with Pan-Cytokeratin and Alpha 98
Estrogen Recepto Immunohistochemical Detection in Captive
African Hedgehog (AtelerJ~,( a/hit'ellf!'is)
K(/tr~'a ClwnkOlI', KOlllkiell' Pinpimai, Poison Tiellt/wi,
Nopadul1 Pirarof.
P 34 The Suspect Atlatoxicosis in Toxicity Case Caused by 100
Aspergillus Fungi
WohYllni, Hadi PUrl/WIIO ~f/,
P 35 Gross Pathology Report of a Wild-Born Captive Sumatran 102
Rhino (Dicerorhinlls Sli17W frellSis ), Torgamba
DR. Agul7gpr~l'OlIo, AI Suhangkil, S. EStlll1illgsih, D, Condra,
4ndricll1syah
P 36 Pulmonary Lesions of an Aged Sumatran Rhinoceros 105
Wilrin Wil7o!'sih, Vetni::ah Junianto, DeH'i Rati"
Agungpn)'Ono, Dac/wl D. SlIbrata.
P 37 Widespread Fibrosis Due to Uremia in an Aged Sumatran 107
Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinlls slIl1Iatrensis)
Vetni:;ah JlIl1ianfo, Aglis Selil'Ono, BalJlbong Pontjo
Priosoer}'anto, Al1drial1s~'{/h
8. PANCREATIC BETA CELLS EVALUATION AFTER TREATED
BY Plwleria macrocarpa (Mahkota Dewa) FRUIT EXTRACT IN DIABETIC MONKEY
E. Sulistiawati I. H. Supartol
•
2
, M. Bintang1
, 1. Indraswaril, S.A. Prabandari
l
Iprimate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University
'Department ofChemistry and 3Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science,
Bogor Agricultural University
Keyword: Phaleria macrocarpa, Diebetes Mdlitus. ,/acaca/ascicularis
Introduction
Phaleria macrocarpa, is a medicinal plants
originated from Papua. Empirically, it is capable to
control arious health problems including diabetes
mellitus. There is growing evidence that excess
generation of highly reactive free radicals largely
due to oxidative stress (hyperglycemia) causing
increase blood level. This further exacerbates the
development and progression of diabetes and its
complications. Based on previous studies, Phaleria
macrocarpa contained antioxidant of phenolic
glycoside (Oshimi, et al., 2008) and lignans
pinoresinol, lariciresinol, and matairesinol (Saufi et
aI, 2008). The aim of this study was to evaluate the
numhcr of heta cell pancreas and to detect antigen
antihody reaction of ~ cells after treated Phaleria
macrocarpa fruit extract in diabetic monkey (DM)
induccd with streptozotocin (STZ).
Materials and Methods
Pancreatic tissues from fifteen diabetic adults
male Macaca fascicularis were collected at
necropsy and preserved in 4% paraformaldehyde as
fixative solution. Each pancreatic tissues were
trimmcd at three difTercnt areas; caput, corpus and
cauda, processed for immunohistochemical
staining, then evaluated and calculated under
microscope. Monkeys werc induced by single
intravenous injection of STZ (55 mg/kg BW) to be
DM. All DM were divided randomly into threc
groups (n = 5 anilllals). First group, DM treated
only with distilled water as control, second and
third groups were treated with Phaleria
macrocarpa fruit extract of 1000 and 500 mg/kg
BW, respcctively. All experimental procedure on
theses animals were conducted in compliance with
the guideline estahlished hy the Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee.
Results
Pancreatic l3 cells of the Langerhans Islets
distributed randomly in three different areas, caput,
corpus, and cauda pancreas. The mean of number l3
cells on the caput pancreas of the control DM was
higher than both of treated DM group. While the
mean of the number l3 cells on the corpus and cauda
pancreas of DM which had received extract of 500
mg/kgBW was higher than the control and animals
with 1000 mg/kgI3W (Figure. 1).
Immunohistochemical staining method showed
various color intensity which depends on the
concentration of antigen-antibody binding, tissue
preparation and other factors. In this study, the
hrown color intensity indicated the amount of
insulin that sccreted by pancreatic l3 cells. Factors
afTccting the color intensity of the antibody-antigen
binding specificity closely related to the
concentration of primary antibody used in the
process. Optimization of anti-insulin concentration
was performed and revealed that the concentration
of I: 1500 'as the optimal concentration with
unstained background. supported by Gobel (20 II).
I3ascd on the data of the color intensity of
pancreatic ~ cell evaluation, the caput pancreas of
the control DM had the lowest of color intensity
compared to both treated groups. Corpus and cauda
areas of animals treated with 500 mg/kg BW
showed highcr intensity compared to the other
groups (Figure 2).
Disscussion
Detection of pancreatic l3 cells in Langerhans
Islet hy immunohistochemistry indicate the
presence of ~ cell damage in diabetes mellitus.
Pancreatic tissue of untreated animals had lowest
pancreatic l3 Ct~11 compared to treated animals. This
may he caused hy ad'anced ~ cell damaged due to
cytotoxic cffect of STZ. Glucose uptake through
glucose transporters (GLUT-2) caused the STZ into
~ cdls, resulting in DNA alkylation. DNA was
fi'agmented so that activating poly (ADP-ribose)
synthetase, the enzyme that polymerizes to form
the ADP-rihose poly (ADP-ribose), and activation
uf the ATP and NAD+ reduction. Decreased
production of ATP and NAD+ led to the opening of
K+ channels and the plasma membrane
hyperpolarization. Furthermore, closure of the gate
voltage reduced Ca2
+ concentration and insulin
secretion resulting in l3 cell death (Elsner et al.
2000).
9. 1000 500
Group
• Caput
• Corpus
'" Cauda
Control
Figure I Mean of the number of p cells on
three different areas of pancreas by
immuno histochemical staining
evaluation
Fruit extract improved total number of p cell,
modestly higher in the lowest dosage (500 mglkg
BW). This was supported by Supa-rlo CI 01. (20 I0),
that Phaleria macrocarpa tj'uit e;;tract increased
insulin secretion on diabetic cynomolgus monkeys.
This fruit extract was already available in the
market with dosage of 500 mg/capsule. It revealed
that dose of 500 mg/kgBW was more appropriate
to improve hyperglycemic condition or to reduce
blood glucose leve!'
Pancreatic pcells distribution in three different
areas of untreated animals showed that the caput
and the corpus pancreas had higher pcells than the
cauda pancreas. In the highest dosage, the corpus
area showed higher numbers of Pcells than in the
caput and caudal pancreas. Total number of pcells
for the lowest dosage showed higher number in the
corpus and the cauda compared to caput pancreas.
This result 'was supported by Oahmiarti (2000), that
the distribution of diabetic pancreas pcells located
at the periphery of thc islets of Langerhans.
However, according to Sundler and Harkanson
(1988), P cell distribution diflcred from each
species and the composition of the islets of
Langerhans dif1ered from each area of the
pancreas. The Langerhans islets located in the
cauda pancreas seemed II) has tendency to be more
numerous.
The color intensity of pancreatic p cells were
highest in treated animal with 500 mg/kg BW. This
result was also indicated by increasing in the
number of pancreatic Pcells. J dark brown color
on the Langcrhans Islets was resulted from the
aflinity of anti-insulin with high insulin and vice
versa. Affinity of antibody was the strength of the
bond of a side of antibody binding (paratop) with
antigenic detenninants (epitopes) (Vara 2005). So,
it can be stated that the number of pancreatic ~ cells
,vas directly proportional to the color intensity
obtained from the reaction of antigen and antibody
binding by immunohistochemical staining methods.
Conclusion
Phaleria marcocarpa fruit extract with dosage
of 500 mglkgBW orallY was the best dose to
improve pancreatic beta cells damage in DM.
3
.-5'
a 2
'" • Caput
5
.5
• corpus1
"0 IliiCaudau
.
0
'r~--~r~""'-~
-
Control 1000 500
Group
Figure 2 Mean ofthe color intensity of Pcells
on three different area of pancreas
by immuno histochemical staining
evaluation
Acknowledgement
This study was partly supported by the Ministry
of Research and Technology fund (RT2009-1388)
and partly by internal research funds of Primate
Research Center of Bogor Agricultural University.
References
Elsner M. Guldbakke B. Tledge M, Munday R,
Len:aen S. 2000. Relative importance of transport
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20 II J.
