This document discusses pain disorder and hypochondriasis. Pain disorder is classified as a mental disorder because psychological factors play an important role in pain. It can cause negative cognition, inactivity, increased pain, insomnia, disrupted relationships, and depression/anxiety. Treatment includes antidepressants, analgesics, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Hypochondriasis is excessive worry about illness despite medical reassurance. It affects men and women equally and commonly appears in people aged 20-30. Treatment focuses on cognitive therapy, exposure therapy, and stress management. Pharmacotherapy may help if an underlying condition is present. Both disorders can cause relationship, work, and financial problems if left untreated.

1. PRESENTED BY
UJJWAL SHARMA
M.Sc. NURSING 2ND YEAR
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

2.  Pain disorder is one of the several somatoform disorders.
Pain disorder is classified as a mental disorder because
psychological factors play an important role in the onset,
severity, worsening or maintenance of pain.

3.  negative or distorted cognition,
such as feeling helpless or hopeless with
respect to pain and its management
 inactivity, passivity, and/or disability
 increased pain requiring clinical intervention
 insomnia and fatigue
 disrupted social relationships at home, work, or school
 depression and/or anxiety

4.  A psychiatrist will ask some questions and will
make the decision.
 The psychiatrist will determine the cause of the
pain and/or the severity of the pain.
 They will also determine
whether the pain is acute
or chronic.

5.  Medicine: Antidepressants,
Analgesics
 The treatment may change
according to the severity of the pain.
 Acute pain- goal is to relieve pain with
 medicine
 Chronic pain-combination of medicine and
therapy

6.  Cognitive-behavioral therapy
 Other Treatments: Acupuncture, Transcutaneous
Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Trigger Point
Injections, Massage, Nerve Blocks,
Surgical Ablation (Removal Of A Part or
Pathway), Meditation, Exercise, Yoga, Music And
Art Therapy.

7.  Hypochondriasis or Hypochondria refers to excessive
worry about having serious illness. The belief and fear of
serious illness which lasts for six months, beyond and
despite medical reassurance.

8.  Men and women are equally affected by
hypochondriasis
 Onset of symptoms occur at any age, the disorder
most commonly appears in person 20-30 years of
age.

9.  Beliefs: may have a difficult time tolerating uncertainty
over uncomfortable or unusual body sensations
 Family: may be more likely to have health anxiety if
someone had parents who worried too much about their
own health or their child’s health.
 Past experience: may have had experience with serious
illness in childhood, so physical sensations may be
frightening.

10.  Being preoccupied with having or getting a serious
disease or health condition
 Worrying that minor symptoms
or body sensations of having a serious illness
 Worrying excessively about a specific medical
condition or risk of developing a medical condition
because it runs in the family

11.  Repeatedly checking body for signs of illness or disease
 Frequently making medical appointments for
reassurance or avoiding medical care for fear of being
diagnosed with a serious illness
 Avoiding people, places or activities for fear of health
risks
 Constantly talking about health and possible illnesses

12.  The course of hypochondriasis is usually episodic:
the episodes from last months to years
 A good prognosis associated with high
socioeconomic status, treatment responsive anxiety
and depression, sudden onset of symptoms, the
absence of personality disorder and the absence of a
related non-psychiatric medical condition.

13.  Cognitive therapy
 Exposure and response
prevention
 Behavioral stress Management
 Group psychotherapy
 Pharmacotherapy alleviate :-
hypochondrial symptoms only
when a patient has an
underlying drug-responsive
condition.

14. 0 Relationship or family problems because excessive worrying
can frustrate others
0 Work-related performance problems or excessive absences
0 Problems functioning in daily life, possibly even resulting in
disability
0 Financial problems due to excessive health care visits and
medical bills
0 Having another mental health disorder, such as somatic
symptom disorder, other anxiety disorders, depression or a
personality disorder

15. THANK
YOU