Somatic symptom disorder is a mental illness that causes distressing physical symptoms without a clear medical cause. Treatment focuses on improving daily functioning rather than just symptoms, and may include therapy, stress reduction, and addressing any underlying mental health conditions. Hypochondriasis involves a persistent fear of having a serious illness despite reassurance. Illness anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about personal health without clear physical symptoms. These somatic symptom disorders can be chronic and difficult to treat, often requiring therapy and management of anxiety.
This document provides an overview of somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and related conditions. It describes somatoform disorders as involving physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically and are often described dramatically. Specific somatoform disorders discussed include conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, and factitious disorder. Conversion disorder involves neurological symptoms from psychological stress. Hypochondriasis involves excessive health concerns. Factitious disorder involves feigning or inducing illness for secondary gain. Dissociative disorders disrupt consciousness and arise as a defense against trauma. Treatment involves psychotherapy and anxiolytics or antidepressants depending on the condition.
Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Common symptoms include pain, nausea, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on developing a supportive patient-practitioner relationship and psychotherapy to help patients understand psychological factors contributing to their symptoms.
The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms.
Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control.
In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families. They generally interfere with school, home life, and peer relationships. These youngsters are more likely to be considered sickly or health impaired by parents and caretakers, to be absent from school, and to perform poorly in academics. Somatization is often associated temporarily with psychosocial stress and can persist even after the acute stressor has resolved, resulting in the belief by the child and his or her family that the correct medical diagnosis has not yet been found. Thus, patients and families may continue to seek repeated medical treatment after being informed that no acute physical illness has been found and that the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition. When somatization occurs in the context of a physical illness, it is identified by symptoms that go beyond the expected pathophysiology of the physical illness.
Recurrent complaints often present as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas to the primary care practitioner (PCP) who is trying to make sense of these symptoms. The PCP may feel poorly prepared and/or may have little time to assess or treat the somatic concerns. While the more disabling somatic complaints are more likely to be referred to a mental health professional, these youngsters presenting with these disabling physical symptoms bridge both medical and psychological domains and present a puzzling quandary for professionals from either field if working with them alone. [3] The nature of these symptoms requires an integrated medical and psychiatric treatment approach to successfully decrease the impairment caused by these disorders.
This document discusses somatoform disorders and provides an overview of key topics including:
- Definitions and objectives of understanding somatoform disorders
- Examples of specific disorders like somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, and conversion disorder
- The case of "Ms. A" who has persistent medical complaints and seeks further diagnostic testing
- Distinguishing somatoform disorders from conditions like malingering and factitious disorders
- Management strategies like explaining the chronic nature of symptoms and exploring their impact on a patient's life
This document discusses somatoform and dissociative disorders as defined in the DSM-IV. Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical factors and are thought to be linked to psychological issues. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in consciousness, memory, identity or perception. The document provides overviews of specific disorders including their defining features, causes, prevalence and treatment approaches. These include conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis and dissociative disorders like dissociative identity disorder.
Schizophrenia is a group of psychoses affecting young adults that causes changes in behavior, perception, thoughts and emotions. It has a prevalence of 0.5-1% globally. Genetics plays a role, with a higher risk for those with a family history. Environmental factors like family dynamics, stress, drugs and infections during pregnancy may also contribute. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychosocial support, rehabilitation and family education. Outcomes vary, with about 30% making a good recovery and 30% remaining handicapped long-term.
This document provides an overview of somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and related conditions. It describes somatoform disorders as involving physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained medically and are often described dramatically. Specific somatoform disorders discussed include conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, and factitious disorder. Conversion disorder involves neurological symptoms from psychological stress. Hypochondriasis involves excessive health concerns. Factitious disorder involves feigning or inducing illness for secondary gain. Dissociative disorders disrupt consciousness and arise as a defense against trauma. Treatment involves psychotherapy and anxiolytics or antidepressants depending on the condition.
Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Common symptoms include pain, nausea, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on developing a supportive patient-practitioner relationship and psychotherapy to help patients understand psychological factors contributing to their symptoms.
The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms.
Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control.
In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families. They generally interfere with school, home life, and peer relationships. These youngsters are more likely to be considered sickly or health impaired by parents and caretakers, to be absent from school, and to perform poorly in academics. Somatization is often associated temporarily with psychosocial stress and can persist even after the acute stressor has resolved, resulting in the belief by the child and his or her family that the correct medical diagnosis has not yet been found. Thus, patients and families may continue to seek repeated medical treatment after being informed that no acute physical illness has been found and that the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition. When somatization occurs in the context of a physical illness, it is identified by symptoms that go beyond the expected pathophysiology of the physical illness.
Recurrent complaints often present as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas to the primary care practitioner (PCP) who is trying to make sense of these symptoms. The PCP may feel poorly prepared and/or may have little time to assess or treat the somatic concerns. While the more disabling somatic complaints are more likely to be referred to a mental health professional, these youngsters presenting with these disabling physical symptoms bridge both medical and psychological domains and present a puzzling quandary for professionals from either field if working with them alone. [3] The nature of these symptoms requires an integrated medical and psychiatric treatment approach to successfully decrease the impairment caused by these disorders.
This document discusses somatoform disorders and provides an overview of key topics including:
- Definitions and objectives of understanding somatoform disorders
- Examples of specific disorders like somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, and conversion disorder
- The case of "Ms. A" who has persistent medical complaints and seeks further diagnostic testing
- Distinguishing somatoform disorders from conditions like malingering and factitious disorders
- Management strategies like explaining the chronic nature of symptoms and exploring their impact on a patient's life
This document discusses somatoform and dissociative disorders as defined in the DSM-IV. Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical factors and are thought to be linked to psychological issues. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in consciousness, memory, identity or perception. The document provides overviews of specific disorders including their defining features, causes, prevalence and treatment approaches. These include conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis and dissociative disorders like dissociative identity disorder.
Schizophrenia is a group of psychoses affecting young adults that causes changes in behavior, perception, thoughts and emotions. It has a prevalence of 0.5-1% globally. Genetics plays a role, with a higher risk for those with a family history. Environmental factors like family dynamics, stress, drugs and infections during pregnancy may also contribute. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychosocial support, rehabilitation and family education. Outcomes vary, with about 30% making a good recovery and 30% remaining handicapped long-term.
psychiatry.Somatoform disorders animation part i.(dr.nzar)student
Somatoform disorders involve patients who believe their suffering comes from undiagnosed physical issues. This document discusses somatization disorder specifically. It is characterized by multiple medically unexplained symptoms affecting multiple body systems. Factors associated with somatization disorder include abuse history, depression, and high levels of somatization. Both physical and sexual abuse history are independently linked to increased gastric sensitivity. Physical abuse history and somatization are also independently associated with slower gastric emptying. Psychological processes may influence gastric function through brain-gut pathways.
Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms, which suggest medical diseases, but without organic pathology to support the illness.
It refers to all mechanisms by which anxiety is translated into physical illness.
Somatoform disorders include somatization disorder.
somatoform disorders are characterized by persistent requests for medical attention because of physical complaints that cannot be sufficiently explained by medical causes.
This document discusses somatoform disorders, which are psychiatric disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. It defines several types of somatoform disorders, including somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. It provides diagnostic criteria and characteristics of each disorder. It also discusses approaches to diagnosis, treatment involving CBT and referral to mental health professionals, and follow-up care.
The document discusses dissociative disorders, which involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception, and describes several major types including dissociative amnesia, fugue, identity disorder and depersonalization disorder. It outlines the diagnostic criteria for these disorders according to the DSM and notes that dissociative disorders are often caused by trauma, especially childhood abuse or an unpredictable home environment, and can be treated with therapies like art or cognitive therapy as well as medication.
Dissociative Disorders, Somatoform and Related DisordersMingMing Davis
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in memory, awareness, identity or perception. The main dissociative disorders discussed are Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder), Dissociative Amnesia, and Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder. Somatic symptom and related disorders involve physical symptoms that have no medical explanation and cause significant distress or impairment. The main types discussed are Illness Anxiety Disorder, Conversion Disorder, Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions, and Factitious Disorder.
Somatiform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be explained physically. They result from psychological factors and cause significant impairment. The disorders include somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, somatoform autonomic dysfunction, and persistent somatoform pain disorder. Treatment involves ruling out physical causes, evaluating psychological stressors, and using antidepressants, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies to help patients develop more effective coping strategies.
Vascular dementia is caused by brain damage from cerebrovascular disease and impaired blood flow to the brain. It has several subtypes depending on the location and size of lesions in the brain. Risk factors include uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and history of stroke. Symptoms vary depending on the subtype but can include memory loss, slowed processing speed, mood changes like depression or anxiety, and problems with motor skills. Evaluation involves assessing cognitive abilities, neurological exam, and brain imaging to identify areas of damaged tissue. Treatment focuses on managing underlying risk factors to prevent further damage and addressing behavioral and psychological symptoms.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), a personality disorder is an "enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment."
Because these disorders are chronic and pervasive, they can lead to serious impairments in daily life and functioning.
Different Disorders have been discussed.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation. To be diagnosed, at least five symptoms must be present in the week before a woman's period starts, improve within a few days after her period begins, and be minimal or absent the week after. These symptoms include mood swings, irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, decreased interest in activities, difficulty concentrating, easy fatigability, appetite changes, and sleep disturbances. Effective treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy for women also experiencing seasonal affective disorder, and medication.
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
This document summarizes dissociative disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and types. Dissociative disorders often develop as a coping mechanism for childhood trauma and result in a disturbance of identity and memory. The main types discussed are dissociative amnesia, characterized by memory loss; dissociative fugue, involving sudden travel away from one's surroundings; and dissociative identity disorder, previously called multiple personality disorder, defined by switching between alternate identities. Biological and neurological factors as well as family dynamics can contribute to dissociative disorders developing in response to trauma.
obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCD)mamtabisht10
This document provides information about obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders. It discusses OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder and their symptoms. It also covers the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of OCD, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, ECT and self-help strategies. Nursing management focuses on reducing anxiety and compulsive behaviors, improving role performance and sleep disturbances. Related disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hair pulling disorder and skin picking disorder are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of delusional disorder, including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, course, prognosis, and treatment. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions without hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. It has a prevalence of about 0.03% and typically onset in middle age. The cause is unknown but may involve biological and psychosocial factors. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and sometimes hospitalization. Prognosis is generally stable but depends on factors like age of onset and delusional type.
Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic Disordersguestd889da58
This document provides information on delirium and dementia:
- Delirium is characterized by a rapid deterioration in higher cognitive functions, fluctuating mental status, and symptoms that last hours to days. Common causes include age over 60, drug or alcohol use, and prior brain injuries.
- Dementia involves impaired social or occupational functioning and impaired memory plus deficits in other cognitive domains. It is not the same as Alzheimer's disease but can be caused by conditions like Alzheimer's.
- Symptoms of dementia include disrupted sleep, wandering, and aggressive behavior in some patients. The prevalence of dementia increases significantly with age.
Conversion disorder, formerly known as hysteria, is a mental disorder where psychological stress manifests as physical symptoms without an underlying medical cause. Common symptoms include paralysis, blindness, tremors, and seizures. It is thought to be caused by stress, trauma, family history, and other psychiatric conditions. Treatment involves psychotherapy, counseling, hypnosis, and sometimes antidepressants or antipsychotics to address the underlying psychological factors. Prognosis is generally good, with most patients' initial symptoms resolving within a month, though some may experience recurring episodes during periods of future stress.
Delusional disorders and acute & transient psychosis are types of non-organic psychosis. Delusional disorders involve long-standing non-bizarre delusions for at least 3 months in disorders like somatic, persecutory, grandiose, jealous, and erotomanic types. Acute & transient psychotic disorders have an abrupt onset of symptoms within 2 weeks, and include disorders with polymorphic symptoms, schizophrenia-like symptoms, or predominantly delusional features. Both conditions are treated primarily with antipsychotics and psychotherapy, with good prognosis in many cases of acute & transient psychosis but a chronic course in some delusional disorders.
This document discusses somatization disorder, including its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Somatization disorder involves a person experiencing physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, and it affects their daily functioning. Treatment involves developing a trusting doctor-patient relationship, avoiding unnecessary medical tests, and utilizing psychotherapy and lifestyle changes like exercise to help manage stress and underlying mental health conditions. The prognosis is generally improved with a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Dissociative disorders & conversion disordersULLEKH P G
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in how a person integrates their thoughts, memory, identity, and perception of the environment. Common types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, trance/possession disorders, and conversion disorder. These disorders often develop as a result of trauma or abuse during childhood and involve defense mechanisms like repression and dissociation. People with dissociative disorders experience symptoms like memory loss, identity confusion, anesthesia or paralysis without physical cause, and lack of conscious control over their own behavior. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help people process the underlying traumatic experiences and integrate their sense of self.
The document discusses somatoform disorders, which are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Patients express psychological conflicts through bodily symptoms unconsciously. Common somatoform disorders include conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. Treatment involves developing coping skills, increasing awareness of emotional factors, relaxation techniques, medication for comorbid conditions, and focusing on functioning rather than physical symptoms.
MY DEAR COLLEAGUES HERE IS MY LITTLE INITIATIVE TO HELP U ALL PRESENTING INFRONT OF YOU THE TOPIC SOMATOFORM DISORDER, IT IS VERY ESSENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHIATRY........
psychiatry.Somatoform disorders animation part i.(dr.nzar)student
Somatoform disorders involve patients who believe their suffering comes from undiagnosed physical issues. This document discusses somatization disorder specifically. It is characterized by multiple medically unexplained symptoms affecting multiple body systems. Factors associated with somatization disorder include abuse history, depression, and high levels of somatization. Both physical and sexual abuse history are independently linked to increased gastric sensitivity. Physical abuse history and somatization are also independently associated with slower gastric emptying. Psychological processes may influence gastric function through brain-gut pathways.
Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms, which suggest medical diseases, but without organic pathology to support the illness.
It refers to all mechanisms by which anxiety is translated into physical illness.
Somatoform disorders include somatization disorder.
somatoform disorders are characterized by persistent requests for medical attention because of physical complaints that cannot be sufficiently explained by medical causes.
This document discusses somatoform disorders, which are psychiatric disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. It defines several types of somatoform disorders, including somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. It provides diagnostic criteria and characteristics of each disorder. It also discusses approaches to diagnosis, treatment involving CBT and referral to mental health professionals, and follow-up care.
The document discusses dissociative disorders, which involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception, and describes several major types including dissociative amnesia, fugue, identity disorder and depersonalization disorder. It outlines the diagnostic criteria for these disorders according to the DSM and notes that dissociative disorders are often caused by trauma, especially childhood abuse or an unpredictable home environment, and can be treated with therapies like art or cognitive therapy as well as medication.
Dissociative Disorders, Somatoform and Related DisordersMingMing Davis
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in memory, awareness, identity or perception. The main dissociative disorders discussed are Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder), Dissociative Amnesia, and Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder. Somatic symptom and related disorders involve physical symptoms that have no medical explanation and cause significant distress or impairment. The main types discussed are Illness Anxiety Disorder, Conversion Disorder, Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions, and Factitious Disorder.
Somatiform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be explained physically. They result from psychological factors and cause significant impairment. The disorders include somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, somatoform autonomic dysfunction, and persistent somatoform pain disorder. Treatment involves ruling out physical causes, evaluating psychological stressors, and using antidepressants, psychotherapy, and alternative therapies to help patients develop more effective coping strategies.
Vascular dementia is caused by brain damage from cerebrovascular disease and impaired blood flow to the brain. It has several subtypes depending on the location and size of lesions in the brain. Risk factors include uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and history of stroke. Symptoms vary depending on the subtype but can include memory loss, slowed processing speed, mood changes like depression or anxiety, and problems with motor skills. Evaluation involves assessing cognitive abilities, neurological exam, and brain imaging to identify areas of damaged tissue. Treatment focuses on managing underlying risk factors to prevent further damage and addressing behavioral and psychological symptoms.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), a personality disorder is an "enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment."
Because these disorders are chronic and pervasive, they can lead to serious impairments in daily life and functioning.
Different Disorders have been discussed.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation. To be diagnosed, at least five symptoms must be present in the week before a woman's period starts, improve within a few days after her period begins, and be minimal or absent the week after. These symptoms include mood swings, irritability, depressed mood, anxiety, decreased interest in activities, difficulty concentrating, easy fatigability, appetite changes, and sleep disturbances. Effective treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy for women also experiencing seasonal affective disorder, and medication.
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
This document summarizes dissociative disorders, including their causes, symptoms, and types. Dissociative disorders often develop as a coping mechanism for childhood trauma and result in a disturbance of identity and memory. The main types discussed are dissociative amnesia, characterized by memory loss; dissociative fugue, involving sudden travel away from one's surroundings; and dissociative identity disorder, previously called multiple personality disorder, defined by switching between alternate identities. Biological and neurological factors as well as family dynamics can contribute to dissociative disorders developing in response to trauma.
obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCD)mamtabisht10
This document provides information about obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders. It discusses OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder and their symptoms. It also covers the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of OCD, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, ECT and self-help strategies. Nursing management focuses on reducing anxiety and compulsive behaviors, improving role performance and sleep disturbances. Related disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hair pulling disorder and skin picking disorder are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of delusional disorder, including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, course, prognosis, and treatment. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions without hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. It has a prevalence of about 0.03% and typically onset in middle age. The cause is unknown but may involve biological and psychosocial factors. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and sometimes hospitalization. Prognosis is generally stable but depends on factors like age of onset and delusional type.
Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic Disordersguestd889da58
This document provides information on delirium and dementia:
- Delirium is characterized by a rapid deterioration in higher cognitive functions, fluctuating mental status, and symptoms that last hours to days. Common causes include age over 60, drug or alcohol use, and prior brain injuries.
- Dementia involves impaired social or occupational functioning and impaired memory plus deficits in other cognitive domains. It is not the same as Alzheimer's disease but can be caused by conditions like Alzheimer's.
- Symptoms of dementia include disrupted sleep, wandering, and aggressive behavior in some patients. The prevalence of dementia increases significantly with age.
Conversion disorder, formerly known as hysteria, is a mental disorder where psychological stress manifests as physical symptoms without an underlying medical cause. Common symptoms include paralysis, blindness, tremors, and seizures. It is thought to be caused by stress, trauma, family history, and other psychiatric conditions. Treatment involves psychotherapy, counseling, hypnosis, and sometimes antidepressants or antipsychotics to address the underlying psychological factors. Prognosis is generally good, with most patients' initial symptoms resolving within a month, though some may experience recurring episodes during periods of future stress.
Delusional disorders and acute & transient psychosis are types of non-organic psychosis. Delusional disorders involve long-standing non-bizarre delusions for at least 3 months in disorders like somatic, persecutory, grandiose, jealous, and erotomanic types. Acute & transient psychotic disorders have an abrupt onset of symptoms within 2 weeks, and include disorders with polymorphic symptoms, schizophrenia-like symptoms, or predominantly delusional features. Both conditions are treated primarily with antipsychotics and psychotherapy, with good prognosis in many cases of acute & transient psychosis but a chronic course in some delusional disorders.
This document discusses somatization disorder, including its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Somatization disorder involves a person experiencing physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, and it affects their daily functioning. Treatment involves developing a trusting doctor-patient relationship, avoiding unnecessary medical tests, and utilizing psychotherapy and lifestyle changes like exercise to help manage stress and underlying mental health conditions. The prognosis is generally improved with a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Dissociative disorders & conversion disordersULLEKH P G
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in how a person integrates their thoughts, memory, identity, and perception of the environment. Common types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, trance/possession disorders, and conversion disorder. These disorders often develop as a result of trauma or abuse during childhood and involve defense mechanisms like repression and dissociation. People with dissociative disorders experience symptoms like memory loss, identity confusion, anesthesia or paralysis without physical cause, and lack of conscious control over their own behavior. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help people process the underlying traumatic experiences and integrate their sense of self.
The document discusses somatoform disorders, which are characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Patients express psychological conflicts through bodily symptoms unconsciously. Common somatoform disorders include conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. Treatment involves developing coping skills, increasing awareness of emotional factors, relaxation techniques, medication for comorbid conditions, and focusing on functioning rather than physical symptoms.
MY DEAR COLLEAGUES HERE IS MY LITTLE INITIATIVE TO HELP U ALL PRESENTING INFRONT OF YOU THE TOPIC SOMATOFORM DISORDER, IT IS VERY ESSENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHIATRY........
chronic health issues are common, they are also a substantial risk factor for poor mental health and reduced quality of life.
poor mental health can increase the risk of disability, poor treatment compliance, and mortality.
Brain fag syndrome,hypochondriasis and conversion disorderDr.Emmanuel Godwin
Brain fag syndrome,hypochondriasis and conversion disorder are forms of somatoform disorder....This are disorders that present with Physical symptoms with an unexplained cause.
This document discusses psychosomatic medicine, which explores the relationships between social, psychological, and behavioral factors on physical health and quality of life. It addresses how patients often present somatic symptoms to doctors without an identifiable organic cause, which can be distressing for both parties. Psychosomatic medicine aims to understand these medically unexplained symptoms and how to best assess and treat the underlying psychological issues like depression or anxiety that may be contributing. Common conditions include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, and factitious disorder. The document examines the role of doctors in responding to patients' concerns and avoiding unnecessary or risky medical interventions when no underlying disease is found.
This document discusses psychosomatic medicine, which explores the relationships between social, psychological, and behavioral factors on physical health and quality of life. It addresses how patients often present somatic symptoms to doctors without an identifiable organic cause, which can be due to conditions like depression, anxiety, or functional somatic illnesses. The "problem" arises because patients experience symptoms differently than doctors expect to find a diagnosis. While doctors may dismiss symptoms as having nothing wrong, patients still experience distress. Assessing and treating any underlying mental health issues, having tolerance for diagnostic uncertainty, and taking a long-term view of improvements can help doctors in these situations.
Somatic symptom disorder, previously known as hypochondriasis, is characterized by at least six months of preoccupation with fears of having a serious illness based on misinterpreted bodily symptoms. This preoccupation causes significant distress and impairment. While prevalence is 4-6% in medical clinics and up to 15%, diagnosis is more common in blacks than whites and transient in medical students. Etiology may involve focusing on and misinterpreting bodily sensations due to faulty cognitive schemas or using illness as an "escape" from problems. Treatment involves psychotherapy and reassurance through medical exams, while avoiding unnecessary tests or treatments. Prognosis is better with social support, treatment of related disorders, and absence of personality disorders.
TalkToAngel can help with teen depression. TalkToAngel is an online counseling platform that provides access to licensed therapists who specialize in treating mental health issues, including depression. Teen depression is a serious mental health concern that can affect a young person's emotional, social, and academic functioning.
Millions of people worldwide suffer from the mental health illness known as depression. It is marked by enduring melancholy, pessimism, and a lack of interest in once-pleasant pursuits.
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The term “psychosomatic disorder” is mainly used to mean “a physical disease that is thought to be caused, or made worse, by mental factors.” ... For example, chest pain may be caused by stress and no physical disease can be found.
Somatization disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, and are thought to be related to psychological factors. They include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. The symptoms are real but are caused or exacerbated by stress and psychological issues rather than physical pathology. Treatment involves psychotherapy and helping the patient manage stress and recognize psychological contributors to their symptoms.
This document discusses somatic symptom disorders, sexual dysfunctions, and gender dysphoria. It defines somatic symptom disorders as having an excessive response to physical symptoms that are medically unexplained. Specific disorders discussed include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and conversion disorder. Treatment involves cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication management. Sexual dysfunctions involve problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain. Causes can be biological, psychological or sociocultural. Treatment involves sensate focus exercises, medication, and surgery in some cases. Gender dysphoria is discomfort from a mismatch between gender identity and biological sex. Causes may involve brain sex differentiation; treatment involves hormone therapy, surgery, and psychosocial support.
Obsessive compulsive disorder : ocd treatment the balanceAbdullah Boulad
The document provides information about obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment at The Balance rehabilitation center. It discusses what OCD is, how The Balance treats it using a holistic approach incorporating therapies and medical treatment, and an example weekly schedule. It also describes the comprehensive assessment clients receive upon arrival, which includes medical and psychiatric evaluations, laboratory tests, and lifestyle/nutrition assessments to identify physical or mental health issues and underlying causes of symptoms. The goal is to develop personalized treatment plans addressing mind, body and lifestyle factors.
The document discusses several somatoform and somatic symptom disorders from the DSM-IV and DSM-V. It summarizes the key disorders including: somatic symptom disorder, which involves preoccupation with physical symptoms and their severity; conversion disorder, where neurological or sensory symptoms cannot be explained medically and may be psychological in origin; and illness anxiety disorder, previously known as hypochondriasis, involving severe anxiety and worry about having a serious illness. It provides details on diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, clinical features, etiology, course, and treatment approaches for these disorders.
Gambling & gaming addiction treatment the balanceAbdullah Boulad
This document provides information about The Balance's holistic treatment approach for gambling and gaming addiction. It discusses how The Balance uses a combination of therapies to treat the underlying causes of addiction, not just the symptoms. This includes biochemical restoration, trauma programs, complementary therapies like mindfulness, and lifestyle changes. The comprehensive assessment upon a client's arrival involves a full medical and psychiatric evaluation, extensive testing, and identifying physical, mental, nutritional, and lifestyle factors to develop an individualized treatment plan. The goal is to provide lasting behavior change and recovery from addiction.
Somatoform and dissociative disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical conditions. Somatoform disorders include somatization disorder, where patients experience many physical complaints without clear medical causes. Treatment focuses on limiting attention and reinforcement of symptoms, as well as addressing any underlying psychiatric issues. Conversion disorder involves psychological stress converting into physical symptoms like paralysis or seizures. Symptoms often resolve spontaneously with supportive therapy.
The document discusses sex, love, and porn addiction treatment at The Balance rehabilitation center. It provides details on their holistic treatment approach, which incorporates talking therapies, complementary therapies, medical treatments, and lifestyle changes. The goal is to help clients identify underlying causes of addiction, address emotional difficulties, and learn skills to change addictive behaviors long-term. The comprehensive assessment upon arrival includes a full medical checkup, psychiatric evaluation, lifestyle and nutritional analysis, and extensive laboratory tests to identify physical or mental health issues and develop customized treatment plans.
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2. SOMATOFORM DISORDER
SOMATIC SYMPTOM RELATED
DISORDER
UNIT-7
HYPOCHONDRIASIS,SOMATIZATION,PAIN,CONVERSI
ON,BODY DISMORPHIC AND FACTITIOUS DISORDER.
3. Somatic symptom related disorder (SSD formerly known as "somatization disorder" or
"somatoform disorder") is a form of mental illness that causes one or more bodily
symptoms, including pain. It is a group of psychiatric disorders.
The symptoms may or may not be traceable to a physical cause including general
medical conditions, other mental illnesses, or substance abuse. But regardless, they
cause excessive and disproportionate levels of distress.
The symptoms can involve one or more different organs and body systems, such as:
• Pain
• Neurologic problems
• Gastrointestinal complaints
• Sexual symptoms
4. People with SSD are not faking their symptoms. The distress they experience from
pain and other problems they experience are real, regardless of whether or not a
physical explanation can be found, and the distress from symptoms significantly affects
daily functioning.
Doctors need to perform many tests to rule out other possible causes before
diagnosing SSD.
• The diagnosis of SSD can create a lot of stress and frustration for patients.
• They may feel unsatisfied if there's no better physical explanation for their
symptoms or if they are told their level of distress about a physical illness is
excessive.
• Stress often leads patients to become more worried about their health, and this
creates a vicious cycle that can persist for years.
5. TREATMENT
The initial steps in treating somatic symptom related disorders(somatoform disorders) are to consider
and discuss the possibility of the disorder with the patient early in the work-up and, after ruling out
organic pathology as the primary etiology for the symptoms, to confirm the psychiatric diagnosis.
A psychiatric diagnosis should be made only when all criteria are met.
Discussing the diagnosis requires forethought and practice. The delivery of the diagnosis may be
the most important treatment step.
The physician must first build a therapeutic alliance with the patient
This can be partially achieved by acknowledging the patient's discomfort with his or her
unexplained physical symptoms and maintaining a high degree of empathy toward the patient
during all encounters.
6. Therapy
Once the diagnosis is made and the patient accepts the diagnosis and treatment goals, the physician
may treat any psychiatric comorbidities.
Clinically significant depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, and substance abuse
disorder often coexist with somatoform disorders and should be treated concurrently
using appropriate modalities.
Cognitive behavior therapy has been found to be an effective treatment of somatoform disorders
It focuses on cognitive distortions, unrealistic beliefs, worry, and behaviors that promulgate
health anxiety and somatic symptoms.
Collaboration with a mental health professional can be helpful in making the initial diagnosis
of a somatoform disorder, confirming a comorbid diagnosis, and providing treatment
.
Schedule regular, brief follow-up office visits with the patient to provide attention and reassurance.
7. Types in somatic symptom and related disorder are:
1. Somatic symptom disorder(somatization disorder)
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis)
3. Pain Disorder(somatic symptom disorder)
4. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (OCD)
5. Conversion Disorder
6. Factitious disorder
7. Other Specific Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
8. 8. Psychological Factors affecting other medical conditions
9. Unspecified somatic symptom and related disorder
9. Somatic Symptom Disorder (Somatization Disorder)
Diagnostic Criteria 300.82 (F45.1)
A. One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant
disruption of daily life.
B. Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or
associated health concerns as manifested by at least one of the following:
1. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms.
2 Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms.
3 Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.
C. Although any one somatic symptom may not be continuously present, the state of
being symptomatic is persistent (typically more than 6 months).
10. Specify if:
With predominant pain (previously pain disorder): This specified is for
individuals whose somatic symptoms predominantly involve pain.
Specify if:
Persistent: A persistent course is characterized by severe symptoms, marked
impairment, and long duration (more than 6 months).
Specify current severity:
Mild: Only one of the symptoms specified in Criterion B is fulfilled.
Moderate: Two or more of the symptoms specified in Criterion B are fulfilled.
Severe: Two or more of the symptoms specified in Criterion B are fulfilled,
plus there are multiple somatic complaints (or one very severe somatic
symptom)
11. Causes
The exact cause of somatic symptom disorder isn't clear, but any of these factors
may play a role:
• Genetic and biological factors, such as an increased sensitivity to pain.
• Family influence, which may be genetic or environmental, or both.
• Personality trait of negativity, which can impact how you identify and perceive
illness and bodily symptoms, involves negative emotions and poor self-image
• Decreased awareness of or problems processing emotions, causing physical
symptoms to become the focus rather than the emotional issues.
• Learned behavior — for example, the attention or other benefits gained from
having an illness or increasing immobility from pain behaviors and avoidance
of activity.
12. Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorders
Patients who experience SSD may cling to the belief that their symptoms have an
underlying physical cause, despite a lack of evidence for a physical explanation.
If there is a medical condition causing their symptoms, they may not recognize that
the amount of distress they are experiencing or displaying is excessive.
Patients may also dismiss any suggestion that psychiatric factors are playing a role in
their symptoms.
13. A strong doctor-patient relationship is key to getting help with SSD. Seeing a
single health care provider with experience managing SSD can help cut down on
unnecessary tests and treatments.
The focus of treatment is on improving daily functioning, not on managing
symptoms. Stress reduction is often an important part of getting better.
Counseling for family and friends may also be useful.
Cognitive behavioral therapy may help relieve symptoms associated with SSD. The
therapy focuses on correcting:
• Distorted thoughts
• Unrealistic beliefs
14. Hypochondriasis disorder
Hypochondriasis is a persistent fear of having a serious medical illness. A person with this disorder
tends to interpret normal sensations, bodily functions and mild symptoms as a sign of an illness
with a grim outcome.
For example, a person may fear that the normal sounds of digestion, sweating or a mark on the skin
may be a sign of a serious disease.
A person with hypochondriasis may be especially concerned about a particular organ system,
such as the cardiac or digestive systems.
There is a tendency to go from doctor to doctor, looking for one that will confirm the presumed illness.
The patient and the doctors may become frustrated or angry.
15. • Fixation on the fear of having a life-threatening medical condition.
• These patients have a non-delusional preoccupation with their
symptom or symptoms for at least six months before the
diagnosis can be made.
• Prevalence is 2 to7 percent in the primary care outpatient setting.
• There is no consistent differences with respect to age, sex, or cultural factors.
• The predominant characteristic is the fear patients exhibit when discussing their symptoms
(e.g., an exaggerated fear of having acquired human immunodeficiency virus despite
reassurance to the contrary).
16. ETIOLOGY
Some people with this disorder have had a serious illness in the past, commonly during childhood.
Often hypochondriasis starts in young adulthood and can last many years. But it can occur at any age
and in both men and women. Symptoms may become more intense after a stressful event, for example,
the death of a loved one.
Medical illnesses can bring benefits, such as relief from responsibilities along with the attention and
care of family members, friends and doctors. Therefore, sometimes, hypochondriasis is motivated by
these advantages, although the individual is often not aware of that motivation.
Treatment
• Pharmacotherapy
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a type of medication that can help to treat
hypochondriasis.
• Psychotherapy
Research has shown that some treatments can be effective. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has
become a popular option for treating hypochondriasis
17. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (historically known as dysmorphophobia) is a preoccupation with a
defect in appearance. The defect is either imagined, or, if a slight physical anomaly is present,
the individual's concern is markedly excessive.
For example, a woman with a small, flat mole on the shoulder may be so self-conscious of
it that she never wears clothing that would reveal it, avoids all social situations in which it
may be seen by others, and feels others are judging her because of it.
This disorder occurs equally in men and women.
Preoccupation with a real or imagined physical defect is the main
characteristic feature of this disorder.
18. Pain Disorder
Pain disorder is a somatoform disorder, in which a patient experiences chronic pain in
one or more areas that is thought to be caused by psychological stress.
It is characterized by acute or chronic pain with physical symptoms that have no
explained origin and are not the result of another physical illness or substance use.
Some types of mental or emotional problems can cause, increase or prolong pain.
19. • The pain causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational,
or other important areas of functioning.
• Psychological factors are judged to have an important role in the onset, severity, or
maintenance of the pain.
The symptom or deficit is not intentionally produced or feigned (as in Factitious Disorder).
20. ETIOLOGY
Common sites of pain include the back (especially lower back), the head, abdomen, and chest.
Causes of pain vary depending on the site; however, in pain disorder, the severity or duration of
pain or the degree of associated disability is unexplained by observed medical or psychological
problems.
Management
Depending on whether the pain is acute or chronic, management may involve one or more of
the following:
• Pharmacological treatment (medication)- If the pain is acute, the primary goal is to
relieve the pain. Customary agents are acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs).
• Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) reduce pain, improve sleep, ), as well as moderate depression.
21. Psychotherapy (individual or group)
Family, behavioral, physical, hypnosis, and/or occupational therapy. Psychotherapy is less important
for the treatment of acute pain as compared to chronic pain disorder.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
Is used to restore a sense of self-efficacy by educating patients about the pain-and-tension cycle, by
teaching them how to actively manage pain and distress, and by informing them about the therapeutic
effects of their medications.
Operant conditioning
The principles of operant conditioning are taught to the patient and family members so that activity
and non-pain behaviours are reinforced or encouraged. The goal is to eliminate pain behaviours, such
as passivity, inactivity, and over-reliance on medication
22. Conversion Disorder
Conversion disorder is a psychological condition that causes symptoms that appear to be
neurological, such as paralysis, speech impairment, or tremors. It is a relatively rare mental
illness with fewer than 25 cases reported in a population of 100,000, according to the
National Organization for Rare Diseases
There's typically a sudden onset of symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory
function and these symptoms can disappear just as suddenly, without any physiological
reason.
The symptoms can be about any neurological deficit imaginable, including paralysis, loss
of voice (aphonia), disturbances in coordination, temporary blindness, loss of the sense
of smell (anosmia) or touch (anesthesia).
23. Eg-Imagine taking a hard fall off your bike and then not being able to move your arm –
but your arm isn’t injured. Neither is any other part of your body. Is the paralysis all in your head?
YES, it might be. It’s a neurological condition that causes physical symptoms – like a paralyzed arm –
even though doctors can’t find any injury or other physical condition to explain them.
• Single unexplained symptom involving voluntary or sensory functioning
• Patients may present in a dramatic fashion or show a lack of concern for their symptom.
• Onset rarely occurs before age 10 or after 35 years of age.
• Conversion disorder is reported to be more common in rural populations,
persons of lower socioeconomic status, and those with minimal medical or
psychological knowledge.
24. The onset of Conversion Disorder is generally from late childhood to early adulthood, rarely
before age 10 years or after age 35 years, but onset as late as the ninth decade of life has been
reported. Onset has been reported throughout the life course.. The symptoms can be transient
or persistent. The prognosis may be better in younger children than in adolescents and adults.
CAUSE.
• There may be a history of multiple similar somatic symptoms.
• Onset may be associated with stress or trauma, either psychological or physical in nature.
• Maladaptive personality traits are commonly associated with conversion disorder.
• Environmental-There may be a history of childhood abuse and neglect. Stressful life events
are often, but not always, present.
• Genetic and physiological. The presence of neurological disease that causes similar
symptoms is a risk factor (e.g., non-epileptic seizures are more common in patients who also
have epilepsy).
25. TREATMENT
The first line of treatment is to try to identify the underlying cause. Once a person
knows what the cause is, they can work on coping mechanisms and other solutions to
relieve stress and emotional trauma as much as possible. Alleviating the triggers
should, in turn, reduce the physical symptoms.
Suggested treatments for conversion disorder may include:
• Treating any underlying mental health conditions, such as depression
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Psychotherapy
• Relaxation techniques, such as meditation or yoga
• Physical therapy
• Seeking additional support from friends, family, and the community
26. Factitious Disorder.
300.19 (F68.10)
Factitious disorder is a condition in which a person acts as if he or she has an illness
by deliberately producing, feigning , or exaggerating symptoms.
Patients with factitious disorder undertake these tribulations primarily to gain the
emotional care and attention that comes with playing the role of the patient.
In doing so, they practice artifice and art, creating hospital drama that
often causes frustration and dismay.
27. Diagnostic Criteria
• Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or
disease, associated with identified deception.
• The individual presents himself or herself to others as ill, impaired, or injured.
• The deceptive behavior is evident even in the absence of obvious external rewards.
• The individual presents another individual (victim) to others as ill, impaired, or
injured.
• Individuals with factitious disorder might, for example, manipulate a laboratory test
(e.g., by adding blood to urine) to falsely indicate an abnormality; falsify medical
records to indicate an illness; ingest a substance (e.g., insulin or warfarin) to induce an
abnormal laboratory result or illness; or physically injure themselves or induce illness
in themselves or in another.
28. CAUSE
Researchers do not know the exact cause of factitious disorder.
They believe a variety of factors can increase the risk, including: childhood
abuse or neglect ,history of family illness, chronic illness in childhood other
trauma, family dysfunction or social isolation
TREATMENT
• Some people with factitious disorder suffer one or two brief episodes of
symptoms.
• Factitious disorder is a chronic, long term condition that can be very
difficult to treat.
29. Illness Anxiety Disorder ( DSM-5)
Diagnostic Criteria 300.7 (F45.21)
A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.
B. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, are only mild in intensity. If
another medical condition is present ,or there is a high risk for developing a
medical condition (e.g., strong family history is present), the preoccupation is
clearly excessive or disproportionate.
C. There is a high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed
about personal health status.
D. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors (e.g., repeatedly checks
his or her body for signs of illness) or exhibits maladaptive avoidance (e.g., avoids
doctor appointments and hospitals).
E. Illness preoccupation has been present for at least 6 months, but the specific
illness that is feared may change over that period of time.
30. Development and Course
The development and course of illness anxiety disorder are unclear. Illness
anxiety disorder is generally thought to be a chronic and relapsing condition
with an age at onset in early and middle adulthood.
TREATMENT
Psychotherapy
• Research has shown that some treatments can be effective. Cognitive-
behavioural therapy (CBT) has become a popular option.
• They often consult multiple physicians for the same problem and obtain
repeatedly negative diagnostic test results.
• Individuals with the disorder are generally dissatisfied with their medical
care and find it unhelpful, often feeling they are not being taken seriously
by physicians.
31. Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions(DSM-5)
Diagnostic Criteria 316 (F54)
Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions is diagnosed when
psychological or behavioral factors adversely affect the course or outcome of an
existing medical condition.
Patients have one or more clinically significant psychologic or behavior factors that
adversely affect an existing medical disorder (eg, diabetes, heart disease) or symptom
(eg, pain).
These factors may increase the risk of suffering, death, or disability or aggravate an
underlying medical condition; or result in hospitalization or emergency department
visit.
32. DIAGNOISTIC CRITERIA
A medical symptom or condition (other than a mental disorder) is present.
B. Psychological or behavioral factors adversely affect the medical condition in
one of the following ways:
1. The factors have influenced the course of the medical condition as shown by a
close temporal association between the psychological factors and the
development or delayed recovery from, the medical condition.
2 . The factors interfere with the treatment of the medical condition (e.g., poor
adherence).
3 The factors constitute additional well-established health risks for the
individual.
33. 4. The factors influence the underlying pathophysiology, precipitating or
exacerbating symptoms or necessitating medical attention.
C. The psychological and behavioral factors in Criterion B are not better explained
by another mental disorder (e.g., panic disorder, major depressive disorder,
posttraumatic stress disorder).
The condition can be:
Mild - increases medical risk. For example, the person doesn't regularly take a
required medication.
Moderate - affects the underlying medical condition. For example, the patient has
anxiety that makes breathing conditions worse.
Severe - requires a visit to the emergency room or causes the person to have to be
in the hospital.
Extreme - results in severe, life-threatening risk. For example, the person ignores
symptoms of a stroke.
34. TREATMENT
Treatment includes the person learning about the effects of their thoughts and
behaviors on their medical condition. It also includes psychotherapy to help the
person deal with their condition and to follow treatment recommendations for the
medical condition.
35. Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
300.89 (F45.8)
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a somatic
symptom and related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment
in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do
not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the somatic symptom and related
disorders diagnostic class.
36. Examples of presentations that can be specified using the “other specified”
designation include the following:
1. Brief somatic symptom disorder: Duration of symptoms is less than 6 months.
2. Brief illness anxiety disorder: Duration of symptoms is less than 6 months.
3. Illness anxiety disorder without excessive health-related behavior.
4. Pseudocyesis: A false belief of being pregnant that is associated with objective
signs and reported symptoms of pregnancy
37. Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
300.82 (F45.9)
This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of a
somatic symptom and related disorder that cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the somatic
symptom and related disorders diagnostic class.
The unspecified somatic symptom and related disorder category should not be used
unless there are decidedly unusual situations where there is insufficient information
to make a more specific diagnosis.