This document provides guidance on paediatric resuscitation and choking for infants and children. For infant resuscitation, it describes performing headtilt/chinlift, 15 chest compressions at a rate of up to 120 bpm, 2 rescue breaths, and repeating for 1 minute. For child resuscitation, it similarly describes headtilt/chinlift, chest compressions using 1 or 2 hands, rescue breaths, and repeating for 1 minute. For infant and child choking, it outlines delivering back blows or chest thrusts for infants and back blows or abdominal thrusts for children if coughing effort is poor after checking for an obstructing object.

1. Paediatric Resuscitation and Choking
Infant resuscitation
Infants - <1year
Children –1 year- puberty
Yes
Are there any hazards/dangers?
Yes
Stop
Headtilt,chinlift(careful nottohyperextend)
- Cup head,thumbonforehead
- Checkairwayfor obstruction
Compressionsx15
- 2 fingers
- 1 fingerundernipples
- Rate – up to 120bpm
Whenmask isavailable,use this(roundmask)
- Squeeze withthumb&middle finger
Repeatfor1 minute.
If no help,goget help.
If helparrives,instructtocall
emergency(2222/999) stating
a cardiac arrest and return
withemergencyequipment
Breathsx2
- >1/3 chestdepth
- No needtopinchnose
Do not stopCPR
for >10seconds
No
Yes
Yes
No
None/poor
No
Look forrespiratory effort(colour,chest
movementsetc)
Look forsignsof life (movement)
Is there anyresponse (shake)?
5 breaths
- Checkfor chestdeflationbetweeneachbreath

2. Child resuscitation
Are there any hazards/dangers?
Yes
Stop
Headtilt,chinlift(careful nottohyperextend)
- Holdheadbetween2fingers
- Checkairwayfor obstruction
Compressionsx15
- 1 hand(small child),2hands(large child)
- Positionasinadults
- Rate – up to 120bpm
Whenmask isavailable,use this(shapedmask)
- Squeeze withthumb&middle finger
Repeatfor1 minute.
If no help,goget help.
If helparrives,instructtocall
emergency(2222/999) stating
a cardiac arrest and return
withemergencyequipment
Breathsx2
- >1/3 chestdepth
- No needtopinchnose
Do not stopCPR
for >10seconds
No
Yes
Yes
No
None/poor
No
Look forrespiratoryeffort(colour,chest
movementsetc)
Look forsignsof life (movement)
Is there any response (shake)?
5 breaths
- Checkfor chestdeflationbetweeneachbreath
Yes

3. Infant choking
Child choking
Yes
No
Is there efforttocough?CPR (from5
rescue breaths)
Holdmandible betweenthumb&
forefinger,putyourarm across their
chestand flipthemover.
If obstructingobject
isobviousinthe
airwayremove it.
Poor Good
Is the effortpooror good?
Administer5 backblows
- Usingheel of hand
- Between shoulderblades
- Checkaftereach one for
successful removal of object
If childbecomesunconscious,
performCPR.If effortbecomes
poor,performthrusts.
If infantisstill chokingafter5
back blows/thrusts,call forhelp
Place infantacrossarm/lapin a
head-downwardsupineposition
Deliver5chestthrusts:
- Like compressions,but
harderand slower
- Checkaftereach one for
successful removal of object
Yes
No
Is there efforttocough?CPR (from5
rescue breaths)
Lean childforward,placingyourarm
across theirchestto supportthem.
If obstructingobject
isobviousinthe
airwayremove it.
Poor Good
Is the effortpooror good?
Administer5 backblows
- Usingheel of hand
- Betweenshoulderblades
- Checkaftereach one for
successful removal of object
If childbecomesunconscious,
performCPR.If effortbecomes
poor,performthrusts.
If infantisstill chokingafter5
back blows/thrusts,call forhelp
Lean child forward,
standingbehindthem
Deliver5abdominal thrusts:
- One hand ina fist,sidewaysinto
child’sabdomen,otherhandontop
- Movement– up intodiaphragm,
towardsyour chest
Encourage coughing