This document discusses the differences between respiratory and cardiac arrest and provides guidance on performing CPR. Respiratory arrest involves the lack of breathing but a still-beating heart, while cardiac arrest means the heart has stopped beating. The ABC technique - airway, breathing, circulation - is described for assessing an unresponsive victim and beginning CPR. CPR involves providing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio for adults. Special considerations are outlined for performing CPR on infants. Signs of life and reasons to continue or stop CPR are also covered.

1. LIFE SUPPORT

2. Differences Between Respiratory Arrest and
Cardiac Arrest
In both Respiratory Arrest and Cardiac Arrest, the
patient will be unconscious and not be breathing
Respiratory arrest patients still have a beating heart
but Cardiac arrest patients do not.
 Respiratory arrest will always lead to cardiac arrest
if nothing is done to treat it
Cardiac Arrest Always Includes Respiratory Arrest

3. Causes of cardiac Arrest and
Respiratory arrest
 Electric shock
 Heart attack
 Severe blood loss
 Drug overdose
 Hypothermia
 Asphyxia
 Drowning
 Allergic reaction
 Severe injuries

4. Signs of cardiac arrest
 Unconsciousness
 Absence of pulse
 Absence of breathing
 Absence of the heart beat
 Dilated and fixed pupils
 A bluish color of skin, lips or nail beds

5. ABC technique
 A irway
 Breathing
 Circulation
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

6. Airway
Breathing Circulation

7. Shake and Shout

8. Check for injuries
Reassess regularly
Get help if needed
YES
Is the victim responsive?

9.  Shout for help
 Turn the victim on his back
NO
Is the victim responsive?

10. 10
Shout for help

11. Opening airway
11
TRG 3SLAMC
Chin lift
Head tilt

12.  If cervical spine injury suspected
Jaw thrust only

13.  Look for chest movement
 Listen for breath sounds
 Feel for expired air
• Assess for 10 seconds
before deciding breathing
is absent

14. If safe, use recovery position
Call for help
Continue to assess that breathing is normal
Is the victim breathing?

15. 15
TRG 3SLAMC

16.  Support the infant’s head with
your hand.
Infant (under 1 year)
 Lie the infant face down on your
forearm.

19. Recovery position
Any unconscious casualty should be placed in the
recovery position.
It prevents
- Blocking the throat by the tongue
- Allows liquid to drain from the mouth
- Prevent asphyxia
If casualty with spinal injury need extra support at
the head and neck during turning

20. If you have
Any doubt
about
Breathing
act as it is
Not normal

21. Unresponsive and breathing baby

22.  Call for help
Is the victim breathing?
 Start CPR

23. CPR

24. If there is no pulse, the heart has stop. You
have to restart the heart and circulation by
performing chest compression. This Chest
compressions will accompanied by artificial
ventilation.
Chest compression

25.  Correct hand position - the middle of the
lower half of the sternum
 Push fast - rate – 100-120 compressions per
minute (30 compressions in 15-18 sec)
 Push hard - compression depth of at least 2
inches (5 cm)
 Allow chest to fully recoil.
 Minimize any interruptions.
For effective compressions

26. 30 # 02
26
TRG 3SLAMC
CPR and Artificial Respiration For
adult

27. Chest compressions
Middle of the chest
5-6 cm
100-120 min

28.  Give 30 compressions.
CPR FOR Infants (under 1 year)
 Give compressions with the patient on a firm surface
 Get into position.
• Place the patient on their back.
• Place self beside the patient’s chest
• Locate the lower half of the sternum in the middle of the
sternum.
 Place 2 fingers over the lower half of the sternum
 Press down on the patient’s chest until it is compressed by about
one-third.
 Release the pressure. Pressing down and releasing is1
compression

30. Artificial ventilation
Normal air contains 20% of oxygen and expired
air contains 16% of oxygen. You can use your
expiration, blow into casualties lungs to save the
life.
After assessing the casualties, first of all you
should CALL FOR HELP. Then start the
artificial ventilation.

31.  After 30 compressions
 Occlude victim’s nose
 Keep mouth open
 Maintain chin lift
 Take a deep breath
 Ensure a good mouth-to-
mouth seal

32. Blow steadily (01 sec) into
victim’s mouth
Watch for chest rise
Maintain head tilt & chin lift,
remove mouth
Watch chest fall
Another rescue breath – total
2 rescue breaths

33. Watch for chest fall

34.  If mouth-to-mouth technically difficult
 If mouth seriously injured
 Rescued from water
 Resuscitation carried out by a child
 Aesthetic reasons

35. Qualified help arrives and takes over (ALS Team)
The victim shows signs of life
 Coughing
 Opening of eyes
 Speaking
 Moving purposefully
 Starts breathing normally
You become exhausted
Continue resuscitation until

37. 37

38. Assess the casualty’s condition
(DR ABC)
Danger Are you or the casualty
in danger?
Response Is the casualty
conscious?
Air way Is the airway open and
clear?
Breathing Is the casualty
breathing?
Circulation Is there a pulse?

39. ACT ON YOUR FINDING
Unconscious, no pulse or breathing • Call for help
• call 119 & 1990
• Start and continue artificial ventilation and chest
compression
Unconscious, no breathing, pulse present • Give 10 artificial ventilation
• Call ambulance
• Continue artificial ventilation
Unconscious, breathing and pulse present • Treat any life threatening injury
• Place the casualty in the recovery position
• Call for help
Conscious, breathing and pulse present • Treat as appropriate
• Get help if necessary

40. Assignment
• Do a presentation on Basic life support for ;
 Group 1 An adult
 Group 2 A child
 Group 3 An infant