This document discusses various parameters used to measure oxygen-consuming waste in water, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total organic carbon (TOC), and total suspended solids (TSS). It provides definitions and explanations of each parameter, their significance for assessing water quality, and common methods for analysis. Sources of oxygen demand are identified as natural processes like respiration and decomposition, as well as agricultural and urban runoff. High levels of oxygen-consuming waste can lower dissolved oxygen and negatively impact aquatic life.

1. 1

2. Oxygen consuming waste
Presented by MARYAM AKHTAR
DEPT: BS CHEMISTRY
ID: 19002067004
COURSE : Environmental chemistry
Presented to : Sir khizar
2

3. 3
PARAMETERS
BOD COD DO TOC TSS
OXYGEN CONSUMIN WASTE
SOURCES ADVERSE EFFECT UNIT FOR OXYGEN EXPLANATION
WASTE
TYPES CHEMICAL WASTES EXAMPLES
 Introduction
 High level
 Standards of
 Factors effecting
 Environmental
significance

4. 4
WASTE
Any material which cannot be used in
the form in which it is produced is
called a waste.
• It is no longer needed by us because
it has lost its value.
• If it is thrown around, it can cause
soil, air or water pollution.
• It also poses a serious threat to
normal life, plants, animals and
human beings.

5. 5
CHEMICAL WASTE
A chemical waste is any solid,
liquid, gaseous waste material
that, if improperly managed or
disposed of, may pose
substantial hazards to human
health and the environment.

6. 6
 Unused and surplus reagent grade chemicals
 Intermediates and by-products generated from
research & educational experiments
 Batteries
 Anything contaminated by chemicals
 Used oil of all types
 Spent solvents - including water based
 Mercury containing items
 Photographic film processing solutions and
chemicals
 Pesticides
 Non-returnable gas cylinders
 Non-empty aerosol cans
 Chemically contaminated sharps
 Finely divided powders
 Contaminated syringes, needles, GC syringes,
Equipment and apparatus containing hazardous
waste
 Computer/electronic equipment
 Toner cartridges
 Ethylene glycol
 Paints - both oil and latex
 Fluorescent light bulbs
 Light ballasts
 Preserved specimens
 Custodial and industrial cleaners
 Dye and glazes
 Degreasing solvents
 Brake/Transmission/Power Steering Fluids
Examples of Chemical Waste include

7. 7
.
UNIT
Oxygen is measured in its dissolved
form as dissolved oxygen (DO).
If more oxygen is consumed than is
produced, dissolved oxygen levels
decline and some sensitive animals
may move away, weaken, or die

8. 8
OXYGEN CONSUMING WASTE
 Respiration by aquatic animals, decomposition, and various
chemical reactions consume oxygen.
 Wastewater from sewage treatment plants often contains organic
materials that are decomposed by microorganisms, which use
oxygen in the process.
 Other sources of oxygen-consuming waste include storm water
runoff from farmland or urban streets, feedlots, and failing septic
systems.

9. 9
OXYGEN CONSUMING WASTE
Natural
process
• Aerobic
bacteria
• debris
Agricultural
application
• 33 percent
• feedlots
Urban sewage,
runoff
• Urban street
• Farmland
SOURCES

10. 10
EXPLANATION
• The stream system both produces and consumes oxygen. It gains
oxygen from the atmosphere and from plants as a result of
photosynthesis. Running water, because of its churning, dissolves
more oxygen than still water, such as that in a reservoir behind a dam.
• Respiration by aquatic animals, decomposition, and various chemical
reactions consume oxygen.
• Wastewater from sewage treatment plants often contains organic
materials that are decomposed by microorganisms, which use oxygen
in the process.
• Storm water runoff from farmland or urban streets.
• Feedlots.
• Failing septic systems.
OXYGEN CONSUMING WASTE SOURCE

11. 11
 AFFECTS OF OXYGEN DEMANDING WASTE

12. 12
GARBAGE-OXYGENDEMANDINGWASTE
Garbage waste need oxygen for decomposing

13. 13
BOD
 Introduction
 High level BOD
 Standards of BOD
 Factors effecting
 Environmental
significance

14. 14
BOD

15. 15
BOD:
• The amount of oxygen absorbed by a
sample of sewage during a specific
period, generally 5 days at a specific
temperature, generally 20° C for the
aerobic destruction of the organic matter
by living organisms.
• Total BOD is of more significance to
food webs than to water quality.
 INTRODUCTION

16. 16
 High level of BOD

17. 17
Biochemical oxygen
demand
• Measures the molecular
oxygen utilized for
biochemical degradation
of organic material.
Biological oxygen demand
• It only addresses the
oxygen used up by the
bacteria to degrade
organic substance
Difference

18. 18
 Standards for BOD

19. 19

20. 20
COD
 Introduction
 Difference
 measurements
 methods
 Environmental
significance

21. 21
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the
measure of oxygen being consumed during the
oxidation of oxidizable organic matter in
presence of a strong oxidizing agent.
 It is generally used to indirectly
determine the amount of organic
compounds in aquatic systems.
 High COD indicates presence of all
forms of organic matter, both
biodegradable and non
biodegradable.
 It is measured in mg/L
Chemical oxygen demand:

22. 22
DIFFERENCE

23. 23

24. 24
DO
 Introduction
 Imp in aquatic life
 sources
 Uses
 Methods for
analysis

25. 25
 Dissolved Oxygen
 It refers to the level of free, non compound oxygen
present in water or liquid.
 It is an important parameter in assessing water quality.
 Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure of how
much oxygen is dissolved in the water - the amount
of oxygen available to living aquatic organisms.
 The amount of dissolved oxygen in a stream or lake can
tell us a lot about its water quality
 DO is important to many aquatic animals as
they use oxygen in respiration.
 Microbes and fungi also require DO to
decompose organic material at the bottom
of the body.
SIGNIFICANCE

26. 26
 DISSOLVED OXYGEN SOURCES

27. 27
 Uses of Dissolved Oxygen
METHODS FOR ANALYSIS
1.Optical sensor method
2.Colorimeter method
3.Clark type method
4.Electrochemical method
5.Titrate method
Uses of Dissolved Oxygen
1.Determine the health and cleanliness of a lake
or stream.
2.Determine the amount and type of biomass.
3.Determine the amount of decomposition
occurring in the lake or stream.

28. 28
TOC and TSS

29. 29
 Total organic carbon (TOC)
It is the amount of carbon found in an organic compound and is often
used as a non-specific indicator of water quality or cleanliness of
pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment.
 Total suspended solids (TSS)
These are particles that are larger than 2 microns found in the water
column. Anything smaller than 2 microns (average filter size) is
considered a dissolved solid.
Other parameters

30. 30
CONCLUSION

31. 31