This document discusses pollution monitoring and control methods. It introduces different types of pollutants like nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate that come from sources such as fertilizers, industrial effluents, and sewage. These pollutants can cause eutrophication of water bodies and acid rain. The document then explains methods used to monitor waste water treatment like chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of preventing pollution to protect the environment and emphasizes reducing, reusing, and recycling to control pollution.

1. POLLUTION
MONITORING & ITS
CONTROL METHODS
PRESENTED BY:
LETHOVIK T
M.Sc I - year
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY.

2. INTRODUCTION
• Pollution prevention is a major global concern
because of its harmful effects on person’s health
and also environment.
• Environment pollution comes in various forms
such as : Air pollution, Soil pollution, Water
pollution.
• Pollutants such as nitrate, sulphate, phosphate

3. POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

4. • Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate
• Content of Chloride, solids, metals
• Micro-organisms
Sources for
pollution
• Global Warming, Soil contamination,
Water Poisoning, Desertification
• Respiratory illness, Skin irritation
Effects of
pollution
• Plant more trees, Use Bio-degradable
materials
• Don’t waste water, Don’t burn plastics
Control
Methods

5. HOW NITRATE
AFFECT
ENVIRONMENT ?
When nitrates (from
fertilizers or manures) enter
the water resource, it can
cause eutrophication, which
can harm marine
ecosystem.

6. WHAT IS
EUTROPHICATION ?
Increased production of algae and
aquatic plants due to excess
discharge of nitrate .
REASON:
• Fertilizers.
• Phosphate-containing
detergents.
• Sewage into aquatic system

7. HOW SULPHATE
AFFECT
ENVIRONMENT ?
 when SO2 combines with
water and air, it causes Acid
rain
 corrode building materials
and paint
 causes Deforestation
 causes Asthma, Chronic

8. HOW PHOSPHATE
AFFECT
ENVIRONMENT ?
Phosphates are a part of DNA
materials and they take part in energy
distribution
• Phosphate enter waterways from
human and animal wastes
• Phosphorous rich bedrock, Rainfall
• Industrial effluents
As a result of this excess algae
in the lake !

9. MONITORING WASTE WATER TREATMENT
All waste water treatment plants are required to measure the
pollution value in water by one of these three methods:
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
TOC (Total Organic carbon)
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
Why do we measure them ?
 To determine amount of pollution in water stream
 Control and Limit the amount of chemicals that pollute
rivers and lakes

10. WHAT IS CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
?
• Total measurement of all
chemicals that can be oxidized
• COD is total amount of oxygen
required to chemically oxidize
the bio degradable and non-
biodegradable organic matter
WHAT IS TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
?
Measurement of amount
of carbons from organic sources
such as bacteria and sugar as
well as synthetic ones such as
detergents and pesticides

11. CHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND
• COD test measures the oxygen
required to oxidize organic matter
in water and wastewater samples
by the action of strong oxidizing
agent(Potassium dichromate)
under acidic condition

12. The COD test measures the amount of
dichromate(oxidant) consumed in the breakdown of
organic matter
More oxidant consumed = High levels of organic
Less oxidant consumed = Low level of organics

13. How does chromium related to COD?
 Each molecule of potassium dichromate
has the same oxidizing power as 1.5
molecules of oxygen.
 Oxygen demand is directly related to the
percentage of Cr6+ that has been reduced
to Cr3+.
 As organics are oxidized and Cr6+ is
reduced to Cr3+ the color of the solution
changes from yellow to green.

15. TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
• Its is the amount of carbon bound in an organic compound or
material derived from decaying vegetation, bacterial growth and
metabolic activities of living organism.
Stages of TOC analysis:
• Acidification: Removes Inorganic carbon
• Oxidation: converts remaining sample into CO2 and other gases.
• Detection and Quantification: Conductivity or Non Dispersive
Infrared (NDIR)

16. “ EARTH PROVIDES ENOUGH TO SATISFY
MAN’S NEED, BUT NOT EVERY MAN’S GREED
“
- MAHATMA GANDHI

17. POLLUTION CONTROL APPROACH
Stop Smoking
Avoid Burning Plastics, Old tyres
Use Public transport instead of private vehicles
Plant more trees
Prefer Eco-friendly or bio-degradable materials
Industries should use fuel with lower Sulphur content
REDUCE
RECYCL
E
REUSE

18. CONCLUSION
• Prevention is better than cure. So, we
should take care of our surrounding and
we should not be the reason for
polluting our environment
• Life exists in earth because of Oxygen,
Water
• So, we must take utmost care to prevent
our planet Earth from getting polluted

19. THANK YOU!
Chemistry Pullingo
Mani, letho, Dileep and
Prithivraj