Review Paper Presentation

1. BETA CELLS APOPTOSIS AND
OXIDATIVE STRESS
CAMILLE L. RUIZ VIDELA
REVIEW PAPER
RISE- FALL 2014
NOVEMBER 21, 2014

2. INTRODUCTION
• Beta cells
• Location
• Function
• Apoptosis
• Consequences
• Oxidative stress
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/pancre
aticislet/

3. DIABETES
• Group of metabolic disorders
that cannot regulate glucose
levels
• The following processes occur
almost exclusively in the
development of type 2 diabetes,
for they are long term.
• Diabetes types and
development:
• Type one – genetic
• Type two – long term http://www.idf.org/about-diabetes/
risk-factors

4. BETA CELLS
• Hyperglycemia
• Reactive Oxidative Species
(Free radicals)
• Peroxides interrupt
mitochondrial and
endoplasmic reticulum
function.
• Antioxidant enzymes –
Principal Defenses
• Superoxide dismutase
http://www.thehorse.com/articles/14312/the-role-of-antioxidants

5. APOPTOSIS
• Programmed cell death
• Not beneficial
• Organized
• Rate of reproduction –
constant
• Rate of loss – exacerbated as
OS complicates
http://models.cellml.org/exposure/675910ec5edea85f53
3ec5585da88ed1/topp_promislow_devries_miura_finegoo
d_2000.cellml/view

6. OXIDATIVE STRESS (OS)
• Formed when a cell’s core
environment is perturbed.
• Disruptor of the balance
between the production of
ROS and antioxidants.
• Elevated amount of ROS

7. REACTIVE OXIDATIVE SPECIES (ROS)
• Highly reactive molecules
• Peroxides: O-O single bonds
• Elevated amounts – damage
• Complex molecules derived
from glucose.
http://www.biotek.com/resources/articles/reactive-oxygen-
species.html

8. OXIDATIVE STRESS AS A FACTOR OF BETA-CELLS’
APOPTOSIS
HYPERGLYCEMIA ROS
LOW
ANTIOXIDANT
DEFENSES
OXIDATIVE
STRESS
β-cell
APOPTOSIS

9. TREATMENTS
•Inhibition of ROS
generation
•Preventive Treatment
• Antioxidant – protect cells by
reducing OS
• Mulberry – medicinal plant with
antioxidant properties
http://wakeup-world.com/2014/06/28/mulberry-tames-
cancer-inflammation-alzheimers-and-more/
(Lee et al. 2014)

10. CONCLUSION
• When hyperglycemia occurs, high levels of ROS are produced.
• β-cells produce low antioxidant defenses.
• This imbalance is called OS.
• The rate of β-cells loss > the rate of β-cells reproduction.
• Since the amount of β-cells is reduced, type-two diabetes
occurs.
• Antioxidant treatments – mulberry extrac5

11. REFERENCES
• Bosco D, Armanet M, Morel P, Niclauss N, Sgroi A , Muller YD, Giovannoni L, Parnaud G, Berney T. 2010. Unique Arrangement of
α- and β-Cells in Human Islets of Langerhans. Diabetes. [Internet;. [citado 2014 Oct 17]. DOI: 10.2337/ db09-
1177.:[approximately 9 p.]. Available at: http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/5/1202.long
• Butler AE, Robertson RP, Hernandez R, Matveyenko AV, Gurlo T, Butler PC. 2012. Beta cell nuclear musculoaponeurotic
fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA) is deficient in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia [Internet;. [citado 2014 Oct 4]. DOI:
10.1007/s00125-012-2666-2:[approximately 4 p.]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556170/
• De Lima Avila D, Rodrigues de Araujo G, Silva M, , Herinque P, Fiuza M, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Geraldo de Lima W, Costa DC.
2013. Vildagliptin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic Beta Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Archives of Medical
Research. [Internet;. [citado 2014 Nov 1st]. Doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.03.004: [approximately 8p.] Available at: http://ac.els-cdn.
com/S0188440913000751/1-s2.0-S0188440913000751-main.pdf?_tid=9a3aedd8-6249-11e4-8d4a-
00000aacb35e&acdnat=1414903078_b0d7d7dcca02869af939077f0b62b95f
• Harmon JS, Bogdani M, Parazzoli SD, Mak SSM, Oseid EA, Berghmans M, LeBoeuf RC, Robertson RP. 2010. β-Cell-Specific
Overexpression of Glutathione Peroxidase Preserves Intranuclear MafA and Reverses Diabetes in db/db Mice. Endocrinology.
[Internet;. [citado 2014 Sept 26]. Doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0708: [approximately 8 p.]. Available at:
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/en.2009-0708?url_ver=Z39.88-
2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed
• Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy M, Fernández-Mejías C. 2013. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - A Role for
Antioxidants. Mexico: InTech. Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus and the Role of Vitamins with Antioxidant Actions. Chapter
9.
• Lee JS, Kim YR, Park JM, Ha SJ, Kim YE, Baek NI, Hong EK. 2014. Mulberry Fruit Extract Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against
Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis via Antioxidative Activity. Molecules. [Internet;. [citado 2014 Nov 1]. DOI:
10.3390/molecules19078904: [approximately 12p.] Available at: www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/7/8904/pdf

12. BETA CELLS APOPTOSIS AND
OXIDATIVE STRESS
CAMILLE L. RUIZ VIDELA
REVIEW PAPER
RISE- FALL 2014
NOVEMBER 21, 2014