This document provides an overview of other diseases of the digestive system. It defines key terms like celiac disease, blind loop syndrome, Whipple's disease, and pouchitis. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten that damages the small intestine. Blind loop syndrome occurs when part of the small intestine forms a loop that food bypasses, allowing bacterial overgrowth. Whipple's disease is a rare infection caused by a bacterium that can affect multiple parts of the body. Pouchitis is inflammation of the ileal pouch created to treat ulcerative colitis. The document also lists ICD-10 codes for various digestive diseases and conditions.
overview of the digestive system and diseases of itShatha Almahmoud
overview of the digestive system and disorders (disease) of it.
King Saud University, college of applied medical sciences, CLS 224
Anatomy and physiology
Shatha Almahmoud
overview of the digestive system and diseases of itShatha Almahmoud
overview of the digestive system and disorders (disease) of it.
King Saud University, college of applied medical sciences, CLS 224
Anatomy and physiology
Shatha Almahmoud
Achalasia: A Disorder of the Esophagus. Achalasia is a rare disorder in which damaged nerves in your esophagus prevent it from working as it should. Muscles at the lower end of your esophagus fail to allow food to enter your stomach. Symptoms include trouble swallowing, heartburn and chest pain.
General GIT
• Diagnostic studies p 713
o X Ray
o Ba swallow
o Ba enema
o Endoscopies
o Fibre optic colonoscopy
o Abdominal ultrasound
o CT scan
o MRI
o Stool tests
Peptic ulcers p 747
• Definitions
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Pathophysiology
• Comparison of DU & GU, table 39.3
• Assessment and common findings
o Pain in detail others mention
• Complications (name only)
• Haemorrhage
• Obstruction
• Perforation
• Penetration
• Management
o Medical – table 39.4
o Surgical (definitions only)
Billroth 1
Billroth II
Peritonitis p 757 / Acute abdomen PCCM p 105
(T&E Periods)
• Definition
o Causes
• Assessment and common findings p 757 / clinical features PCCM p 105
o Objective data
• Nursing management
• Essential health information
Bowel obstruction p 761 (T&E Periods)
• Definition
• Causes
o Mechanical
o Non Mechanical
o Neurogenic
• Pathophysiology
• Assessment and common findings
• Physical examination
• Diagnostic studies
• Medical management
• General nursing care for abdominal surgery p 763
Inflammatory bowel disease p 768
• Definition
• Causes
o Crohns p 768
Definition
Pathophysiology
Assessment and common findings
Diagnostic studies
Management
Arresting the inflammatory process
Promoting comfort and healing
Maintaining adequate nutrition and fluid
Preventing complications
General hepatic system
• Diagnostic tests p 777
o Ultrasound
o CT
Cirrhosis of the liver p 790 PCCM p 116
• Definition
• Causes (Not types)
• Pathophysiology
• Assessment and common findings
• Clinical manifestations with patho table 41.7
• Management
• Essential health information
• General nursing care of liver cirrhosis p 795
• Complications p 797
Paralysis of Swallowing Mechanism
Damage to the 5th, 9th, or 10th cerebral nerve can cause paralysis of significant portions of the swallowing mechanism.
Diseases, such as poliomyelitis or encephalitis, can prevent normal swallowing by damaging the swallowing center in the brain stem.
Finally, paralysis of the swallowing muscles, as occurs in muscle dystrophy or in failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis or botulism, can also prevent normal swallowing
These results into
complete abrogation of the swallowing act so that swallowing cannot occur
failure of the glottis to close so that food passes into the lungs instead of the esophagus
failure of the soft palate and uvula to close the posterior nares so that food refluxes into the nose during swallowing.
Achalasia: A Disorder of the Esophagus. Achalasia is a rare disorder in which damaged nerves in your esophagus prevent it from working as it should. Muscles at the lower end of your esophagus fail to allow food to enter your stomach. Symptoms include trouble swallowing, heartburn and chest pain.
General GIT
• Diagnostic studies p 713
o X Ray
o Ba swallow
o Ba enema
o Endoscopies
o Fibre optic colonoscopy
o Abdominal ultrasound
o CT scan
o MRI
o Stool tests
Peptic ulcers p 747
• Definitions
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Pathophysiology
• Comparison of DU & GU, table 39.3
• Assessment and common findings
o Pain in detail others mention
• Complications (name only)
• Haemorrhage
• Obstruction
• Perforation
• Penetration
• Management
o Medical – table 39.4
o Surgical (definitions only)
Billroth 1
Billroth II
Peritonitis p 757 / Acute abdomen PCCM p 105
(T&E Periods)
• Definition
o Causes
• Assessment and common findings p 757 / clinical features PCCM p 105
o Objective data
• Nursing management
• Essential health information
Bowel obstruction p 761 (T&E Periods)
• Definition
• Causes
o Mechanical
o Non Mechanical
o Neurogenic
• Pathophysiology
• Assessment and common findings
• Physical examination
• Diagnostic studies
• Medical management
• General nursing care for abdominal surgery p 763
Inflammatory bowel disease p 768
• Definition
• Causes
o Crohns p 768
Definition
Pathophysiology
Assessment and common findings
Diagnostic studies
Management
Arresting the inflammatory process
Promoting comfort and healing
Maintaining adequate nutrition and fluid
Preventing complications
General hepatic system
• Diagnostic tests p 777
o Ultrasound
o CT
Cirrhosis of the liver p 790 PCCM p 116
• Definition
• Causes (Not types)
• Pathophysiology
• Assessment and common findings
• Clinical manifestations with patho table 41.7
• Management
• Essential health information
• General nursing care of liver cirrhosis p 795
• Complications p 797
Paralysis of Swallowing Mechanism
Damage to the 5th, 9th, or 10th cerebral nerve can cause paralysis of significant portions of the swallowing mechanism.
Diseases, such as poliomyelitis or encephalitis, can prevent normal swallowing by damaging the swallowing center in the brain stem.
Finally, paralysis of the swallowing muscles, as occurs in muscle dystrophy or in failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis or botulism, can also prevent normal swallowing
These results into
complete abrogation of the swallowing act so that swallowing cannot occur
failure of the glottis to close so that food passes into the lungs instead of the esophagus
failure of the soft palate and uvula to close the posterior nares so that food refluxes into the nose during swallowing.
The presentation includes the parts and function of our digestive system as well as the process of the parts. Moreover, the presentation includes some diseases in digestive system.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
The pancreas plays a crucial role in the body’s digestive and metabolic processes. It’s a crucial organ that regulates blood sugar levels and ensures that the body can properly digest and absorb nutrients from food. Problems with the pancreas, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, can lead to serious health issues and may require medical intervention to manage.
The symptoms of pancreatic diseases can be vague and difficult to diagnose, but some common signs may indicate a problem with the pancreas.
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Diseases in any part of the gastrointestinal
tract or the accessory organs (liver; biliary
tract; pancreas).
Disorders of any of the organs that are
associated with ingestion, digestion, and
absorption of food.
When you eat, your body breaks food down
to a form it can use to build and nourish cells
and provide energy. This process is called
digestion.
digestive system is a series of hollow organs
joined in a long, twisting tube. It runs from
your mouth to your anus and includes your
esophagus, stomach, and small and large
3. liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also
involved. They produce juices to help
digestion. There are many types of
digestive disorders.
Major symptoms like:-
blood in your stool
changes in bowel habits
severe abdominal pain
unintentional weight loss
heartburn not relieved by antacids
4. DEFINITIONS
Celiac disease:- is a serious genetic
autoimmune disorder where the
ingestion of gluten leads to damage in
the small intestine.
Classic symptoms include
gastrointestinal problems such as
chronic diarrhoea, abdominal
distention, malabsorption, loss of
appetite, and among children failure to
grow normally.
5. Blind loop syndrome occurs when part
of the small intestine forms a loop that
food bypasses during digestion. The
presence of this "blind loop" means food
may not move normally through the
digestive tract.
Mechanism involves Slowly moving food
and waste products become a breeding
ground for bacteria. The result —
bacterial overgrowth — often causes
diarrhea and may cause weight loss and
6. Whipple’s disease is
a rare,systemic infectious disease
caused by a gram-positive bacterium.
Whipple's disease primarily causes
malabsorption but may affect any part
of the body including the heart, brain,
joints, skin, lungs and the eyes.
7. Pouchitis is inflammation of the ileal
pouch which is created in the
management of patients with
ulcerative colitis.
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood.
Melena refers to the black "tarry"
feces that are associated with upper
gastrointestinal bleeding.
8. ICD-10-CM GUIDELINES
Intestinal malabsorption-K90
Intraoperative and postprocedural
complications and disorders of
digestive system, not elsewhere
classified-K91
Other diseases of the digestive
system-K92
9. Diseases of digestive
system,unspecified-K92.9
Complications of artificial openings of
the digestive system-K94
Complications of bariatric procedures-
K95
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