The document presents the program theory for evaluating a Swedish national project called "Learning Project - Care on Equal Conditions". The project aims to identify and develop methods to facilitate more equitable care across nine primary care units. The program theory outlines the activities, outputs, and outcomes of the project, and will guide a three-part evaluation: process evaluation, performance evaluation, and health economic evaluation. It provides a framework for understanding how the project is intended to work and will allow evaluation of the project's implementation and impacts.