The document summarizes a journal club presentation by Aditi Shrestha on an article about the association between television watching, physical activity, and obesity in children. The presentation includes summaries of the selected article, journal information, critical appraisal of the article and journal, and summaries of the article's introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion sections.

1. Journal Club Presentation
Presented By:
Name: Aditi Shrestha
Roll No: 02
BPH, VIII Semester, SHAS, PU.
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2. Presented for the partial fulfillment of requirement
of
PHA 451 Journal Club/Health Seminar
of
Bachelor of Public Health, VIII Semester,
School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
under the cardinal supervision of
Assistant Professor Dr. Hari Prasad Kaphle
By
Aditi Shrestha
17370179
<2016-1-37-103>.
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3. Selected Article for Presentation
Chhetri S and Yadav DK. Association of Television Watching on Physical
Activity and Obesity among Children JHAS, 2019, Vol.9, No.1 , page 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.1
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4. Journal Information
• Journal of Health and Allied Sciences (JHAS) is an official publication of
School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Nepal.
• It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which is published biannually.
• The journal publishes the original articles, review articles, case reports,
editorials, viewpoints related to, Health services, Public health, Nursing,
Laboratory sciences, Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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5. Journal Information
• The ISSN Print no is 2091-2579, Online no is 2019-2587.
• JHAS is indexed with Google Scholar, NepMed, J-gate Indexed, Index
Copernicus International.
• The articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) unless
notified otherwise.
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6. Critical Appraisal of Journal
• It is an open access, peer-reviewed and biannually published journal.
• All articles submitted will be peer reviewed by experts.
• JHAS does not charge any fees for submission, article processing,
publication and to read.
• This journal makes research freely available to the public, supports a greater
global exchange of knowledge.
• The journal has a very transparent and robust system for reviewing articles.
• .
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7. Critical Appraisal of Journal
Editor-in-Chief
• Dr. Damaru Prasad Paneru,(Associate Professor, School of Health and Allied
Sciences, Pokhara University)
• Research Interest: Epidemiology, Health Service, Maternal And Child
Health.
• Served as Director of School Of Health And Allied Sciences from 4th July
2016 to 3rd July 2020.
https://pushas.edu.np/faculty/damaru-prasad-paneru/
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8. Critical Appraisal of Journal
Advisors
• Dr. Keshab Parajuli.(Professor, Department Of Microbiology, Tribhuvan
University)
• Dr. Bishnu Raj Tiwari.(Professor, School Of Health And Allied Sciences,
Pokhara University)
• Dr. Arun Kumar Koirala.(Professor, School Of Health And Allied Sciences,
Pokhara University)
• 12 members (8 national and 4 International) in editorial board.
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9. Critical Appraisal of Journal
• JHAS is associated with Crossref, Digital Object Identifier System, Creative
commons and Open Access.
• Total Volume : 10
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10. Tittle of Article
Association of Television Watching on Physical Activity and Obesity
among Children in Pokhara, Nepal
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11. Critical Appraisal of Tittle
• The title indicates the topic and focus of the study.
• It also indicates the research question .
• The title is meaningful and complete.
• The title clearly reflects aim and objectives of the study.
• The title gives the idea of study population and study setting.
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12. Authors
Sushma Chhetri (School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara
University)
Dr. Dipendra Kumar Yadav (Associate Professor, School of Health and
Allied Sciences, Pokhara University)
• 28 publications, 3 projects, 84 citations and 16,033 reads
• Field of Interest: Nutrition, Maternal And Child Health, Health Care
services, Primary Health Care.
(https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Dipendra_Yadav)
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13. Critical Appraisal of Authors
• The names of authors are mentioned clearly.
• The author’s affiliation is noted for Pokhara University, School of health
and Allied Sciences.
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14. Abstract
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15. Critical Appraisal of Abstract
• The abstract is informative.
• The abstract is unstructured (written in continuous paragraph)
• The article is within the word limit of abstract as per author’s guideline of
journal (300 words).
• It is comprehensive in its contents.
• It clearly gives the gist of the whole study.
• The abstract matches with the entire text of the article.
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16. Introduction
• Sedentary behavior of children is increasing rapidly due to access to
modernized technologies like electronic medias and devices.
• The trend of watching television is increasing rapidly in children and
adolescents.
• A multi center study showed that daily television in excess of one hour was
reported in 79% of children and 89% of adolescents
• Increased hours of watching television in children have shown many health
consequences.
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17. Introduction
• Children tend to consume more calories while watching television due to
exposure to advertising.
• Prolonged period of television viewing by children have been associated
with parental television viewing time, number of television sets in
household, presence of television in child bedroom etc.
• Time of watching television was inversely associated with physical activity
and positively associated with excess weight gain.
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18. Critical Appraisal of Introduction
• The introduction is meaningful and is built on existing literature (8).
• The introduction is logically presented.
• All the citations are followed with correct references in the list of
references.
• However, the research question or hypothesis are not stated in the
introduction.
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19. Materials and methods
• Target population: Parents of Children aged 8-12
• Study setting: Households of Pokhara Metropolitan
• Study duration: July 2016-December 2016
• Study population : Parents of Children aged 8-12 years
• Sample size: 306
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20. Materials and Methods
• Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study design
• Sampling Technique: Simple random sampling technique.
• Anthropometric measuring tools were calibrated before use.
• Statistical Analysis: Data was entered in the Epi-Data software. Data were
transferred into SPSS software for analysis. Chi-square test was used to show
association between variables.
• Ethical approval: Ethical clearance was obtained from institution of review
committee, Pokhara University and verbal and informed consent was taken
from parents before filling questionnaire.
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21. Materials and methods
• Dependent Variable: Children’s television viewing time.
• Independent Variables: Socio-demographic variable, Parent’s television
viewing habits, parent’s attitude, television in child’s bedroom.
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22. Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods
 Critical Appraisal of Research design:
The study design is appropriate as per the research problem.
 Critical Appraisal of Sample:
• The sample is representative of the population of interest.
• There isn’t any evidence of sampling error and sample bias.
• The non response rate is not incorporated.
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23.  Critical Appraisal of Methods and Materials:
• The methods incorporated are appropriate and are explained in detail as far
as practicable.
• The methods are in accordance with the ethical standards protection of
human rights.
• Proper data collection tools are used for the collection of scientific and valid
data.
• Many variables associated with the study are taken into consideration for
the research process.
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Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods

24. Results
• Gender distribution of the study sample (n=306) was almost equal and the
mean age was 10.13 years.
• Majority of mothers' have achieved at least primary level of education and
most of them engaged in any type of paid work.
• For the study population 69.6 % of parents reported their children's TV
viewing level to be more than 2 hours per day.
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25. Results
• 306 children, 58.8 percent were involved in any kind of the physical
activities.
• The highest percentage i.e. 29.7 percent was with normal BMI and Children
about 19.3 percent fell in obese category.
• More physical activity of children was 0.367 times more likely to be
associated with non obesity.
• Children’s TV viewing time for more than two hours was 2.86 times more
likely to be associated with obesity.
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26. Critical Appraisal of Results
• The results are presented in logical and comprehensible manner.
• The important results are presented in both tables and text.
• The tables are numbered properly and titled properly.
• The results is based on aim and objectives of the study.
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27. Discussion
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28. Discussion
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29. Critical Appraisal of Discussion
• The discussion of the article is meaningful and has highlighted the
important findings of the study.
• All the significant findings have enough explanation with logical
comparison and are reasoned properly with 11 other relevant articles.
• There isn’t any sort of limitations presented in the discussion .
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30. Conclusion
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• The study concluded that, there is problem of television viewing among
children for more than 2 hours per day.
• About 19.3 percent of children fell in obese category.
• The association between obese children with TV viewing time and physical
activity level along with leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) level of
children are significant.
• Parents should monitor and limit children’s TV viewing to not more than 2
hours per day as recommended by AAP guidelines and encourage
alternative entertainments like reading, walking and athletics.

31. Critical Appraisal of Conclusion
• The conclusion is meaningful and is supported by the data collected and the
results drawn.
• It is based on aim and objective of the study.
• Suggestions and recommendations have been made.
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32. References
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33. Critical Appraisal of References
• The references are for every citation in the text part of the article.
• There are total 18 references present in this article.
• All the references are accurate references and includes recent publications.
• Vancouver style of referencing is used.
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34. Strengths
• Calibrated anthropometric measurements is used for the measurement of
weight and height.
• Findings reflects clear association of television viewing and obesity in
children.
• The article is a reliable and useful source of information for academic and
non academic purposes.
• Scientific research design and methods have been used.
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35. Weaknesses
• Unspecified television viewing time of children (Finding exact hours spent
by children in viewing television may be difficult)
• Recall bias may occur like (number of times any physical activity was
performed in the past seven days, total leisure hours in a day) etc.
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36. Overall significance of the article
• The findings of the article are believable.
• The research is based on scientific evidences generated.
• The article is the author’s contribution to the scientific research and
academic society.
• The research findings and conclusion of the article can be extended and
applied at larger populations.
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37. Contribution of Article For My Research
My title for research: “ Association of Screen Time with Obesity in Children
Aged 6-13 of Pokhara Metropolitan”
• The article will help me to choose study design, study participants, data
collection tools and techniques.
• Article is also useful in defining study variables.
• Identifies and reveals the problems that I might face during the conduction
of my research.
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38. Contribution of Article For My Research
• Findings from this study can also be compared with my research.
• References mentioned in this article can also be used for literature review
for my research proposal.
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39. Questions?
Quarries?
Suggestions?
Feedbacks?
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40. Thank You!
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