In this presentation, I have added evidence based practice ankle joints which are frequently used in orthotic treatment. Hope it reaches to every person out there seeking information regarding the same.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
Prosthetic management of symes and partial foot amputationSmita Nayak
prosthetic management of partial foot and syme's amputation is a very challenging task. Now a days the availability of advanced technology some how fulfilling the need of the amputee but not the fully.
Over the past decade, technology and research have greatly expanded the functionality and aesthetics of prosthetic feet. Today, amputees have a wide array of feet from which to choose. Various models are designed for activities ranging from walking, dancing and running to cycling, golfing, swimming and even snow skiing.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
A complete description of the lower limb orthosis is available in the following presentation with an in depth understanding of the same.It covers the ankle foot orthosis,Knee orthosis the knee ankle foot orthosis and hip orthosis.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Prosthetic management of symes and partial foot amputationSmita Nayak
prosthetic management of partial foot and syme's amputation is a very challenging task. Now a days the availability of advanced technology some how fulfilling the need of the amputee but not the fully.
Over the past decade, technology and research have greatly expanded the functionality and aesthetics of prosthetic feet. Today, amputees have a wide array of feet from which to choose. Various models are designed for activities ranging from walking, dancing and running to cycling, golfing, swimming and even snow skiing.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
A complete description of the lower limb orthosis is available in the following presentation with an in depth understanding of the same.It covers the ankle foot orthosis,Knee orthosis the knee ankle foot orthosis and hip orthosis.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Retraining of motor control basing on understanding of normal movement & analysis of motor dysfunction.
Emphasis of MRP is on practice of specific activities, the training of cognitive control over muscles & movt. Components of activities & conscious elimination of unnecessary muscle activity.
In rehabilitation programme involve – real life activities included.
Orthoses play a vital role in managing neuromuscular conditions, allowing individuals to lead more fulfilling lives. By understanding the specific needs of each patient and tailoring orthotic interventions, we can optimize function, independence, and overall well-being.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
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2. WHAT IS AN ORTHOTIC ANKLE JOINT ?
It is a mechanical articulation
that is incorporated into a solid
AFO, KAFO and HKAFO design. It
enables a specific range of
motion to be achieved,
mimicking the movement of the
anatomical ankle.
4. A) Free motion
• Provides M-L stability that allows free motion in dorsiflexion and
plantarflexion.
• Indications:
Mild mediolateral instability
Flexible Varus/Valgus position and foot drop
5. B) Solid
• It restricts movement in both planes.
• Indication:
Tibial foot fractures.
Severe stroke (early intervention post stroke)
Weight reliving orthosis (PTB-AFO)
6. C) Limited motion
• Allows motion to be restricted in one or both the directions
• Popular examples are Bi-caal ankle joint, Camber axis ankle joint.
7. 1. Bichannel adjustable ankle lock (BICAAL):
• An ankle joint with the
anterior and posterior
channels that can be fitted
with pins to reduce motion or
springs to assist motion.
• Indication:.
Excessive plantar flexion
deformity
Spasticity or ankle
instability in a flail limb.
9. Kinematic Comparison of the Bi-Caal Orthosis and the
Rigid Polypropylene Orthosis in Stroke Patients.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To find a Kinematic Comparison of the Bi-
Caal Orthosis and the Rigid Polypropylene
Orthosis in Stroke Patients.
METHEDOLOGY
Patients already fitted and accustomed to a
Bi-Caal AFO were fitted with a rigid ankle
polypropylene AFO.
DATA COLLECTION
Kinematic gait analysis.
10. Results:
*The only statistical difference (Pt.05) in ankle
posture between the two AFO's existed at toe-off.
*Ambulation in the rigid ankle polypropylene AFO
yielded an average of 4± 5 degrees of plantar
flexion, while in the BiCAAL orthosis the average
was 1± 5 degrees of dorsiflexion.
11. Conclusion of the study:
• The rigid polypropylene AFO provided the same ankle
stability as the Bi-Caal AFO and had similar gait
characteristics in terms of velocity, cadence, and stride
length.
• The majority of stroke patients in this study preferred the
rigid polypropylene AFO due to its light weight, cosmesis,
and ability to interchange shoes.
12. 2. Anterior stop (DF stop) ankle joint
• It determines the limit of ankle dorsiflexion.
• Mechanism : If the stop is set to allow slight
dorsiflexion
(~5 dorsiflexion), it results in knee flexion.
• Indications:
Weak plantar flexion.
Calcaneal deformity - flexible or stretchable.
13. 3. Tamarack ankle joint
• It determines the limits of ankle plantar flexion.
• Made of plastic thus it is light in weight.
• Mechanism: In an AFO if the stop is set to allow
slight plantar flexion (~5degrees), it results in
knee extension.
• Indication:
Foot drop deformity.
Equinus deformity (Flexible).
Spasticity of plantarflexion.
*Can be used to control for an unstable knee
that buckles.
14. A comparison of gait with solid and hinged ankle-foot orthoses
in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To compare the GAIT analysis between solid and hinged
ankle foot orthoses.
METHEDOLOGY
Six females and six males with an average age of 7.5 years
with spastic diplegic CP were recruited to participate in the
study from the outpatient clinic at Shriners Hospital for
Children in San Francisco, CA.
DATA COLLECTION
Descriptive statistics including group means and standard
deviations for the subjects were calculated for the test periods
with solid and hinged AFOs. GAIT of individual patient was
tested under Vicon motion capture settings.
16. Conclusion:
• Hinged AFOs further improved ankle dorsiflexion
and ankle power generation compared to solid
AFOs. No significant differences were observed in
other aspects such as muscle timing, knee and
ankle motions, and peak powers during stance.
• Both types of AFOs effectively reduced excessive
ankle plantar flexion without affecting knee
position in children with spastic diplegic CP.
• Data availability is limited as there were only 12
patients were taken into consideration.
17. 4. TRIPLE ACTION ANKLE JOINT
This Joint is designed to provide highly
adjustable active ankle control of the
lower extremity during all phases of the
gait cycle.
INDICATION:
• Stroke,
• Multiple sclerosis,
• cerebral palsy.
• Ankle alignment, plantarflexion /
dorsiflexion spring stiffness.
Mechanism: Range of motion are
independently adjustable to help simplify
18. The effects of an articulated ankle-foot orthosis with
resistance-adjustable joints on lower limb joint kinematics
and kinetics during gait in individuals post-stroke.
AIM & OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether the triple action ankle joint is
beneficial in post stroke cases.
METHADOLOGY:
Gait analysis was performed on 10 individuals with
stroke.
DATA COLLECTION:
8 resistance settings were used (4 plantarflexion and
4 dorsiflexion). Vicon motion capture system and a
Bertec split-belt instrumented treadmill.
19. RESULTS:
• The study found significant main
effects on the peak ankle and
knee flexor angles at initial
contact and peak ankle positive
power in stance were observed
with adjustments of resistance.
• The resistance generated from
an AFO is key mechanical
characteristics that can influence
kinetics of lower-limb joints
during walking.
20. CONCLUSION:
• Triple Action joints allow for independent adjustment of
plantarflexion and dorsiflexion resistance.
• Adjustments in resistance had significant effects on ankle
and knee angles at initial contact and peak ankle positive
power in stance.
• Resistance generated from an AFO is a key mechanical
characteristic that can influence lower limb joints during
walking.
• Customary practice in orthotics relies heavily on clinician
experience and clinical intuition to specify and adjust orthotic
design to the specific needs of the patient.
• Further work is necessary to investigate the long-term
effects of AFO on gait.
21. 5. OKLAHOMA ANKLE JOINT
• It provides articulation at the ankle
and free motion in sagittal plane by
assisting dorsiflexor muscles.
• Made of plastic therefore it is light in
weight as compared to other heavy
joints.
• Patient acceptance is high.
• INDICATIONS:
Foot drop.
Cerebral palsy.
Stroke.
22. 6. CAMBER AXIS ANKLE JOINT
• CAM’s ensure variable locking
positions in this joint. It provides
limited amount of Range of
motion.
• The components are
interchangeable.
• A durable stainless steel joint
that eliminates the need for
posterior stops.
23. Gillette Dorsiflexion Assist Ankle Joints
This system provides a full range
of options for thermoplastic
orthoses. The Flexible Ankle
Joints are available in four
different sizes: infant, pediatric,
child and adult.
These joints are designed for
applications that require
maximum functional stretch.
24. 8. SPRING ASSISTANCE (KLENZAK
HOUSING) JOINT
• This joint has a coil spring in the
posterior channel of the stirrup to
counteract plantar flexion and aid
dorsiflexion during the swing phase.
It is indicated when muscle function
allows a normal range of plantar and
dorsiflexion, but dorsiflexor muscles
are inadequate.
Spring