Origin of the Universe.ppt
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The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of the universe and the solar system. It states that the widely accepted Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the violent expansion of space-time and extremely dense and hot matter. It also describes the Nebular Hypothesis for the formation of the solar system, which suggests that the sun and planets formed from a giant rotating cloud of gas and dust approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Additionally, it briefly outlines other hypotheses such as the Creationist Theory, Oscillating Universe Theory, and Steady-State Theory.
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2. Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution through natural selection, which explained how species change over time in response to their environment.
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This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
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Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
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Exogenic Processes
Universe and Solar System
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1. It seems highly probable that there are other life forms exploring the universe besides humans. The universe is immense, with billions of galaxies and trillions of planets. Given these vast numbers, it would be surprising if life did not arise elsewhere. However, the distances involved are also immense, so contact with other civilizations may not occur for a very long time, if ever.
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This document outlines an Earth Science curriculum for grade 11 students in the 1st semester. It includes topics such as the origin and structure of Earth, Earth materials and processes, natural hazards, and the theories behind the origin of the universe. Lesson objectives are to describe theories of the universe's origin, explain its composition, illustrate theories, reflect on understanding origin, and develop teamwork. Activities include discussing theories of the universe's origin, explaining how the expanding universe is proven through redshift, and creating a portfolio illustrating and discussing theories of the universe's origin.
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Identify the different subsystems that make up the earth
Describe the interactions that transpire in each subsystem
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Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow
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This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the origin of the Solar System.
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The document discusses theories on the origin of the solar system. It begins by describing the basic composition of the solar system, including stars, planets, natural satellites, comets, asteroids, and the interplanetary medium. It then discusses several theories for how the solar system formed, including:
- The nebular hypothesis proposed in the 1700s that a rotating gaseous cloud contracted to form the sun and planets from the surrounding disc. However, it did not fully explain the distribution of angular momentum.
- Encounter hypotheses proposed interactions between stars caused matter to be drawn off and form planets, but cannot explain the different ages of the sun and planets.
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Senior High School | Earth Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11ES-Ic-6)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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Plate Tectonics
Wegener first proposed continental drift in the early 20th century, suggesting that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. While evidence like matching coastlines and fossil distributions supported drift, Wegener could not explain the forces driving plate motions. In the 1960s, the new theory of plate tectonics emerged, proposing that Earth's outer layer is broken into rigid plates that move over the mantle. At plate boundaries, plates diverge, converge, or slide past each other, creating geological features like mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones. Paleomagnetic and seafloor spreading evidence confirmed plate tectonics, and mantle convection is now understood to be the primary driver of
Historical Development of Theories on regards to the Origin of the Universe a...
Historical Development of Theories on regards to the Origin of the Universe a...MarkNicholzSimporios
The document discusses several theories on the origin of the universe and the solar system. The leading theory on the origin of the universe is the Big Bang Theory, which proposes that the universe began as a singularity that expanded over billions of years. Alternative theories included the Steady State theory and the Pulsating Universe theory. Regarding the origin of the solar system, early theories included the Vortex theory and Nebular Hypothesis. Later, Laplace expanded on the Nebular Hypothesis in his Nebular Theory. Additional theories examined the chemical composition of meteorites and proposed models like the Solar Nebular Disk Model.Earth science the origin of the universe
It contains about the Theories of the origin of the universe, suggested activities in Earth Science, Rocks and Minerals
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This document discusses meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites. It begins by asking readers if they have seen a shooting star and clarifying that a shooting star is actually a meteor. It then defines meteoroids as broken up rocks and dust from comets, asteroids, the Moon or Mars. When meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it heats up and burns, creating a meteor. Any fragment that survives this entry and reaches the ground is called a meteorite. The document differentiates these terms and shows where meteoroid, meteor and meteorite would be located. It includes a daily checkup quiz and assignment to research superstitious beliefs about space objects.
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2. According to the nebular hypothesis, Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago from accretion of planetary material in the solar nebula. Within the first 100-200 million years, early Earth had formed extensive oceans and seas.
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Earth and Life Science: Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Earth Science (for STEM): Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties.
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
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Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
10. Earth's Interior Heat Notes
Earth's interior heat comes from two main sources: residual heat left over from the planet's formation and ongoing radioactive decay within Earth's core and mantle. This heat keeps the outer core liquid through convection of iron and nickel, generating the Earth's magnetic field, and drives thermal convection in the mantle which powers plate tectonics at the surface. Heat is eventually released through volcanic and tectonic activity that forms and cools new crust.
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The Earth as a close system is composed of four main subsystems namely the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and the biosphere.
Deformation of Crust
The document discusses the deformation of rock crust through various tectonic processes. It defines deformation as the process by which crust is deformed along plate margins, producing geologic structures like folds, faults, joints and foliation. It describes how different rock types deform under stress through either ductile or brittle deformation. The key types of deformation discussed are folding, where layers of rock are bent, and faulting, where connected blocks of rock are displaced along a fracture plane. Common fold types include anticlines, synclines and monoclines. Fault types include normal, reverse, strike-slip and oblique-slip faults.
Origin of the universe
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old and contains countless galaxies, many with supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way galaxy is the one that contains our solar system. According to the leading Big Bang theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity which expanded rapidly approximately 13 billion years ago, resulting in the formation of hydrogen and helium from the cooling nuclear matter. Evidence for the expansion of the universe and the Big Bang model includes the redshift of distant galaxies and the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
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Ii. c. endogenic processes
The document summarizes endogenous processes that generate heat within the Earth and how that heat is transferred. It discusses two main sources of internal heat: primordial heat generated during Earth's formation through accretion and radioactive decay of isotopes. Heat is transferred through convection in the mantle and conduction at boundaries. Magmas form through decompression melting at mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes, or flux and heat transfer melting at subduction zones. Endogenous processes like magmatism, volcanism/plutonism, and metamorphism influence rock behavior and landform evolution.
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This ppt contains:
Formation of the Universe
Formation of the Solar System
Earth and its subsystems
The flow of matter and energy across each subsystem
The rock cycle and major classification of rocks
Minerals and their properties
Exogenic Processes
Universe and Solar System
Here are my thoughts on your questions:
1. It seems highly probable that there are other life forms exploring the universe besides humans. The universe is immense, with billions of galaxies and trillions of planets. Given these vast numbers, it would be surprising if life did not arise elsewhere. However, the distances involved are also immense, so contact with other civilizations may not occur for a very long time, if ever.
2. The expansion of the universe is occurring at the scale of galaxies and galaxy clusters - it does not affect smaller scales like the Earth-Sun distance. Gravity between the Earth and Sun is strong enough to overcome any tiny effects from the universe's expansion. So the increasing distance between galaxies will not directly
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The document discusses plate tectonics and describes how the Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that move over time. It explains that plate tectonics built upon Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. There are nine major tectonic plates and three types of plate boundaries - divergent boundaries which create mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys, convergent boundaries which cause subduction and mountain building, and transform boundaries where plates slide past each other like the San Andreas Fault. Convection currents in the Earth's mantle provide the driving force for plate movements.
Theories on the origin of the Universe.
The document describes several historical theories on the origin and structure of the universe from ancient times through the 20th century. These include: the Hindu cyclical universe theory; the Greek theories of a primordial mixture and atomic universes; the geocentric Aristotelian and Ptolemaic universes; the heliocentric theories of Aristarchus and Copernicus; Newton's static universe; the nebular hypothesis; Einstein's static universe; and the modern Big Bang theory formulated by Lemaitre that the universe began in a hot, dense state around 13.7 billion years ago.
ORIGIN OF EARTH AND IT’S PLACE IN UNIVERSE
The document discusses the origin and evolution of the universe, Earth, and life. It describes evidence that supports the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe approximately 13.8 billion years ago. It explains that galaxies, stars, and planets formed over time through evolutionary processes. The document also discusses different views on the origin and age of the universe, from both religious and scientific perspectives, including the idea of theistic evolution. It provides examples of the immense distances in the universe and compares the age of the Earth and the development of life to timescales in a hypothetical "cosmic calendar" representing the universe's age in one year.
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This document outlines an Earth Science curriculum for grade 11 students in the 1st semester. It includes topics such as the origin and structure of Earth, Earth materials and processes, natural hazards, and the theories behind the origin of the universe. Lesson objectives are to describe theories of the universe's origin, explain its composition, illustrate theories, reflect on understanding origin, and develop teamwork. Activities include discussing theories of the universe's origin, explaining how the expanding universe is proven through redshift, and creating a portfolio illustrating and discussing theories of the universe's origin.
Earth Subsystem
Learning objectives:
Identify the different subsystems that make up the earth
Describe the interactions that transpire in each subsystem
Diagram the subsystems that make up the earth including the interactions that transpire in each interface.
Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow
Earth and Life Science - Theories on the Origin of the Solar System
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the origin of the Solar System.
Theories on the origin of the Solar System
The document discusses theories on the origin of the solar system. It begins by describing the basic composition of the solar system, including stars, planets, natural satellites, comets, asteroids, and the interplanetary medium. It then discusses several theories for how the solar system formed, including:
- The nebular hypothesis proposed in the 1700s that a rotating gaseous cloud contracted to form the sun and planets from the surrounding disc. However, it did not fully explain the distribution of angular momentum.
- Encounter hypotheses proposed interactions between stars caused matter to be drawn off and form planets, but cannot explain the different ages of the sun and planets.
- The currently accepted protoplanet
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EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
Topic: Classification of Rocks / Types of Rocks
Senior High School | Earth and Life Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11/12ES-Ib-10)
Senior High School | Earth Science
Learning Competency: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. (S11ES-Ic-6)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
Plate Tectonics
Wegener first proposed continental drift in the early 20th century, suggesting that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. While evidence like matching coastlines and fossil distributions supported drift, Wegener could not explain the forces driving plate motions. In the 1960s, the new theory of plate tectonics emerged, proposing that Earth's outer layer is broken into rigid plates that move over the mantle. At plate boundaries, plates diverge, converge, or slide past each other, creating geological features like mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones. Paleomagnetic and seafloor spreading evidence confirmed plate tectonics, and mantle convection is now understood to be the primary driver of
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The document summarizes theories about the origin and evolution of the universe. It discusses:
1) The Big Bang theory, currently the accepted theory that the universe expanded from a tiny, dense mass 13.8 billion years ago. This theory is supported by evidence like the redshift of galaxies and cosmic microwave background radiation.
2) Other historical theories like the steady state theory that the universe has no beginning or end, and the cyclic universe theory of eternal expansion and contraction cycles.
3) Key stages in the evolution of the universe according to the Big Bang theory, from the initial rapid inflation to nucleosynthesis, formation of stars and galaxies, and current dark energy-dominated expansion.
CHAPTER 1- 0ctober 12,2021- Origin of the Universe.pptx
This document outlines key concepts about the Earth and the solar system. It discusses the content and performance standards for understanding the formation of the universe, solar system, and Earth's internal structure. The learning competencies cover explaining hypotheses of the universe's and solar system's origins, recognizing Earth's uniqueness, and describing the solar system's current advancements. Learners are expected to conduct surveys on possible geologic and weather hazards and understand the solar system's origins and Earth's subsystems.
Chapter1 originoftheuniverse
The document discusses several theories about the origin of the universe:
1) The Big Bang Theory proposes that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, all the matter and energy of the observable universe was concentrated into a hot, dense point, which exploded rapidly, causing the universe to expand and cool.
2) The Steady State Theory argues that the universe has always existed in its current state and new matter is continuously created as the universe expands to keep its density constant.
3) The Oscillating Universe Theory suggests that the expansion of the universe will eventually stop and reverse, causing the universe to collapse back on itself before exploding outward again in another Big Bang.
The document also outlines the Solar
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCEvddfidififiidii.docx
This document provides an overview of theories on the origin of the universe, the solar system, and life on Earth. It discusses both religious and scientific theories on the creation and evolution of the universe from ancient beliefs to modern concepts like the Big Bang theory and inflationary universe model. It also summarizes hypotheses for the formation of the solar system and conditions required to support life on Earth, describing Earth as a closed system with interconnected geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere subsystems.
THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF OUR UNIVERSE.pdf
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation of how the universe began from an infinitely hot and dense singularity around 13.7 billion years ago. It expanded at unimaginable speed initially, then more slowly over time, resulting in the universe we observe today. The cosmic microwave background provides evidence of this expansion. Within the first second after the Big Bang, the universe contained neutrons, electrons and protons and experienced a period of inflation and reheating. The steady state theory proposes an alternative where the universe has no beginning or end and matter is continuously created.
Theories on the Origin of the Universe.pdf
SHS - Earth and Life Science, Theories on the Origin of the Universe.
Universe and the Solar System
Objectives:
1. State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe
2. Describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the Solar System.
Other Theories on the Origin of the Universe.pptx
The document discusses several theories on the origin of the universe:
- The Steady State Theory proposed the universe has always and will always remain the same.
- The Oscillating Universe Theory proposed the universe exists in a cycle of big bangs and big crunches.
- The Eternal Inflation Theory proposes inflation never stops after the big bang.
- For the formation of the solar system, theories included the Nebular Hypothesis of a collapsing cloud forming the sun and planets, and the Condensation Theory of dust accumulating in the solar nebula.
Lesson 1 origin of the universe
1. The document discusses several theories on the origin of the universe and the solar system. It describes the leading theories for the formation of the universe as the Big Bang theory and inflationary theory, which propose that the universe began in an extremely hot and dense state around 13.8 billion years ago and rapidly expanded.
2. For the origin of the solar system, the most widely accepted is the nebular hypothesis, which suggests that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust around 4.6 billion years ago that flattened into a disk and planets formed from accretion of planetesimals within the disk.
3. Alternative theories proposed include the encounter hypothesis of a close star passing and stripping material,
big bang theory.pptx
The document discusses the origin and evolution of the Earth and the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It provides evidence from astronomers like George Lemaitre, who first proposed the Big Bang theory, and Edwin Hubble, who provided evidence of an expanding universe. The Big Bang theory states that approximately 13.7 billion years ago, the entire observable universe was concentrated into a very dense and hot singularity, and then rapidly expanded resulting in the formation of all matter. Astronomers have detected cosmic microwave background radiation and redshifts in distant galaxies as confirmation of the Big Bang.
The big bang project
The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago in an explosion from a single point of nearly infinite energy density and has been expanding ever since. Evidence for this theory includes Hubble's law of galaxy redshifts, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and abundances of light elements like hydrogen and helium. The early universe is described in different eras from the Planck era through nucleosynthesis and recombination. Inflation is proposed to have rapidly expanded the universe within the first fraction of a second. The Big Bang theory continues to be refined as new evidence is discovered.
The Big Bang project (astronomy) (3)
The document discusses the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago in an explosion from a single point of nearly infinite energy density and has been expanding ever since. Evidence for this theory includes Hubble's law of galaxy redshifts, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and abundances of light elements like hydrogen and helium. The early universe is described in different eras from the Planck era through nucleosynthesis and recombination. Inflation is proposed to have rapidly expanded the universe within the first fraction of a second. The Big Bang theory continues to be refined as new evidence is discovered.
origin of universe & big bang theory
The document summarizes the 10 key steps in the generally accepted theory of the formation and evolution of the universe according to the Big Bang theory:
1) The universe began as an incredibly hot, dense point that rapidly expanded in an event known as the Big Bang.
2) The universe underwent a period of rapid exponential expansion known as inflation shortly after the Big Bang.
3) Light chemical elements like hydrogen and helium formed in the first few minutes as the universe cooled and expanded.
4) After about 380,000 years, the universe cooled enough for light to shine through for the first time.
5) The first stars and galaxies emerged from the "cosmic dark ages" over the
Cosmology,bigbang and dark energy
Cosmology is the study of the universe, including its structure, origin and evolution. There have been three major revolutions in cosmological theories: 1) Ptolemy's 2nd century Earth-centered model, 2) Copernicus' 16th century Sun-centered model, and 3) Hubble's 20th century Big Bang model of an expanding universe. The Big Bang model is supported by observational evidence including the cosmic microwave background radiation, abundance of light elements, and accelerating expansion of the universe driven by dark energy. While well-established, the Big Bang model continues to be refined as new discoveries are made about dark matter and the nature of the early universe.
Introduction to big bang
The document summarizes problems that emerged with the Big Bang theory starting in the 1970s-1980s. Observational evidence showed:
1) Galaxies rotated too fast based on visible matter, implying 90% of matter is "dark matter".
2) The cosmic microwave background was too uniform across distances light could not have traveled, the "horizon problem".
3) The universe appeared "flat" requiring impossibly precise conditions shortly after the Big Bang.
4) Distant quasars existed too early, inconsistent with the universe's evolution. This "crisis in cosmology" suggested the Big Bang theory needed replacing.
The universe from the big bang until now in ten steps
There is a consensus that the universe has a beginning as well as an end, as the “Big Bang” theory indicates that the universe was dense, hot, and small, and then a big explosion occurred 13.8 billion years ago that expanded this small point in less than a billionth of a second to become It is billions of times larger than its original size in the so-called cosmic inflation phenomenon.
I. a. universe and solar system
This document discusses theories of the formation of the universe and solar system according to Earth science. It describes the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began from an explosion of dense matter around 13.8 billion years ago, as supported by evidence from cosmic microwave background radiation. It also discusses the cosmic inflation theory of rapid early expansion, and the steady state theory of a constantly expanding universe without a beginning. Regarding solar system formation, it outlines the nebular hypothesis of planets forming from a rotating gas disk around the young Sun, and the planetesimal and tidal theories involving accumulation of small planetary bodies.
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CHAPTER 1- 0ctober 12,2021- Origin of the Universe.pptx
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The universe from the big bang until now in ten steps
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S11.12ES-Ii-40.ppt
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The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of the universe and the solar system. It states that the widely accepted Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from the violent expansion of space-time and extremely dense and hot matter. It also describes the Nebular Hypothesis for the formation of the solar system, which suggests that the sun and planets formed from a giant rotating cloud of gas and dust approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Additionally, it briefly outlines other hypotheses such as the Creationist Theory, Oscillating Universe Theory, and Steady-State Theory.
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Origin of the Universe.ppt
- 1. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE QUARTER I
- 2. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Learning Competency: • State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe – S11/12ES-Ia-e-1 • Describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system – S11/12ES-Ia-e-2 2
- 3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe Cosmology is the study of the universe, including its properties, structure and evolution. The universe began 10-15 billion years ago, when an explosion called the Big Bang occurred. The first 3 minutes after, great quantities of hydrogen and helium were created, spanning apart at great speeds. 3
- 4. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. 3 million years later, huge clouds stretching 500 million light years across, began to condense. After about 200 million years, these condensations formed the first galaxies ( the birthplace of the stars and of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. 4
- 5. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. The Big Bang Theory - All of the energy and matter of the universe were compressed into a hot and dense state. - Temperature decreased sufficiently to allow clumps of matter to collect. - These materials formed the first nebulae which evolved into the first stars and galaxies. 5
- 6. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. - Our Solar system were formed 5 billion years later. - In 1930, the American astronomer Edwin P. Hubble showed that the universe is expanding. 6
- 7. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. Creationist Theory - This theory states that God, the Supreme Being, created the whole universe out of nothing - The proof can be read in the Holy Bible Stipulating that God created the heavens and the earth including man.
- 8. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. Oscillating Universe Theory - Was proposed by Russian-born US cosmologist George Gamow who helped explain the Big Bang Theory. - The expansion of the universe will eventually come to a halt then collapses up to the time that the universe will return to its original form and another Big Bang will occur. 8
- 9. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. Steady-State Theory - States that the universe has always been the same since the beginning and will remain in its present state until eternity. - Claims that new galaxies appear as a result of the drifting apart of other galaxies 9
- 10. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Universe cont. 10 The Origin of the Universe
- 11. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Solar System In 1796, Marquis de Laplace, a French astronomer proposed the nebular hypothesis: a) That the solar system system evolved from a slowly rotating gaseous cloud. b) As it cooled by radiation and contracted, it rotated faster and faster, causing the gas to take a dish-like form. 11
- 12. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Solar System cont c) At a certain speed the gravitational attraction could no longer hold the outer material to the central mass, and it broke into the ring. This material condensed and formed a planet. d) The process continued, forming planets at various distances from the sun. The moons around the planets were formed by the same process. 12
- 13. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Origin of the Solar System cont. 13 Exploring our Solar System
- 14. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION References: • Salandanan, G. et.al. (2016). Earth and Life Sciences for Senior High School (Core Subject). Lorimar Publishing Inc. 14
- 15. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- science
- science