Theories about the origin of the universe and the solar system

2. What Is Earth Science?
 field of study concerned with
the planet Earth or one or
more of its parts.

3. a) I can explain the theories of universe
and solar system formation;
b) I can identify the evidence that would
be the basis of the origin of the
universe; and
c) I can differentiate inner planet from
outer planet.
PLEDGE OF LEARNING

4. THE FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE

5. A. BIG BANG THEORY
B. COSMIC INFLATION
THEORY
C. STEADY STATE THEORY

6. A. BIG BANG THEORY

7.  Astronomers based their new finding
on the beginning of the universe
through cosmic microwave
background (CMB).
 It is the thermal radiation used in
observational cosmology because it
is considered as the oldest light in
the universe.

8.  CMB can be detected as a glow
which is believed to be the remnant
of the from the early stage of the
development of the universe.
 Scientist speculate through the CMB
evidence that when the universe was
young, before the stars and planets
even existed, the universe was
denser and hotter.

9.  Then the space expanded and
cooled because of the expansion.
 The CMB was believed to have the
been released 380 000 years after
the Big Bang.
 Recent measurement of the age of
the universe shows that it is actually
older at 13.82 billion years, rather
than 13.7 billion years as previously
thought.

11. B. COSMIC INFLATION
THEORY

12.  The early universe went under
rapid expansion in space-time.
 The theory states that the early
universe was a rapidly
expanding bubble of pure
vacuum energy.

13.  It did not have any matter or radiation.
After the expansion and cooling due to
inflation, the potential energy was
converted into kinetic energy of matter
and radiation. Then the big bang occurred
because of the extremely hot dense
condition of the matter. Seconds after the
explosion, matter began to clump
together. Eventually, stars were formed,
and then the galaxies.

14.  A simple way of illustrating this is to inflate
the balloon with small bumps. As you
inflate the balloon continuously, its
surface reaches a point of flatness where
the small mumps could not be recognizing
anymore. This similar idea accounts for
the approximate flatness (lack of
curvature) look in the space-time
universe.

15. C. STEADY STATE THEORY

16.  States that the universe is always
expanding. It also states that new matter
constantly formed as the universe
continues to expand. The older bodies
eventually became out of sight as a
consequence of their increasing distance
and rate of recession. This theory further
claim that the universe has no beginning
or end in time, and even tough it is
expanding, its appearance remains the
same over time.

17. FORMATION
of the
SOLAR SYSTEM

18. KWL CHART
What you
Know
What you
Want to
know
What you
have
Learned

19. STAR SYSTEM
♥ Is also called stellar system
♥ a small number of stars that
orbit each other.

20. Theories
that explain the
ORIGIN
of the
STAR SYSTEM

21. Nebular Hypothesis
Planetesimal Theory
Tidal Theory

22. A. Nebular Hypothesis
o It was developed by Immanuel
Kant an Pierre-Simon Laplace in
the 18th century

24. • It presupposes that around 4.6
billion years ago, a star systems
was formed from a rotating Cloud
of gas–or nebular-of extremely hot
gas. When the gas cooled, the
nebula began to shrink, and as it
became smaller, it rotated faster,
casting off rings of gas and forming
a disk-like shape.

25. • The centrifugal force from the nebula’s
rotation and the gravitational force
from the mass of the nebula formed
the rings of the gas outside. As the
nebula continued to shrink, these rings
condensed into various densities of the
planet and their satellites. The
remaining part of the nebula, which
has the most mass, formed the sun.

26. • Proposed by Victor Safronov and was
developed later by T.C. Chamberlin and
F.R. Moulton.
• Describe the formation of the planets as
asserted in the nebular hypothesis.
Planetesimal Theory

27. • The theory states that in the early period
of the solar system, planets were formed
from the accretion of small space bodies.
The gravity due to the accretion which also
increased the size of the planetesimals.

28.  Developed by James Jeans and Sir Harold Jeffreys in
1917.
 A star passed close to the sun where the tidal force or the
secondary effect of gravitational pull between the passing
star and the sun drew large amount of matter out of the sun
the passing star. Some of the drawn out matter quickly
cooled to become solid bodies called planetesimals. Other
grew in size because of colliding and sticking together with
passing object in space, eventually forming large clumps
and gathering more and more matter.
Tidal Theory