The document discusses several theories on the origin and nature of society: 1) Thomas Hobbes viewed the state of nature as one of "universal strife" and civil society was created through mutual agreement for protection. 2) John Locke saw the state of nature as a "golden age" but property was insecure, so civil society was formed to protect property and preserve order. 3) Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that as populations grew and quarrels increased, civil society was necessitated through a social contract to restore individual rights and have a sovereign with legislative power.

1. ORIGIN OF SOCIETY
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY-THEORIES
THOMAS HOBBES(1588-1679)
 State of nature- universal strife
 Man is solitary liberty
 Civil society created
 By mutual agreement
JOHN LOCKE(1632-1704)
 State of nature- a golden age
 Men are equal and free
 But property was insecure
 Property meant life,liberty,estate
 To protect property
 To preserve order
 Empowered state to make laws
JEAN JAQUES ROUSSEAU(1712-1778)
 Man in state of,equal,happy
 Growth of population,quarrels
 Necessitated civil society
 Man entered in contract
 To restore their rights

2. SOCIAL CONTRACT
 By contract-state formed
 To guarantee rights,liberties
 Sovereign has legislative power
GENERAL WILL
 The will of whole community
 The general good, public good
CRITICISM
 Social contract theory-illesory
 Not based on hobistic facts
 Individual precedes society- not correct

3. ORGANISMIC THEORY
HERBERT SPENCER
 Social structure compared to animal body
 Society is an organism
 Individuals-cells of body
 Society-No external form
CRITICISM
 Analogies- misleading
 Society not funtioning
 As human body

4. GROUP MIND THEORY
DURKHEIM
 Theory of collective consciousness
 Individual in crowd
 Acts differently
 Due to group mind
CRITICISM
 Group min- thinking, feeling in like ways
 Theory subordinates individual to society-not correct
 This theory-not reality
 Mind of group-no evidence