Reference:
1.'Tulips and prefabrication:Hungarian architects in the bind of state socialist modernization in the 1970s"by Virag Molnar, Princeton University
Basic overview of the political, cultural and social influences on 20th century Architecture based on Kenneth Frampton's "Modern Architecture: A Critical History', for teaching fifth semester B.Arch students of University of Calicut.
Robert Venturi was an influential American architect known for pioneering postmodern architecture. Some of his notable works include the Vanna Venturi House (1964), which rejected modernism's orthogonality and minimalism, and helped establish postmodernism. He also designed the Episcopal Academy Chapel (2008), with its layered walls that allow light and movement. Venturi believed architecture should communicate meaning and reference history through complexity, contradiction, and symbolism.
This document presents information on five modern architects: Alejandro Aravena, Vo Trong Nghia, Emmanuel Miñana, Santiago Calatrava, and Daniel Libeskind. It provides biographical details and descriptions of their architectural philosophies and styles. It highlights some of their most famous works, including Aravena's Quinta Monroy social housing project in Chile, Vo Trong Nghia's bamboo structures in Vietnam, Miñana's Tantoco home in the Philippines, Calatrava's train stations and bridges, and Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin and other cultural buildings. The document cites their various accomplishments and influences.
Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century in response to industrialization and new technologies. Architects rejected historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simple, clean designs using new materials like steel, glass, and concrete. Some key developments included the Arts and Crafts movement emphasizing craftsmanship, Art Nouveau's organic forms, and early modernist buildings using steel frames and large windows. Pioneers like Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe further developed the International Style characterized by geometric forms, lack of ornament, and expressing the structure.
The De Stijl art movement originated in the Netherlands in 1917. It aimed to express universal concepts through simplification and abstraction using primary colors, black, white, and gray as well as horizontal and vertical lines. Designers formulated a new vocabulary for architecture by taking houses apart and reassembling them with an emphasis on cubes, flat planes, and the relationship between solids and voids. Furniture and interior design were conceived as one with the architecture, emphasizing straight lines, rectangles, and geometry. The Schroder House, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, exemplifies De Stijl principles with its asymmetrical design, primary colors, and separation of planes.
Neomodern architecture began emerging in 1980 in Toronto, Canada with The Bay Adelaine Centre. It is a reaction to complexity that seeks simplicity through rejecting classical ornamentation and embracing functional, monolithic designs. Neomodern buildings are inspired by futuristic and modern styles and make use of innovative materials and forms like curves, arches, and asymmetric shapes. Examples of neomodern architecture included the American Folk Art Museum, St. John Villa, Aurora Place in Sydney, and London Bridge Tower.
The document summarizes architectural styles from the 1920s-1930s, including Modernism, Expressionism, Bauhaus, International Style, and Art Deco. It discusses how World War I led to simplified forms in Europe and a new style combining simplicity and minimal ornamentation in the US. Key modernist architects like Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Mies van der Rohe rejected historical styles in favor of reduced forms expressing structure and function. The Bauhaus school also emphasized functionality and influenced the later International Style of glass, steel, and concrete buildings. Expressionism used distorted forms to create emotional responses.
Basic overview of the political, cultural and social influences on 20th century Architecture based on Kenneth Frampton's "Modern Architecture: A Critical History', for teaching fifth semester B.Arch students of University of Calicut.
Robert Venturi was an influential American architect known for pioneering postmodern architecture. Some of his notable works include the Vanna Venturi House (1964), which rejected modernism's orthogonality and minimalism, and helped establish postmodernism. He also designed the Episcopal Academy Chapel (2008), with its layered walls that allow light and movement. Venturi believed architecture should communicate meaning and reference history through complexity, contradiction, and symbolism.
This document presents information on five modern architects: Alejandro Aravena, Vo Trong Nghia, Emmanuel Miñana, Santiago Calatrava, and Daniel Libeskind. It provides biographical details and descriptions of their architectural philosophies and styles. It highlights some of their most famous works, including Aravena's Quinta Monroy social housing project in Chile, Vo Trong Nghia's bamboo structures in Vietnam, Miñana's Tantoco home in the Philippines, Calatrava's train stations and bridges, and Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin and other cultural buildings. The document cites their various accomplishments and influences.
Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century in response to industrialization and new technologies. Architects rejected historical styles and ornamentation in favor of simple, clean designs using new materials like steel, glass, and concrete. Some key developments included the Arts and Crafts movement emphasizing craftsmanship, Art Nouveau's organic forms, and early modernist buildings using steel frames and large windows. Pioneers like Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe further developed the International Style characterized by geometric forms, lack of ornament, and expressing the structure.
The De Stijl art movement originated in the Netherlands in 1917. It aimed to express universal concepts through simplification and abstraction using primary colors, black, white, and gray as well as horizontal and vertical lines. Designers formulated a new vocabulary for architecture by taking houses apart and reassembling them with an emphasis on cubes, flat planes, and the relationship between solids and voids. Furniture and interior design were conceived as one with the architecture, emphasizing straight lines, rectangles, and geometry. The Schroder House, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, exemplifies De Stijl principles with its asymmetrical design, primary colors, and separation of planes.
Neomodern architecture began emerging in 1980 in Toronto, Canada with The Bay Adelaine Centre. It is a reaction to complexity that seeks simplicity through rejecting classical ornamentation and embracing functional, monolithic designs. Neomodern buildings are inspired by futuristic and modern styles and make use of innovative materials and forms like curves, arches, and asymmetric shapes. Examples of neomodern architecture included the American Folk Art Museum, St. John Villa, Aurora Place in Sydney, and London Bridge Tower.
The document summarizes architectural styles from the 1920s-1930s, including Modernism, Expressionism, Bauhaus, International Style, and Art Deco. It discusses how World War I led to simplified forms in Europe and a new style combining simplicity and minimal ornamentation in the US. Key modernist architects like Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Mies van der Rohe rejected historical styles in favor of reduced forms expressing structure and function. The Bauhaus school also emphasized functionality and influenced the later International Style of glass, steel, and concrete buildings. Expressionism used distorted forms to create emotional responses.
The document discusses four major movements in architecture from the late 20th century: Postmodernism, Deconstructivism, High-Tech, and Contextualism. Postmodernism rejected the minimalism of Modernism in favor of ornamentation and references to historical styles. Deconstructivism used fragmented and non-rectilinear shapes influenced by Cubism. High-Tech architecture prominently displayed the building's technical components and structure. Contextualism emphasized responding to a building's site through vernacularism, regionalism, and critical regionalism.
history of modern architecture - lecture 2Shahril Khairi
This document provides an overview of different styles within modern architecture, including modern classicism, expressionism, cubism, and futurism. It summarizes key works representing each style, such as the A.E.G. High Tension Factory by Peter Behrens as an example of modern classicism, the Notre Dame du Raincy church by Auguste Perret also exemplifying modern classicism, and the Einstein Tower by Erich Mendelsohn showing expressionism. Antonio Sant'Elia's unbuilt designs are described as representative of futurism, while the only truly cubist buildings included the works of Josef Gocar in Czechoslovakia. Each movement is briefly characterized and important figures are introduced with short bi
The document discusses historicism in architecture, which emerged in the 19th century as architects revived styles from the past using new materials. New technologies like iron, steel, and glass freed building design from constraints of traditional materials. Architects embraced geometric forms from classical architecture or drew from medieval styles. By creatively blending elements of different periods, historicism opened up design possibilities and conferred artistic freedom beyond chronological limits. It aimed to recover national architectural roots through Gothic, Islamic, or other revival styles.
The document provides an overview of the Arts and Crafts movement between 1880-1910. It discusses key influences like John Ruskin and William Morris who advocated for handcrafted goods and criticized the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. The movement sought to integrate art into everyday life through principles like craftsmanship, simplicity of form, and use of natural motifs. Notable architects like Philip Webb designed houses like the Red House that exemplified Arts and Crafts ideals through their use of local materials and emphasis on craft. The style became popular internationally and helped shape the aesthetic of the era.
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object.
Large figurative elements such as monumental sculpture and their equivalents in decorative art are excluded from the term; most ornament does not include human figures, and if present they are small compared to the overall scale.
Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed with plaster or clay, or painted or impressed onto a surface as applied ornament.
In other applied arts the main material of the object, or a different one such as paint or vitreous enamel may be used.
A wide variety of decorative styles and motifs have been developed for architecture and the applied arts, including pottery, furniture, metalwork.
In textiles, wallpaper and other objects where the decoration may be the main justification for its existence, the terms pattern or design are more likely to be used.
In textiles, wallpaper and other objects where the decoration may be the main justification for its existence, the terms pattern or design are more likely to be used.
The document summarizes major architectural styles from the 20th century, including Modernism, Art Nouveau, De Stijl, Art Deco, the Bauhaus, Mid-Century Modern, and Post-Modernism. It provides examples of key works such as the Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright, the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe, and the Pompidou Center in Paris by Rogers and Piano. The styles reflected new technologies and materials as well as rejections or returns to historical references over the decades covered.
Humanity : art nouveau, art deco, pre war ,prairie ,contemporary style of arc...Sushil Kumar Gupta.
The document provides information on 20th century pre-war architectural styles. It discusses the history and key characteristics of pre-war homes built between 1890 and 1940, including hardwood floors, high ceilings, fireplaces, and ornate details. Examples of iconic pre-war buildings like the Beresford apartment building in New York and 740 Park Avenue are described. The document also covers the Art Nouveau style originating in Belgium and France in the 1880s, characterized by organic forms and flowing botanical motifs. Notable Art Nouveau architects like Victor Horta and Hector Guimard are discussed.
Vladimir Tatlin designed the Monument to the 3rd International in 1919 as a towering spiral structure to honor the Russian Revolution that was never built. Gerrit Rietveld's 1924 Schroder House in the Netherlands featured De Stijl architecture influences with sliding screens and moveable panels. Walter Gropius established the influential Bauhaus school in Germany in 1925 that promoted functional design and was later shut down by the Nazis. Mies van der Rohe's 1922 model for a glass skyscraper inspired later tall buildings with its illusion of movement. Le Corbusier designed the 1929 Villa Savoye outside Paris as a "machine for living" with open floor plans and ramp access.
James Stirling was a British architect known for transitioning from Modernism to Postmodernism. He started with International Style buildings using traditional materials but with innovative designs. By the 1970s, his works showed more contextualism and reference to history. His most famous building, the Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, displayed his powerful revised modernism through its geometric forms and use of color, though it had decorative elements.
This document discusses the origins and development of historicism in architecture. It emerged in the 19th century in response to the Industrial Revolution and new building materials like iron, glass and steel. Historicism involved reviving architectural styles from the past, including Greek, classical, Romanesque and Gothic styles. It allowed architects more creative freedom and helped distinguish national identities. While it slowed architectural evolution, historicism remained influential through different adaptations of historical forms.
Adolf loos pre-modern architectural interventionistJUNITOarch
Adolf Loos was an Austrian architect and writer active in Vienna in the early 20th century. He opposed the ornamentation and historicism prevalent in contemporary architecture and sought to develop a pre-modern style suited for his time. Through writings like "Ornament and Crime" he formulated a literary intervention criticizing ornamentation and arguing for unornamented architecture reflecting utility and modern life. This informed his architectural interventions like the Goldman & Salatsch building which featured a stark, unornamented design focused on function over decoration. Loos' rational approach to design drew from thinkers like Kant and Dewey and had a significant influence on the development of modern architecture.
Philip Johnson was an influential American architect who helped introduce modern architecture to the United States. He founded the architecture department at MoMA in 1930 and curated a landmark exhibition on the International Style. Johnson's Glass House, built in 1949, was his masterpiece that explored modern design through its use of glass and steel. Throughout his career, Johnson designed many iconic office towers in various styles, including collaborating with Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building. He is credited with popularizing modern architecture and elevating the status of architects.
Modern architecture began in the early 20th century as architects sought to reconcile design principles with advancing technology and modernization. Key characteristics included simplification of forms, expression of structure, and use of industrial materials. Important early figures included Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. The Bauhaus school, founded in 1919, promoted rational design and the International Style spread its influence globally after World War 2. Regional styles also emerged, like Desert Modernism in the American Southwest, characterized by expansive glass and integration with the natural landscape.
The document summarizes key events in architecture, design, and society during the 1970s. It discusses the rise of postmodernism and high-tech architecture as reactions against modernism. Some notable projects included the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Sears Tower in Chicago. Residential architecture saw a return to traditional styles through neo-Mansard homes. The 1970s also saw increased environmental awareness and the beginning of the green building movement in response to the oil crisis.
Paolo Portoghesi is an Italian architect known for his postmodern and contemporary works that blend classical and modern elements. Some key points:
- He helped launch postmodernism in Italy in the 1960s with works like the Strada Novissima that combined historical references.
- His designs often feature concentric circles and domes inspired by nature and the theme of "God is light." Materials like marble and travertine also reference classical styles.
- Notable works include the Strasbourg Mosque with its central dome and 16 smaller domes, and the Church of the Holy Family with its mesmerizing concentric circles representing the wholeness of God.
- Portoghesi
The document summarizes major architectural styles from 1900 to the present. It describes the International Style of the 1920s-1950s as being stripped of decoration, using glass, steel, and hard angles. It influenced corporate architecture in the 1950s. Frank Lloyd Wright incorporated nature and organic forms while still using industrial materials. Postmodern architecture from the 1950s-1990s featured playful, eclectic forms mixing historical references. Major architects like Gehry and Hadid created distinctive, sculptural buildings.
John Ruskin- The Seven Lamps of ArchitectureVaibhav Mudgal
From Theory of Architecture the presentation is about the modern philosopher/writer/architect/artist john ruskin and his book seven lamps of architecture
Art Deco was an influential design style that emerged after World War I, characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and lavish ornamentation. It represented luxury, modernism, and faith in social and technological progress. Many buildings from the 1930s-1940s have an Art Deco exterior with symmetrical designs, distinctive windows and colors. Identifying characteristics of Art Deco architecture include rounded corners, horizontal banding, columns, glass blocks, and zigzag or stepped designs. Materials often included stucco, concrete, stone, and terra cotta. Windows were usually arranged in continuous horizontal bands. Prominent Art Deco buildings included the Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and Radio City Music Hall.
The document summarizes the services provided by COGEM SRL, an Italian construction company. COGEM was established in 2014 by four partners with over 25 years of combined experience in construction. The company offers expertise in real estate development, construction, engineering, architecture, and interior design. Some of COGEM's notable projects include the pavilions for Estonia, Hungary, and Austria at Expo 2015, as well as hotels, shopping centers, and industrial buildings.
Old-Russian wooden architecture represents the beauty and essence of Russian culture through magnificent ensembles, churches, and farmsteads built from wood and clay. Wooden construction formed the basis of early Russian architectural style by providing an optimal blend of aesthetics and practicality. Traditional building methods emphasized the use of axes over saws to join wood in a way that protected the structural integrity of buildings. Some of the best preserved examples of medieval Russian wooden architecture can now be found abandoned deep within forests and preserved in specialized museums.
The document discusses four major movements in architecture from the late 20th century: Postmodernism, Deconstructivism, High-Tech, and Contextualism. Postmodernism rejected the minimalism of Modernism in favor of ornamentation and references to historical styles. Deconstructivism used fragmented and non-rectilinear shapes influenced by Cubism. High-Tech architecture prominently displayed the building's technical components and structure. Contextualism emphasized responding to a building's site through vernacularism, regionalism, and critical regionalism.
history of modern architecture - lecture 2Shahril Khairi
This document provides an overview of different styles within modern architecture, including modern classicism, expressionism, cubism, and futurism. It summarizes key works representing each style, such as the A.E.G. High Tension Factory by Peter Behrens as an example of modern classicism, the Notre Dame du Raincy church by Auguste Perret also exemplifying modern classicism, and the Einstein Tower by Erich Mendelsohn showing expressionism. Antonio Sant'Elia's unbuilt designs are described as representative of futurism, while the only truly cubist buildings included the works of Josef Gocar in Czechoslovakia. Each movement is briefly characterized and important figures are introduced with short bi
The document discusses historicism in architecture, which emerged in the 19th century as architects revived styles from the past using new materials. New technologies like iron, steel, and glass freed building design from constraints of traditional materials. Architects embraced geometric forms from classical architecture or drew from medieval styles. By creatively blending elements of different periods, historicism opened up design possibilities and conferred artistic freedom beyond chronological limits. It aimed to recover national architectural roots through Gothic, Islamic, or other revival styles.
The document provides an overview of the Arts and Crafts movement between 1880-1910. It discusses key influences like John Ruskin and William Morris who advocated for handcrafted goods and criticized the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. The movement sought to integrate art into everyday life through principles like craftsmanship, simplicity of form, and use of natural motifs. Notable architects like Philip Webb designed houses like the Red House that exemplified Arts and Crafts ideals through their use of local materials and emphasis on craft. The style became popular internationally and helped shape the aesthetic of the era.
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object.
Large figurative elements such as monumental sculpture and their equivalents in decorative art are excluded from the term; most ornament does not include human figures, and if present they are small compared to the overall scale.
Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed with plaster or clay, or painted or impressed onto a surface as applied ornament.
In other applied arts the main material of the object, or a different one such as paint or vitreous enamel may be used.
A wide variety of decorative styles and motifs have been developed for architecture and the applied arts, including pottery, furniture, metalwork.
In textiles, wallpaper and other objects where the decoration may be the main justification for its existence, the terms pattern or design are more likely to be used.
In textiles, wallpaper and other objects where the decoration may be the main justification for its existence, the terms pattern or design are more likely to be used.
The document summarizes major architectural styles from the 20th century, including Modernism, Art Nouveau, De Stijl, Art Deco, the Bauhaus, Mid-Century Modern, and Post-Modernism. It provides examples of key works such as the Guggenheim Museum by Frank Lloyd Wright, the Barcelona Chair by Mies van der Rohe, and the Pompidou Center in Paris by Rogers and Piano. The styles reflected new technologies and materials as well as rejections or returns to historical references over the decades covered.
Humanity : art nouveau, art deco, pre war ,prairie ,contemporary style of arc...Sushil Kumar Gupta.
The document provides information on 20th century pre-war architectural styles. It discusses the history and key characteristics of pre-war homes built between 1890 and 1940, including hardwood floors, high ceilings, fireplaces, and ornate details. Examples of iconic pre-war buildings like the Beresford apartment building in New York and 740 Park Avenue are described. The document also covers the Art Nouveau style originating in Belgium and France in the 1880s, characterized by organic forms and flowing botanical motifs. Notable Art Nouveau architects like Victor Horta and Hector Guimard are discussed.
Vladimir Tatlin designed the Monument to the 3rd International in 1919 as a towering spiral structure to honor the Russian Revolution that was never built. Gerrit Rietveld's 1924 Schroder House in the Netherlands featured De Stijl architecture influences with sliding screens and moveable panels. Walter Gropius established the influential Bauhaus school in Germany in 1925 that promoted functional design and was later shut down by the Nazis. Mies van der Rohe's 1922 model for a glass skyscraper inspired later tall buildings with its illusion of movement. Le Corbusier designed the 1929 Villa Savoye outside Paris as a "machine for living" with open floor plans and ramp access.
James Stirling was a British architect known for transitioning from Modernism to Postmodernism. He started with International Style buildings using traditional materials but with innovative designs. By the 1970s, his works showed more contextualism and reference to history. His most famous building, the Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, displayed his powerful revised modernism through its geometric forms and use of color, though it had decorative elements.
This document discusses the origins and development of historicism in architecture. It emerged in the 19th century in response to the Industrial Revolution and new building materials like iron, glass and steel. Historicism involved reviving architectural styles from the past, including Greek, classical, Romanesque and Gothic styles. It allowed architects more creative freedom and helped distinguish national identities. While it slowed architectural evolution, historicism remained influential through different adaptations of historical forms.
Adolf loos pre-modern architectural interventionistJUNITOarch
Adolf Loos was an Austrian architect and writer active in Vienna in the early 20th century. He opposed the ornamentation and historicism prevalent in contemporary architecture and sought to develop a pre-modern style suited for his time. Through writings like "Ornament and Crime" he formulated a literary intervention criticizing ornamentation and arguing for unornamented architecture reflecting utility and modern life. This informed his architectural interventions like the Goldman & Salatsch building which featured a stark, unornamented design focused on function over decoration. Loos' rational approach to design drew from thinkers like Kant and Dewey and had a significant influence on the development of modern architecture.
Philip Johnson was an influential American architect who helped introduce modern architecture to the United States. He founded the architecture department at MoMA in 1930 and curated a landmark exhibition on the International Style. Johnson's Glass House, built in 1949, was his masterpiece that explored modern design through its use of glass and steel. Throughout his career, Johnson designed many iconic office towers in various styles, including collaborating with Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building. He is credited with popularizing modern architecture and elevating the status of architects.
Modern architecture began in the early 20th century as architects sought to reconcile design principles with advancing technology and modernization. Key characteristics included simplification of forms, expression of structure, and use of industrial materials. Important early figures included Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. The Bauhaus school, founded in 1919, promoted rational design and the International Style spread its influence globally after World War 2. Regional styles also emerged, like Desert Modernism in the American Southwest, characterized by expansive glass and integration with the natural landscape.
The document summarizes key events in architecture, design, and society during the 1970s. It discusses the rise of postmodernism and high-tech architecture as reactions against modernism. Some notable projects included the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Sears Tower in Chicago. Residential architecture saw a return to traditional styles through neo-Mansard homes. The 1970s also saw increased environmental awareness and the beginning of the green building movement in response to the oil crisis.
Paolo Portoghesi is an Italian architect known for his postmodern and contemporary works that blend classical and modern elements. Some key points:
- He helped launch postmodernism in Italy in the 1960s with works like the Strada Novissima that combined historical references.
- His designs often feature concentric circles and domes inspired by nature and the theme of "God is light." Materials like marble and travertine also reference classical styles.
- Notable works include the Strasbourg Mosque with its central dome and 16 smaller domes, and the Church of the Holy Family with its mesmerizing concentric circles representing the wholeness of God.
- Portoghesi
The document summarizes major architectural styles from 1900 to the present. It describes the International Style of the 1920s-1950s as being stripped of decoration, using glass, steel, and hard angles. It influenced corporate architecture in the 1950s. Frank Lloyd Wright incorporated nature and organic forms while still using industrial materials. Postmodern architecture from the 1950s-1990s featured playful, eclectic forms mixing historical references. Major architects like Gehry and Hadid created distinctive, sculptural buildings.
John Ruskin- The Seven Lamps of ArchitectureVaibhav Mudgal
From Theory of Architecture the presentation is about the modern philosopher/writer/architect/artist john ruskin and his book seven lamps of architecture
Art Deco was an influential design style that emerged after World War I, characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and lavish ornamentation. It represented luxury, modernism, and faith in social and technological progress. Many buildings from the 1930s-1940s have an Art Deco exterior with symmetrical designs, distinctive windows and colors. Identifying characteristics of Art Deco architecture include rounded corners, horizontal banding, columns, glass blocks, and zigzag or stepped designs. Materials often included stucco, concrete, stone, and terra cotta. Windows were usually arranged in continuous horizontal bands. Prominent Art Deco buildings included the Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and Radio City Music Hall.
The document summarizes the services provided by COGEM SRL, an Italian construction company. COGEM was established in 2014 by four partners with over 25 years of combined experience in construction. The company offers expertise in real estate development, construction, engineering, architecture, and interior design. Some of COGEM's notable projects include the pavilions for Estonia, Hungary, and Austria at Expo 2015, as well as hotels, shopping centers, and industrial buildings.
Old-Russian wooden architecture represents the beauty and essence of Russian culture through magnificent ensembles, churches, and farmsteads built from wood and clay. Wooden construction formed the basis of early Russian architectural style by providing an optimal blend of aesthetics and practicality. Traditional building methods emphasized the use of axes over saws to join wood in a way that protected the structural integrity of buildings. Some of the best preserved examples of medieval Russian wooden architecture can now be found abandoned deep within forests and preserved in specialized museums.
This document provides information on old Russian architecture from the 12th century, listing numerous churches and cathedrals built between 1150-1197 in locations such as Belarus, Vladimir, Smolensk, Ukraine, and Pskov. It includes both exterior and interior images of churches like the Church of the Transfiguration, Golden Gate, and Cathedral of St. Demetrios to showcase architectural details from this era.
10TH CENTRAL ASIA. RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE: LCE session, bim III, 2013Artistic Education
This document contains a quarterly evaluation for a 10th grade Art class. It includes several assignments:
1) Students identified common architectural characteristics like domes and bell towers in images of religious buildings from India and Russia.
2) Students imagined designing a church of the future, describing the ideals of their religion and explaining the meaning and design of three main parts of the church.
3) Students were to draw their futuristic church design on watercolor paper and use watercolors to finish it.
4) Finally, students analyzed how well their graphic expression achieved the objectives of using color and composition in their painting as it related to cultural issues and their personal interests. They graded their own work and justified
The document provides an overview of the history and architecture of churches. It discusses the origins of Christianity and the teachings of Jesus Christ. It then outlines the major historical developments in church design from early Christian basilicas to modern structures incorporating new materials like concrete. Different types of churches are also defined like cathedrals, chapels, and convents. The document concludes with an analysis of two specific church case studies - The Holy Rosary Catholic Church in Dhaka, Bangladesh and The Jubilee Church in Rome, Italy designed by Richard Meier.
Kizhi Pogost is an open-air museum located on Kizhi Island in Russia, known for its wooden churches. The complex includes the 22-domed Church of the Transfiguration from 1714, the Intercession Church with 9 domes from 1694, and a 30m bell tower from the 19th century. The architecture is representative of traditional northern Russian wooden structures, using wood, clay, and copper domes. The ensemble was protected as a historical reserve in 1945 and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its preservation of ancient Russian wooden architecture.
Russian architecture underwent changes from the 16th to 18th centuries as Western influences were introduced. Early Russian buildings were constructed entirely of wood using wood nails and tents. From the 16th to 18th centuries, European styles became prominent as grand churches and mansions were built. Many foreign architects came to Russia and helped construct landmark buildings in elaborate, domed styles with detailed arches. The 17th century Baroque period was influenced by Polish and Ukrainian styles of Baroque architecture. Over time, Western ideas and culture impacted Russian architecture as the styles evolved.
Early Russian architecture was influenced by Byzantine styles after the adoption of Christianity in 988. Churches featured cupolas or onion domes representing the union between earth and heaven. Onion domes became characteristic as they prevented snow accumulation. For most of its history, Russian architecture focused on religious buildings constructed of stone with high walls, tent roofs, and multiple domes. The distinctive onion dome first appeared in Novgorod at the Cathedral of Sancta Sophia in the 11th century and later became iconic in buildings like Saint Basil's Cathedral.
Subotica (Szabadka in Hungarian) is the northernmost city of Serbia not far from the South of Hungarian border. It has with a long tradition and a wealthy cultural heritage.Before the First World War the city belonged to the Habsburg Monarchy, later Austro-Hungarian Empire, and was part of Hungary. By the 1880′s the town became wealthy. Ground floor houses started to transform into two and three story rental buildings and palaces and in only three decades the whole settlement completely changed. The most intensive construction of the town started after 1880′s inviting many architects and engineers from other parts of Hungary. The today’s cityscape of Subotica was established only within twenty years following the end of the 19th century, however, only the characteristic Art Nouveau buildings built at the beginning of the 20th century made it truly unique
During the 18th century under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, Russia experienced significant urban growth and the founding of St. Petersburg, where enormous, ornate buildings were constructed in new styles that came to define Russian architecture. These buildings included palaces, places of worship, and structures meant to intimidate or impress, featuring various influences from old Russian styles to Western European forms. Some key examples from the period included the Winter Palace, Summer Palace, St. Simeon and Anna Church, the Twelve Colleges complex, and the Stock Exchange building, demonstrating the diversity of Russian culture and architecture that emerged in the 18th century.
The document lists the names of various country pavilions at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China. It mentions pavilions from over 50 different countries from regions all around the world, including countries from Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and the Middle East. The expo featured impressive displays celebrating culture, innovation and sustainability from participating nations around the theme of "Better City, Better Life."
This document provides a report on future elevator design concepts by Galina Lalova. The report was completed as part of an internship at Åhmans i Åhus, an elevator company in Sweden. The report explores new concepts for elevators that have emerged in the last 10 years in response to changing needs. It presents concepts for various building projects and discusses new materials that could be applied to elevator design. It also includes a survey of young people's values and visions for future design. The goal is to inspire architects, building owners, and consultants with innovative elevator concepts.
The document lists various architectural landmarks in Abu Dhabi including Sheikh Zayed Bridge, Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi Ladies Club, Abu Dhabi Mirage Hotel, Abu Dhabi Performing Arts Centre, Sheikh Zayed Centre for Air Traffic Movement, Abu Dhabi Towers, YAS Hotel, The Strata Tower, Michael Schumacher Tower, Saadiyat Island Cultural District, Al Masdar Headquarters, The Diamond Ring Hotel, Twin Eco Towers, Abu Dhabi Sky Bridge Hotel, Gate Tower on Al Reem Island, Abu Dhabi Investment Council, and Etihad Towers. It also provides details about the upcoming Louvre Abu Dhabi
Zaha Hadid - Abu dhabi performing arts center, Alba Gómez i Xavi Lozano, 42TMaria Moragas Larrarte
The document discusses the Abu Dhabi Performing Arts Center designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. The center is located in Abu Dhabi and features a multi-purpose performance venue with flexible spaces for theater, music, dance and more. Zaha Hadid Architects designed the center to have flowing interior and exterior spaces that reflect the natural desert landscape surrounding Abu Dhabi.
The document provides information about Hungary, including its location in Central Europe, neighboring countries, capital of Budapest, population, climate, geographical regions, world heritage sites, highest point, largest river and lake, national parks, flora and fauna, sights in the capital city of Budapest, and notable castles. It also discusses Hungarian folk art, specialties, and famous Hungarians.
The document discusses biomimicry and how it can provide sustainable solutions by copying mechanisms found in nature. It provides the example of self-healing concrete which mimics how bones, muscles, and veins naturally heal. Self-healing concrete uses microcapsules filled with healing agents that are released to repair cracks similarly to natural biological healing processes, reducing the need for repair and increasing the structure's lifespan. By imitating these natural self-healing mechanisms, biomimicry can lead to more durable and sustainable materials.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates is the tallest man-made structure ever built. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2009, with the building officially opening in January 2009. The tower was designed to expand Dubai's economy beyond oil to focus on tourism and financial services. Some challenges in construction included running out of funds, but the project was completed on schedule after additional funding was provided.
This document discusses the history and principles of architecture. It begins with early shelters like caves and huts before moving to stone age cities. It then discusses the Roman architect Vitruvius and his principles of durability, convenience and beauty. Various architects and their works are discussed in relation to these principles, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der Rohe, and Philip Johnson. The document advocates considering factors like speed, movement, views and the desires of materials in architectural design. It argues that information architecture is architecture within information spaces.
Bronze is an alloy primarily consisting of copper with tin as the main additive. Bronze enabled the creation of metal objects that were harder and more durable than stone or copper. The main types of bronze include statuary bronze, architectural bronze, and commercial bronze. Bronze has a variety of uses including in ship propellers, sculpture, tools, and architectural elements like door frames. It has properties such as corrosion resistance, strength at high temperatures, and good conductivity. Over time, bronze develops a patina and can be subject to corrosion or mechanical defects if exposed to certain environmental conditions.
Spanning Tree Bridge Root Priority value & Extended System IDNetProtocol Xpert
- By default, all Cisco switches have a bridge priority value of 32,768 which determines which switch becomes the root bridge.
- The bridge priority value can be lowered in increments of 4,096 on a switch so that it becomes the root bridge.
- The 16-bit bridge priority value includes both the priority and 12-bit extended system ID which identifies the VLAN.
The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, designed by Louis Kahn, exemplifies his principles of monumentality and the play of natural light. The museum consists of 16 parallel barrel vaults grouped into three wings, which allow daylight to enter and illuminate the interior galleries through narrow slits. Kahn used concrete, wood, and travertine to achieve a warm, inviting atmosphere. The vaulted structure appears to float on pillars, and the landscaping further enhances the visitor experience. The museum demonstrates Kahn's masterful use of form and natural light to create a work of architectural art.
The presentation is about installation art history, some famous examples and how it is made.
If you want a copy and some details on how to present this please message me.
history of contemporary architecture - 02.1 Eclecticism .pptDania Abdel-aziz
The 19th century saw a proliferation of architectural styles as many historical elements and styles were adopted and exported to new places. Styles were chosen not just for fashion but for their symbolic meanings, with different styles representing concepts like justice, learning, and commerce. Eclecticism reigned as the dominant approach. Norman Shaw was a leading English architect of this period, skilled at handling richer surfaces and elaborate skylines for wealthy clients. Various movements also emerged that would influence modern architecture, including Japonism, Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, and garden cities, but European architecture remained confident and prosperous overall.
The document provides background information on architect Peter Eisenman, outlining his education, early career as part of the New York Five group, and development of an ideology aligned with deconstructivism. It then discusses several of Eisenman's key works in detail, including the City of Culture of Galicia in Spain, the University of Phoenix Stadium in Arizona, and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin. The works are analyzed in terms of their conceptual origins, formal qualities, and how they embody Eisenman's exploration of fragmentation, instability in ordered systems, and challenging preconceptions through architecture.
This document discusses the artistic movement of Modernism. It focuses on three key figures: Antoni Gaudi, a Spanish architect known for his highly distinctive style, especially seen in his works in Barcelona; Mijail Eisenstein, a Latvian architect who worked in the Jugendstil movement in Riga in the early 20th century; and characteristics of Modernism such as organic forms inspired by nature and curved asymmetric designs.
ALVAR ALTO, ERICH MENDELSOHN, KENZOTANGE, EEROSARINEN, RICHARD NEUTRA, OTTOWA...Kiruthika Selvi K J
This document provides information on several modernist architects and their works, with a focus on Alvar Aalto and his organic modernist designs. It summarizes Aalto's Paimio Sanatorium and Villa Mairea, noting their use of natural materials and forms to blur the lines between interior and exterior. It also briefly outlines the philosophies and some key works of Erich Mendelsohn, known for his expressionist designs like the Einstein Tower, and Metabolist architect Kenzo Tange, who designed buildings to grow and change over time like living organisms.
Daniel Libeskind is an internationally renowned architect known for his deconstructivist designs. Three of his major projects are summarized:
1) The Run Run Shaw Creative Media Centre in Hong Kong features a crystalline nine-story building with asymmetrical windows and intersecting light bands to accommodate research laboratories and classrooms.
2) The Jewish Museum in Berlin consists of two buildings - an old baroque building and a new deconstructivist-style building connected by an underground passage. The new building's design incorporates the Holocaust into the city's history through its slanted corridors and voids.
3) The Frederic C. Hamilton Building of the Denver Art Museum addition features sharp geometric volumes inspired by the Rocky Mountains
The emergence of the museum as a socio-cultural institution during the Renais...Erden Ibrayev
In the European culture of the Renaissance, collections and offices were repositories of not only material values, but also collections of objects of memorial, historical and artistic significance in accordance with the ideas prevailing at that time.
These places partly carried out the functions that museums will perform in the next era.
The document summarizes the top 5 modern architects. It discusses their notable works and contributions to modern architecture. 1) Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a pioneer of steel and glass structures, designing iconic buildings like the Seagram Building in New York. 2) Oscar Niemeyer was a pioneer of reinforced concrete who designed sweeping organic forms, like the Cathedral of Brasilia. 3) Le Corbusier was an influential theorist who saw architecture as a means to change the world, designing landmark buildings like the Unité d'Habitation. 4) Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, known for deconstructivist designs like the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati. 5) Frank
MACBA, Barcelona - Architectural Study, Research & AnalysisNicholas Socrates
The Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA) is housed in a striking white building designed by Richard Meier. Situated in the historic El Raval neighborhood, MACBA was intended to help regenerate the area through its cultural offerings. The geometric building is filled with natural light and features ramps and walkways that guide visitors between gallery spaces displaying the museum's collection of over 2,000 modern artworks. MACBA has played a key role in transforming its surrounding district into a vibrant cultural center in Barcelona.
Jørn Utzon was a Danish architect born in Copenhagen in 1918. He is renowned for designing the Sydney Opera House, winning the competition at age 38. The building features a series of precast concrete shells forming the roofs. Utzon was influenced by organic architecture and additive design principles. He drew inspiration from travels to the US, Mexico, and Iran. The last building he designed was the Utzon Center in Aalborg, Denmark.
Class 6 introduction to post modernist architectureBhartendu Vimal
This document provides an overview of Postmodern architecture. It discusses key characteristics such as complexity and contradiction, fragmentation, asymmetrical forms, use of color and ornamentation, humor, and contextualism. Notable Postmodern architects and some of their works are listed. Theories of Postmodernism emphasizing eclecticism and the return of ornament are presented. Regional styles from around the world that moved beyond Modernism are also briefly described, along with related movements like Deconstructivism, Expressive Rationalism, and eco-architecture.
Daniel Libeskind's addition to the Jewish Museum Berlin uses metaphor, fragmentation, void, and disorientation to communicate the displacement and suffering of Jewish people in Germany. The building's overall distorted Star of David shape contains three underground axes representing continuity, emigration, and the Holocaust. Features like the narrow and unheated Holocaust Tower and empty, unlit Voids symbolize that which cannot be exhibited about Jewish history in Berlin. The Garden of Exile further disorients visitors to represent the instability felt by those forced out of Germany. Libeskind's deconstructivist design successfully tells the story of Jewish culture through architectural form.
The National Village Museum "Dimitrie Gusti" in Bucharest was established in 1936 and named after the sociologist Dimitrie Gusti. It contains authentic rural buildings that were relocated from various regions of Romania to preserve examples of traditional peasant architecture and lifeways. The museum grew out of efforts in the late 19th century to showcase folk architecture and a 1906 ethnographic museum in Bucharest. It is now one of the largest attractions in Bucharest and illustrates Dimitrie Gusti's coordination of research that resulted in 18 other village museums.
This photo essay documents the artist's experimental work at Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic settlement in Turkey. The experiments led to the discovery that each dwelling had a beam of light entering from the roof that moved across the interior like a sundial. Shadows created patterns of light and darkness that revealed aspects of daily life. The author suggests shadows may have been used in puppet theater performances and could have marked the timing and location of burials. Computer simulations of the path of sunlight in a replica house at the site showed how shadows on the floor would have indicated relationships between burial dates and body positions throughout the year.
The Scientific journal “Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science” is issued 24 times a year and is a scientific publication on topical problems of science.
Installation art aims to transform viewers' perceptions by filling spaces with constructed environments that utilize various materials and locations. It differs from traditional art forms by incorporating the changing perspectives of moving viewers who can interact within the pieces. Key developments included early 20th century experiments, 1960s "happenings", and emerging technologies now enable interactive digital installations. Installation art remains a dominant contemporary medium due to its immersive experiences for viewers.
Landscape Ecological Urbanism is an emerging theory that synthesizes Landscape Urbanism and Urban Ecology. It focuses on the distribution and flows of landscape elements and ecosystems at multiple scales. The proposal for restoring the Pallikaranai marsh in Chennai, India using this approach demonstrates how it can be applied to ecologically sensitive urban design and regional planning. It involves widening drainage networks, using geosynthetic lining to filter wastes from the marsh, and gradually improving water quality over time with fresh water inputs.
Indian architecture under colonial rule was influenced by many styles. In the princely states, Mughal architecture declined and new styles emerged blending regional elements with British classical and Gothic styles. Princely palaces featured elements like durbar halls, rooms for European guests, and oil paintings. New towns incorporated British features like clock towers alongside indigenous styles. Regional variations also occurred as in Jaisalmer's havelis and Jaipur's geometric planning. Under the British, architecture expressed the ambiguous status of princely rulers retaining tradition but creating a modern India. Styles included Indo-Saracenic, Renaissance-Oriental, and Indo-eclectic fusions.
Critical Regionalism is an architectural approach that counters placelessness in Modern architecture by giving a sense of place and meaning through contextual forces. It is based on Phenomenology and the idea that Modern architecture lacked a sense of place. Critical Regionalism uses local climate, materials, and culture to inform design in a way that is modern but rooted to the unique qualities of a site. Key thinkers like Frampton, Tzonis and Lefaivre, and Aalto advocated for Critical Regionalism as a way to mediate universal influences with regional particularities.
Mangalavanam and old railway station ernakulamSurya Ramesh
The old Ernakulam Railway Station and adjacent Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary have fallen into decay after being abandoned and neglected. The railway station, built in 1902, lost significance when the station was relocated south to be closer to the developing port. Meanwhile, uncontrolled development has degraded the bird sanctuary through pollution and disrupted the fragile mangrove ecosystem. Conservation efforts are needed to restore the abandoned station and revive the now-dead bird sanctuary, but it may be too late for the sanctuary due to the extent of environmental damage. Public support and government initiative are required to conserve these historic and environmentally important sites.
This document discusses the importance of bird-friendly architecture and urban design. As urban areas continue to grow and habitats are fragmented, bird populations are declining. The document provides several strategies to encourage bird diversity and support bird habitats in urban areas, including creating green spaces with varied landscaping, shallow ponds, and food sources; using building materials and designs that provide nesting spaces; addressing issues like glass collisions and light pollution; and integrating habitat elements into architecture at all scales from cities to individual buildings. The goal is to thoughtfully design the built environment to support biodiversity and help bird populations thrive in urban settings.
Architecture and built form have been used for display of power by people, Governments, Monarchs etc. A study of how power manifests itself in Istanbul's Architecture through History.
This document describes the traditional Naalukettu dwelling structure in Kerala based on Vaastu principles. It outlines 18 rules that govern the shape grammar of the Padinjaredatu Mana dwelling design. These rules determine the central courtyard, orientation, proportional relationships between elements, and positioning of doors and windows according to energy grids and nodes. The document provides diagrams and examples applying the rules to generate the overall dwelling structure.
Vernacular architecture refers to construction methods that use locally available resources to meet local needs. It evolves over time based on the environmental, cultural, and historical context. While sometimes viewed as crude, it is important to current design. Vernacular architecture is indigenous to a place rather than imported. Examples include thatched huts, igloos, log cabins, and terraced housing. It is based more on local traditions and trial and error rather than formal architectural training.
Ricardo Bofill's architectural philosophy focuses on designs that are appropriate for their particular context in a cost-effective manner. He combines traditional and classical styles with modern technology and aims to create designs that are in harmony with local cultures. Bofill handles designs from the scale of cities and public spaces to individual buildings and furniture. He believes the only way to create new cities is to design monumental public spaces that interpret mankind's subconscious dreams.
Critical regionalism is an architectural approach that counters placelessness in modern architecture by incorporating contextual forces to give a sense of place and meaning. It was first defined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre, and further developed by Kenneth Frampton. Critical regionalism adopts modern architecture's progressive qualities but also values responses particular to the local context, with emphasis on elements like climate, topography, and materials rather than visual styles. It differs from regionalism by consciously engaging with universal principles rather than directly copying vernacular architecture. Examples of critical regionalism include works by Alvar Aalto, Jørn Utzon, and other architects who mediated universal and local influences.
This document lists examples of colonial architecture in India including churches such as St. Francis of Assissi in Goa and St. Mary's Church in Madras as well as forts including Fort William in Calcutta, St. George fort in Madras, and Fort St. George in Bombay. It also mentions Victoria Terminus and Victoria Memorial as examples of colonial architecture.
The document discusses various architectural styles and movements from Expressionism to Postmodernism and beyond. Key points include:
- Expressionism featured distorted shapes, fragmented lines, and organic forms made possible by new concrete construction techniques.
- Postmodernism arose in the 1970s and rejected modernism's simplicity in favor of historical references, ornamentation, and unusual shapes and materials.
- Deconstructivism dismantled architectural elements and viewed buildings as non-linear "texts" with no fixed meaning.
- Current pluralistic architecture borrows from many sources and prioritizes environmental sustainability, technology, and responding to unique contexts.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document provides an overview of modernism and postmodernism in architecture from the late 19th century to the mid-1990s. It discusses how the Industrial Revolution led to new building materials and styles like iron, concrete and glass constructions. Modernism emerged in the early 20th century with architects like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, and Gropius establishing the International Style characterized by rectilinear forms. Postmodernism arose in the 1960s-70s as a rejection of modernism's austerity, reintroducing ornament and historical references. Key figures discussed include Robert Venturi, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore, and Michael Graves.
2. HUNGARYHUNGARY IS SITED IN A REGION OF EUROPE ATTAINED BY THE WAVE OF TECHNICAL CIVILIZATION
WITH A STILL LIVELY ANCESTRAL FOLK ART. THIS CIRCUMSTANCE OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO
CREATE A PECULIAR NATIONAL STYLE BY SYNTHESIZING BOTH CULTURAL
COMPONENTS, FORWARDED BY A PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY ARISEN IN THE CENTURIES OF
ENDANGERED NATIONAL EXISTENCE. AFTER 1945, MODERN, NEW ARCHITECTURE APPEARED TO
BE EXCLUSIVE IN HUNGARY. AFTER 1950, THE "SOCIALIST REALISM" STYLE FORCIBLY CREATED BY
POLITICAL DECISION INVOLVED TRIALS “ WITH VERNACULAR, ARCHAIZING CONSTRUCTIONS
BUT THIS TREND DID NOT LAST LONG. MODERN ARCHITECTURE BECAME A HUGE SUCCESS IN
1960s, WITH ALL STRUCTURES BEING BOX-LIKE. EVERY BUILDING HAD A CURTAIN WALL
FACADE, WITH NO CULTURAL OR SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE DESIGNS.
AFTER 1960, TWO TRENDS REPRESENTING DIFFERENT APPROACHES HAVE ACTED. ONE IS
TECHNICISM INCORPORATED BY HOUSING ESTATES BUILT 'WITH PANEL STRUCTURES CRITICIZED
FOR THEIR RIGIDITY. THE OTHER IS THE TREND OF "POPULAR POST-MODERNISM" ATTEMPTING A
REVIVAL OF FOLK TRADITIONS – A RESPONSE TO PECULIAR HUNGARIAN CONDITIONS.
3. • MASS PRODUCTION OF HOUSES TO A CERTAIN EXTENT
RELIEVED HOUSING SHORTAGE IN CITIES, BUT THE
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THESE WERE MANY, AND
ARCHITECTURE LOST IDENTITY
• SOME ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TRYING TO
COMBINE THE ADVANTAGES OF MASS PRODUCTION
AND NON WASTAGE OF MATERIALS WITH UNIQUENESS
INCORPORATING IDENTITY OF SITE WERE ALSO
TRIED..ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIMENTATION AND
INNOVATIONS HAPPENED..ONE SUCH ALTERNATIVE
CAME FROM IMRE MAKOVECZ.
7. Sir Georg Solti Matyas Rakosi, Hungary's Stalinist Dictator, Is Buried In This
Extraordinary And Unprecedented Mortuary Chapel. The Winged Doors Of This
Architectural Cave Open To Reveal A Timber Simulacrum Of The Human Torso. The
Dead Rest In Caskets Where The Heart Would Be, If This Building, Designed By Imre
Makovecz, Was Alive. On Quiet Days, And With Candles Flickering, It Is Easy To
Imagine The Building Breathing.
• Materials are natural
stone, whitewashed brick
masonry, thatched roofing.
• Interiors exhibit daring
carpentry timberwork; inside
and outside we find expressive
forms deduced from
Hungarian rural
architecture, individually
Interpreted.
8. HE DESIGNED BUILDINGS FOR SUMMER CAMPS IN FORESTS, IN A NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT, TRYING TO INTEGRATE NATURE. OUTSIDE COATINGS LOOK LIKE BARK OR
HIDES OF ANIMALS. THE HUT OF THE TOKAJ YOUTH CAMP (1978), CARPENTERED BY THE
YOUNG PEOPLE THEMSELVES UNDER HIS GUIDANCE, LOOKS LIKE A PERCHING BIRD FROM
OUTSIDE, WHILE ITS INNER, UNCONCEALED FRAMEWORK SUPPORTS THE VAULT WITH
STRETCHED WINGS. HIS MOST SUCCESSFUL BUILDINGS ARE THOSE EXPLOITING HIS MOTION
TESTS. AMONG THEM, THE FINEST IS THE MORTUARY IN THE FARKASRET CEMETERY, WITH
CODESIGNER GABOR MEZEI. THE TIMBER RIBS REMIND ONE OF THE GREAT WHALE
ABDOMEN:
HOWEVER APPROPRIATE THE DIRECT, NATURALIST REFERENCES TO NATURAL ORGANISMS
SEEM FOR THESE EXCEPTIONAL BUILDINGS, A CORRECTNESS OF THIS METHOD TO SOLVE
ACTUAL, EVERYDAY PROBLEMS SEEMS DOUBTFUL. THESE DOUBTS WERE DISPERSED BY THE
RECENT HOUSE OF CULTURE IN SAROSPATAK, ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE RAISED
ATTRACTION BY TIMBERED INNER SPACES. THE BUILDING RECEIVES ITS VISITORS WITH
RAISED BROWS, EYES OPENED ,WIDE, OPEN ARMS. THE BUILDING ASSUMES A
FRIENDLY, HUMAN FACE WHICH, TRANSPOSED INTO THE CONVENTIONALIZED
STRUCTURE, ELICITS THE DESIRED EMOTIONAL RESPONSE. HOUSE OF CULTURE IN
SAROSPATAK IS ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CREATIONS OF RECENT HUNGARIAN
ARCHITECTURE.
9. • The Hungarian Pavilion, 92 World
EXPO, Sevilla, Spain, lies along a
north-south axis. Inside, two
walls stretch across the building's
diagonal. Each wall is three
metres apart from the other.
Seven towers stand on top of this
double wall. To the west of the
double wall can be found all
those areas that project what
Western Hungary is like, while the
eastern section naturally
represents Eastern Hungary. At
the same time, the wall
constantly talks. Its voice is
sometimes louder or softer, but it
is always saying something.
10. •
•
•
Built from wood carved in folk styles
and bearing a gray slate roof, it
seems inspired by village churches
but leaps beyond any one model
with an exuberance that recalls
Antonio Gaudi.
The interior is divided, one portion
symbolizing Hungary facing the
West, with a simplified Baroque
church front. Pass through that
facade and one finds Hungary facing
East, the wall exploding with
undulating Slavic-style facades (more
gray slate) and carved portals. There
is also a "Tree of Life" on the
Western side, a jumble of roots and
branches with a glass floor so that
visitors can see the whole thing.
The 22-minute tour is reinforced
with pungent Hungarian folk music
and vivid lighting and, on the Eastern
side, a film and video show of the
sort inescapable at this latest and
most high-tech of international
expositions
11. real upswing in Hungarian architecture was born through a group of young
architects in Pecs. Their methods were not those of the Post-Modernists; they
were not selecting elements of past architectural styles and applying them
randomly; but an architecture of social purpose and quiet contemplation.
Their sense of responsibility is shown by attempting to tackle the most
difficult problems, the revival of panel houses, hopelessly schematic blocks of
the Paks housing estate (1973-78). These experimental, so-called "Tuliphouses" raised arduous debates because the ornaments came from folklore of
Hungary. Playful, curved loggia sidewalls and displaced building blocks were
more effective to lend expressivity and liveliness to the building. In the
mournful battlefield of standard buildings, the most successful work of the
young architects from Pecs is a school complex in Kaposvars. The most
promising and perspective creations are those with a character defined by the
original, natural construction design experimented on self-made models
rather than by natural-organic Ornaments.