Modern architecture began in the early 20th century as architects sought to reconcile design principles with advancing technology and modernization. Key characteristics included simplification of forms, expression of structure, and use of industrial materials. Important early figures included Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. The Bauhaus school, founded in 1919, promoted rational design and the International Style spread its influence globally after World War 2. Regional styles also emerged, like Desert Modernism in the American Southwest, characterized by expansive glass and integration with the natural landscape.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Deconstructive Architecture and Its Pioneer Architects Rohit Arora
The concept of deconstructive architecture and main pioneers of deconstructive architecture. Town hall finland, Jacques Derrida ,Frank O Gehry , Bernard Tschumi, Zaha Hadid,Galaxy Soho, JVC entertainment Centre, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.BMW Central Building.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Deconstructive Architecture and Its Pioneer Architects Rohit Arora
The concept of deconstructive architecture and main pioneers of deconstructive architecture. Town hall finland, Jacques Derrida ,Frank O Gehry , Bernard Tschumi, Zaha Hadid,Galaxy Soho, JVC entertainment Centre, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.BMW Central Building.
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
EARLY MODERN ERA
culmination of iron-frame architecture (Crystal Palace, Eiffel Tower),Chicago school: skyscrapers (Jenney), functionalism (Sullivan)
international style (Gropius, Corbusier, Mies),Wright (organic architecture
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
EARLY MODERN ERA
culmination of iron-frame architecture (Crystal Palace, Eiffel Tower),Chicago school: skyscrapers (Jenney), functionalism (Sullivan)
international style (Gropius, Corbusier, Mies),Wright (organic architecture
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
Modernism in architecture is characterized by its emphasis on form over ornament; appreciation of materials and structure instead of idyllic revival constructions; and the adroit, methodical use of space.
Modernism in architecture is characterized by its emphasis on form over ornament; appreciation of materials and structure instead of idyllic revival constructions; and the adroit, methodical use of space.
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function (functionalism); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.[1] It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture.
• Emerged from revolutions in technology, engineering, and
building materials, and from a desire to break away from
historical archtectural styles and to invent sornething that was
purely functional and new.
• Modern architecture is a style ofbuijding that emphasizes
function and a streamlined formover ornarnentation.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, (1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German-American architect. He was commonly referred to as Mies, his surname. Along with Alvar Aalto, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. Mies was the last director of the Bauhaus, a seminal school in modern architecture. After Nazism's rise to power, with its strong opposition to modernism (leading to the closing of the Bauhaus itself), Mies emigrated to the United States. He accepted the position to head the architecture school at the Armour Institute of Technology (later the Illinois Institute of Technology), in Chicago
He worked in his father's stone carving shop and at several local design firms before he moved to Berlin, where he joined the office of interior designer Bruno Paul. He began his architectural career as an apprentice at the studio of Peter Behrens from 1908 to 1912, where he was exposed to the current design theories and to progressive German culture. He worked alongside Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius, who was later also involved in the development of the Bauhaus. Mies served as construction manager of the Embassy of the German Empire in Saint Petersburg under Behrens.
Ludwig Mies renamed himself as part of his transformation from a tradesman's son to an architect working with Berlin's cultural elite, adding "van der" and his mother's maiden name "Rohe" (the word mies means "lousy" in German and using the Dutch "van der", because the German form "von" was a nobiliary particle legally restricted to those of genuine aristocratic lineage. He began his independent professional career designing upper-class homes.
sought to establish his own particular architectural style that could represent modern times just as Classical and Gothic did for their own eras. He created his own twentieth-century architectural style, stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces, as also conducted by other modernist architects in the 1920s and 1930s such as Richard Neutra. Mies strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of unobstructed free-flowing open space. He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture. He sought an objective approach that would guide the creative process of architectural design, but was always concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era. He is often associated with his fondness for the aphorisms, "less is more" and "God is in the details".
This research gives an overall idea about the late 18th century's Modernism period in the architecture and interior design field. It also talks about some of the famous design pioneers of that time.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
2. MODERN ARCHITECTURE
•Modern architecture is generally characterized
by simplification of form and creation of ornament
from the structure and theme of the building.
•In a broader sense, modern architecture began
at the turn of the 20th century with efforts to
reconcile the principles underlying architectural
design with rapid technological advancement and
the modernization of society.
•The concept of modernism would be a central
theme in these efforts. Gaining popularity after the
Second World War, architectural modernism was
adopted by many influential architects and
architectural educators, and continues as a
dominant architectural style for institutional and
corporate buildings into the 21st century.
Modernism eventually generated reactions, most
notably Postmodernism which sought to preserve
pre-modern elements.
Rockefeller Center
Ne York, 1930-40
Shreve, Lamb &
Harmon:
Empire State Building
New York, 1931, 1250'
ht.
3. Notable architects important to the history and development of the modernist
movement include Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le
Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto, Walter Gropius and Louis I Kahn.
Characteristics
The Salk Institute complex in
La Jolla, California, by
architect Louis Kahn.
•the notion that "Form follows
function”, a dictum originally
expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright's
early mentor Louis Sullivan, meaning
that the result of design should derive
directly from its purpose
•simplicity and clarity of forms and
elimination of "unnecessary detail"
visual expression of structure.
•the related concept of "Truth to
materials", meaning that the true
nature or natural appearance of a
material ought to be seen rather than
concealed or altered to represent
something else.
•use of industrially-produced
materials; adoption of the
machine aesthetic
particularly in International Style
modernism, a visual emphasis
on horizontal and vertical lines
4. Origins and early history
The Crystal Palace, 1851, was one of
the first buildings to have vast amounts
of glass supported by structural metal,
foreshadowing trends in Modernist
architecture.(by Joseph Paxton)
•There are multiple lenses through
which the evolution of modern
architecture may be viewed.
•Some historians see it as a social
matter, closely tied to the project of
Modernity and thus the Enlightenment.
Modern architecture developed, in their
opinion, as a result of social and
political revolutions.[
•Others see Modern architecture as
primarily driven by technological and
engineering developments.
•Still other historians regard Modernism
as a matter of taste, a reaction against
eclecticism and the lavish stylistic
excesses of Victorian and Edwardian
architecture.
•With the Industrial
Revolution, the availability
of newly-available
building materials such as
iron, steel, and sheet
glass drove the invention
of new building
techniques.
5. •example of iron and glass construction, followed in 1864 by the first glass
and metal curtain wall. A further development was that of the steel-framed
skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis
Sullivan.
•Around 1900 a number of architects and designers around the world
began developing new solutions to integrate traditional precedents
(classicism or Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities.
• The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor
Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, Otto Wagner and the Vienna
Secession in Austria, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among
many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new.
The work of some of these were a part of what is broadly categorized as Art
Nouveau
6. Expressionism and Neo-expressionism
•The Einstein Tower (Einsteinturm) in Potsdam is
an Expressionist work by architect Erich
Mendelsohn, 1920.
Expressionism evolved from the work of avant
garde artists and designers in Germany and other
European countries during the first decades of
the twentieth century. Key features of
Expressionism are:
•distorted shapes
•fragmented lines
•organic or biomorphic forms
•massive sculpted shapes
•extensive use of concrete and brick
lack of symmetry
•many fanciful works rendered on paper but never
built
7. Expressionist and Neo-
expressionist Architects
•Gunther Domenig
•Hans Scharoun
•Rudolf Steiner
•Bruno Taut
•Erich Mendelsohn
•Walter Gropius(early works)
•Eero Saarinen
Constructivism
Russian architect Vladimir Tatlin launched
the constructivist movement when he
proposed the futuristic, glass-and-steel
Tatlin's Tower
This model of Tatlin's Tower was
part of the 2008 exhibit, "From
Russia," at the Royal Academy of
Arts in London.
8. •During the 1920s and early 1930s, a group of avant-garde architects in Russia
launched a movement to design buildings for the new socialist regime.
•Calling themselves constructivists, they believed that design began with
construction.
•Their buildings emphasized abstract geometric shapes and functional
machine parts.
•The most famous work of constructivist architecture was never actually built.
In 1920, Russian architect Vladimir Tatlin proposed a futuristic monument to
the 3rd International in the city of St. Petersburg (then known as Petergrado).
The unbuilt project, called Tatlin's Tower, used spiral forms to symbolize
revolution and human interaction. Inside the spirals, three glass-walled
building units - a cube, a pyramid, and a cylinder - would rotate at different
speeds.
•Soaring 400 meters (about 1,300 feet), Tatlin's Tower would have been taller
than the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The cost to erect such a building would have
been enormous. But, even though Tatlin's Tower wasn't built, the plan helped
launch the Constructivist movement. By the late 1920s, Constructivism had
spread outside the USSR. Many European architects called themselves
constructivists. However, within a few years Constructivism faded from
popularity and was eclipsed by the Bauhaus movement in Germany.
9. Hammer and Sickle Architectural
Fantasy by Yakov Chernikhov, 1933
Tatlin's Tower, 1919
El Lissitzky,
Wolkenbügel, 1925
10. Constructivist buildings have many of these features:
•Glass and steel
•Machine-made building parts
•Technological details such as antennae, signs, and projection screens
•Abstract geometric shapes
•A sense of movement
Constructivist Architects:
Vladimir Tatlin
Konstantin Melnikov
Nikolai Milyutin
Aleksandr Vesnin and his brothers Leonid and Victor Vesnin
El Lissitzky
Vladimir Krinsky
Iakov Chernikhov
11. Bauhaus
Architect Walter Gropius used Bauhaus ideas when he built his monochrome
home in Lincoln, Massachusetts.
•Bauhaus is a German expression
meaning house for building.
•In 1919, the economy in Germany was
collapsing after a crushing war.
• Architect Walter Gropius was appointed
to head a new institution that would help
rebuild the country and form a new social
order.
•Called the Bauhaus, the Institution called
for a new "rational" social housing for the
workers.
•Bauhaus architects rejected "bourgeois"
details such as cornices, eaves, and
decorative details. They wanted to use
principles of Classical architecture in their
most pure form: without ornamentation of
any kind.
The Bauhaus Gropius House in
Lincoln, Massachusetts
12. •Bauhaus buildings have flat roofs, smooth facades, and cubic shapes.
Colors are white, gray, beige, or black. Floor plans are open and furniture is
functional.
•The Bauhaus school disbanded when the Nazis rose to power. Walter
Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and other Bauhaus leaders migrated to
the United States. The term International Style was applied to the American
form of Bauhaus architecture.
examples of Bauhaus and the International Style:
The Seagram Building
The Gropius House
The Farnsworth House
Philip Johnson's Glass House
The Transco Building by Philip Johnson
United Nations Headquarters by Le Corbusier
The Miller House by Richard Neutra
The Lovell House by Richard Neutra
The Bauhaus Building in Dessau, Germany
Furniture by Bauhaus Architects
13. Architects Inspired by the Bauhaus Movement
Walter Gropius
Le Corbusier
Richard Neutra
Philip Johnson
Mies van der Rohe
Marcel Breuer
The Bauhaus Building by
Walter Gropius
Built 1925–1926
14. Seagram building started in 1947
and completed in 1954
The Farnsworth House
1946 to 1950
United Nations Secretariat Building
1947-1952
15. International Style
Le Corbusier's United Nations Secretariat building
in New York is a famous example of the
International Style.
United Nations Secretariat Building
1947-1952
•International Style is a term often used to
describe Bauhaus architecture in the United
States.
• The name came from the book The
International Style by historian and critic
Henry-Russell Hitchcock and architect Philip
Johnson.
•The book was published in 1932 in
conjunction with an exhibition at the Museum
of Modern Art in New York.
•The term is again used in a later book,
International Architecture, by Walter Gropius.
•While German Bauhaus
architecture had been
concerned with the social
aspects of design, America's
International Style became a
symbolism of Capitalism: The
International Style is the
favored architecture for office
buildings, and is also found in
upscale homes built for the
rich.
16. Desert Modernism
Architects in southern California and
the American Southwest adapted
ideas from the European Bauhaus
movement to the warm climate and
arid terrain.
Kaufmann House in Palm Springs,
California. 1946. Richard Neutra,
architect.
•Desert Modernism was a mid-
twentieth century approach to
modernism that capitalized on the
sunny skies and warm climate of
southern California and American
Southwest.
•With expansive glass and
streamlined styling, Desert
Modernism was an regional
approach to International Style
architecture.
•Rocks, trees, and other landscape
features were often incorporated into
the design.
17. Grace Lewis Miller House in Palm Springs,
California. 1937. Richard Neutra, architect.
Characteristics of Desert Modernism:
•Expansive glass walls and windows
•Dramatic rooflines
•Wide overhangs
•Steel and plastic combined with wood
and stone
•Open floor plans
•Outdoor living spaces incorporated into
the overall design
Architects Associated With
Desert Modernism:
•William F. Cody
•Albert Frey
•John Lautner
•Richard Neutra
•Donald Wexler
•E. Stewart Williams
18. examples of Desert Modernism:
•Kaufmann House (shown above) in Palm Springs, California. 1946.
Richard Neutra, architect.
•Grace Lewis Miller House in Palm Springs, California. 1937. Richard
Neutra, architect.
•Edris House in Palm Springs, California. 1954. E. Stewart Williams,
architect.
•Frey II House in Palm Springs, California. 1963. Albert Frey, architect.
•The Bob Hope House in Palm Springs, California. 1979. John Lautner,
architect.
•Loewy House in Palm Springs California. 1946. Albert Frey, architect.
•The Arthur Elrod House in Palm Springs, California. 1968. John
Lautner, architect.
•Tramway Upper Station in Palm Springs, California. 1963. E. Stewart
Williams, architect.
•Palm Springs Desert Museum (now the Palm Springs Art Museum).
1976. E. Stewart Williams, architect.
19. Organic Architecture
The term organic architecture was coined by Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–
1959),
•Organic architecture is a philosophy of
architecture which promotes harmony
between human habitation and the
natural world through design approaches
so sympathetic and well integrated with
its site that buildings, furnishings, and
surroundings become part of a unified,
interrelated composition.
•Organic architecture is also translated
into the all inclusive nature of Frank Lloyd
Wright’s design process. Materials,
motifs, and basic ordering principles
continue to repeat themselves throughout
the building as a whole. The idea of
organic architecture refers not only to the
buildings' literal relationship to the natural
surroundings, but how the buildings'
design is carefully thought about as if it
were a unified organism
Falling water, 1935
20. Architect and planner David Pearson proposed a list of rules towards the
design of organic architecture. These rules are known as the Gaia Charter
for organic architecture and design. It reads:
"Let the design:
•be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy, conserving, and diverse.
•unfold, like an organism, from the seed within.
•exist in the "continuous present" and "begin again and again".
•follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable.
•satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs.
•"grow out of the site" and be unique.
•celebrate the spirit of youth, play and surprise.
•express the rhythm of music and the power of dance."[2]