This document discusses using natural coagulants from okra and jackfruit seeds to treat wastewater. It analyzes the characteristics of raw sewage water and finds the optimal dosages of okra powder and jackfruit seed powder for coagulation/flocculation treatment are 120 mg/L and 80 mg/L, respectively. Jackfruit seed powder more efficiently reduces turbidity by 84%, while okra powder performs better at reducing chemical oxygen demand by 80%. Both natural coagulants show potential as alternatives to chemical treatments and producing less toxic sludge.
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This document summarizes a study that assessed the use of plant-based bio-flocculants for treating dairy effluent. Specifically, it investigated using tamarind seed powder and aloe vera leaf powder as natural coagulants. The dairy effluent was characterized and then treated with different dosages of the bio-flocculants. Jar tests determined the optimum dosages were 120 mg/L for tamarind seed powder and 100 mg/L for aloe vera powder. Tamarind seed powder performed better at reducing BOD levels by 88.64%, while aloe vera powder performed better at reducing COD and turbidity levels by 88.44% and 87% respectively.
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This document summarizes research on using natural coagulants to remove turbidity from dairy wastewater. Five natural coagulants were tested: drumstick seeds, chickpeas, fenugreek, hyacinth beans, and tamarind seeds. Initial parameters of the dairy wastewater were measured. Jar tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosage, time, speed, and pH for coagulation using each coagulant. Tamrid indica (tamarind seeds) was found to be the most effective, removing 58.5 NTU of turbidity at an optimum dosage of 5mg/L over 30 minutes at 40rpm and a pH of 9.
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This study assessed the use of natural coagulants from plants to treat turbid water as an alternative to chemical coagulants. Several natural coagulants were extracted from plants including okra seeds, Dolichos lablab, Moringa Oleifera, Tulsi, and Neem. Jar tests were conducted by adding the coagulants to synthetic turbid water at dosages of 50, 60, and 70 mg/L. Tulsi leaves achieved the lowest turbidity of 3 NTU at a dosage of 70 mg/L, performing better than the other coagulants tested. The study concludes that plant-based natural coagulants can effectively reduce turbidity in water treatment as a more sustainable alternative to
IRJET - Coagulation Efficiency of Mangifera Indica Leaf Powder and Curcumin o...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using mangifera indica leaf powder and curcumin powder as natural coagulants to treat effluent from small-scale household rubber production. The study tested different dosages of the coagulants and measured parameters like turbidity, pH, BOD, COD, sulfate before and after treatment. It found that both coagulants reduced pollutants effectively with optimal dosages of 2g, with curcumin showing slightly higher removal efficiencies for some parameters like acidity and COD. The study concludes that these natural coagulants can provide cost-effective treatment for small-scale rubber producers compared to conventional methods.
IRJET- Treatment of Dairy Industry Wastewater using Tamarindous Indica Se...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using tamarind seed powder as an adsorbent to treat wastewater from the dairy industry. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal dosage, rapid mixing time, and slow mixing time for maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids, and turbidity. The highest removal rates of 74-79% for COD, total solids, and turbidity were achieved with a dosage of 6g/L of tamarind seed powder, 15 minutes of rapid mixing, and 40 minutes of slow mixing. Using low-cost agricultural adsorbents like tamarind seed powder is presented as an economical alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods for dairy industry eff
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This study evaluated the efficiency of jackfruit seed powder as a natural coagulant for treating dairy and kitchen wastewater. Jar tests were conducted with varying dosages of jackfruit seed powder. For dairy wastewater, the optimum dosage was found to be 1600 mg/L, which reduced turbidity by 82% and COD by 57%. For kitchen wastewater, the optimum dosage was 600 mg/L, reducing turbidity by 88.4% and COD by 53%. The study demonstrated that jackfruit seed powder is an effective and eco-friendly natural coagulant for wastewater treatment.
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This document evaluates the efficiency of various natural coagulants for treating canteen wastewater. Jar tests were conducted using rambutan seeds, papaya seeds, lemon peels, neem leaves, and tulsi leaves to determine their effectiveness in reducing turbidity and COD levels at dosages from 10-60 mg/L. Rambutan seeds achieved the highest turbidity removal of 96.67% at 20 mg/L. All the natural coagulants showed over 80% turbidity reduction and were found to be cost-effective alternatives to chemical coagulants for wastewater treatment. The study aims to identify the most efficient natural coagulant for treating canteen wastewater.
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This document investigates using natural coagulants to treat dairy wastewater. Dairy wastewater contains high levels of organic materials, suspended solids, BOD, COD, nutrients and variations in pH. Four natural coagulants - Senna auriculate, Strychnos potatorum, Phyllanthus emblica, and Carica papaya seeds - were tested at dosages of 2-10g/L. Testing showed that the natural coagulants reduced parameters like turbidity, BOD, COD, chlorides and sulphates the most at dosages between 6-10g/L. The natural coagulants were found to be an effective, economical and
IRJET-Influence of Natural Coagulants in Turbid Water TreatmentIRJET Journal
This study assessed the use of natural coagulants from plants to treat turbid water as an alternative to chemical coagulants. Several natural coagulants were extracted from plants including okra seeds, Dolichos lablab, Moringa Oleifera, Tulsi, and Neem. Jar tests were conducted by adding the coagulants to synthetic turbid water at dosages of 50, 60, and 70 mg/L. Tulsi leaves achieved the lowest turbidity of 3 NTU at a dosage of 70 mg/L, performing better than the other coagulants tested. The study concludes that plant-based natural coagulants can effectively reduce turbidity in water treatment as a more sustainable alternative to
IRJET - Coagulation Efficiency of Mangifera Indica Leaf Powder and Curcumin o...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using mangifera indica leaf powder and curcumin powder as natural coagulants to treat effluent from small-scale household rubber production. The study tested different dosages of the coagulants and measured parameters like turbidity, pH, BOD, COD, sulfate before and after treatment. It found that both coagulants reduced pollutants effectively with optimal dosages of 2g, with curcumin showing slightly higher removal efficiencies for some parameters like acidity and COD. The study concludes that these natural coagulants can provide cost-effective treatment for small-scale rubber producers compared to conventional methods.
IRJET- Treatment of Dairy Industry Wastewater using Tamarindous Indica Se...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using tamarind seed powder as an adsorbent to treat wastewater from the dairy industry. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal dosage, rapid mixing time, and slow mixing time for maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids, and turbidity. The highest removal rates of 74-79% for COD, total solids, and turbidity were achieved with a dosage of 6g/L of tamarind seed powder, 15 minutes of rapid mixing, and 40 minutes of slow mixing. Using low-cost agricultural adsorbents like tamarind seed powder is presented as an economical alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods for dairy industry eff
IRJET- Efficiency of Jackfruit Seed Powder as a Natural CoagulantIRJET Journal
This study evaluated the efficiency of jackfruit seed powder as a natural coagulant for treating dairy and kitchen wastewater. Jar tests were conducted with varying dosages of jackfruit seed powder. For dairy wastewater, the optimum dosage was found to be 1600 mg/L, which reduced turbidity by 82% and COD by 57%. For kitchen wastewater, the optimum dosage was 600 mg/L, reducing turbidity by 88.4% and COD by 53%. The study demonstrated that jackfruit seed powder is an effective and eco-friendly natural coagulant for wastewater treatment.
IRJET- Emerging Trends in the Usage of Bio-Coagulants in Waste Water Trea...IRJET Journal
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Fruit Seeds as Potential Coagulants in Water PurgationIRJET Journal
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This document summarizes a study on using locally available materials in a biofilter to treat wastewater. The study constructed two laboratory biofilters using local materials like sand, gravel, and coconut shells. The biofilters were tested by passing wastewater from a campus through them at different flow rates. Testing of the raw and treated water found that the biofilters successfully reduced the biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and total dissolved solids levels in the treated water, meeting discharge standards. The biofilters improved water quality through natural filtration and microbial degradation processes without using chemicals. The study demonstrated that biofilters are a low-cost wastewater treatment method using locally sourced materials.
IRJET- Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by using Sugarcane BagasseIRJET Journal
The document discusses using sugarcane bagasse as a low-cost adsorbent for treating industrial wastewater. It finds that activated sugarcane bagasse, produced by carbonizing and dehydrating raw sugarcane bagasse, is more effective at removing pollutants like BOD, COD and turbidity from wastewater than raw bagasse. The maximum removals achieved were 77.82% for BOD using activated bagasse and 70.3% for turbidity. The study demonstrates sugarcane bagasse can be used as an affordable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.
IRJET- Solid State Fermentation for Prodigiosin Production using Serratia Mar...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using food waste as a substrate for solid state fermentation to produce the red pigment prodigiosin using Serratia marcescens bacteria. Various food wastes and inert materials like fibers were tested as substrates. Initial screening found rice husk, palm oil fiber, and sawdust produced the most pigment. Further optimization was done on parameters like incubation time, pH, inoculum size, moisture content, and carbon source to determine the best conditions for maximum prodigiosin production using food waste and rice husk.
DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER AND INVITATION CARDS USING ARECA NUT HUSK FIBERSIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on developing paper and invitation cards using areca nut husk fibers as a way to manage agro-waste. Areca nuts are an important crop in India that generate large amounts of husk waste. The study involved collecting, drying, and separating fibers from areca nut husks. Various tests were conducted to analyze the fibers. The fibers were then cooked, bleached, and made into sheets to produce paper and invitation cards. The study found that areca nut husk fibers can yield paper comparable to traditional wood fibers. Using this agro-waste helps reduce deforestation while providing an economic use of waste and affordable products.
IRJET- Treatment of Dairy Waste Water by using Groundnut Shell as Low Cost Ad...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on treating dairy wastewater using groundnut shell as a low-cost adsorbent. The study involved collecting dairy wastewater from a dairy plant and testing its characteristics. Groundnut shell particles retained on a 4.75mm sieve were used as the adsorbent in column chromatography experiments. The dairy wastewater was passed through columns with varying diameters (2 inches, 2.5 inches, 3 inches) and heights of groundnut shell material (20cm, 40cm, 60cm). The treated wastewater was then tested to analyze the removal efficiency of parameters like pH, BOD, COD, and total solids. Testing showed the highest removal efficiencies occurred
IRJET- Treatment of Waste Water by the Process of Phytoremediation using Sunf...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that used phytoremediation with sunflower plants to treat two types of wastewater in a vertical filter bed. Tests were conducted on the wastewater samples before and after treatment to analyze parameters like biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Graphs show that the process reduced impurities in both a municipal and industrial wastewater sample. The treated water met prescribed levels for potential reuse.
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This document summarizes research on anaerobic digestion of food waste and electronic waste. Three small-scale digesters were operated under mesophilic, thermophilic, and two-stage conditions. The two-stage process produced the most biogas at 7.45 liters from 6 kg of food waste over 25 days. A pilot-scale two-stage system was also evaluated, producing a maximum of 7,450 ml of biogas per day. Gas analysis showed increasing methane content over time. The document concludes that kitchen waste is a potential biogas source and two-stage digestion can effectively manage waste while producing energy. Electronic waste disposal methods and their impacts are also discussed.
IRJET- Efficiency of Tamarind and Papaya Seed Powder as Natural CoagulantsIRJET Journal
This document evaluates the effectiveness of tamarind and papaya seed powder as natural coagulants for treating kitchen wastewater. Jar tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosage, stirring time, and settling time for each coagulant. Results showed that tamarind seed powder achieved the highest removal efficiencies at a dosage of 0.6g, stirring time of 15 minutes, and settling time of 30 minutes. Papaya seed powder performed best at a dosage of 0.4g, stirring time of 15 minutes, and settling time of 40 minutes. Both natural coagulants significantly reduced turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater.
IRJET- Production of Biofuel using Water Lettuces (Pistia Stratiots)IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on producing biofuel from the aquatic weed water lettuce (Pistia stratiots). The research involved:
1) Collecting, washing, and chopping water lettuce leaves and stems.
2) Treating the plant material with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations and temperatures to break it down.
3) Fermenting the processed plant material with yeast to produce alcohol.
4) Distilling the fermented material to extract the alcohol, which can then be converted to biodiesel via esterification.
The researchers analyzed various fuel properties of the resulting biodiesel and discussed the technical, economic, and environmental benefits of small-scale biofuels produced
IRJET- Treatment Efficiency of Rice Husk on Waste WaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the treatment efficiency of rice husk for removing organic matter from diary waste water and river water. Various water quality parameters like turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) were tested to determine the effect of rice husk particle size, dosage, and contact time on removal efficiency. The results showed that rice husk is effective at reducing BOD, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness and TSS from water. Maximum removal occurred with 300 micron rice husk particles, a dosage of 20g/L, and a contact time of 48 hours. The study concluded that rice husk is a viable and
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This document summarizes a review paper on the operation and maintenance of the effluent treatment plant at a paper industry in India. It describes the company and production processes that generate wastewater effluent. The effluent treatment plant uses a 5-stage process including primary and secondary clarification, aeration, filtration, and chlorination to treat over 22,500 cubic meters of wastewater per day before discharge or reuse. Monitoring shows the treated effluent meets standards for parameters like pH, BOD, COD and TSS. The plant helps minimize environmental impacts and pollution from the industry's operations.
IRJET- Removal of Acetaminophen from Waste Water using Low Cost AdsorbentIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on removing the pharmaceutical acetaminophen from wastewater using low-cost adsorbents developed from agricultural waste. Activated carbons were prepared from banana leaves, garlic stems, and babool seeds. The maximum removal efficiency of 84.9% was achieved using activated banana leaves adsorbent. Kinetic studies showed activated banana leaves adsorbent achieved removal equivalent to commercial activated carbon. Therefore, activated banana leaves have potential to be a good low-cost adsorbent for removing acetaminophen from wastewater.
IRJET - Evaluation of Aluminium Removal Efficiency of Jackfruit Seed Powd...IRJET Journal
The document evaluates the efficiency of jackfruit seed powder and guava leaf powder for removing aluminum ions from industrial effluent. Key findings from the study include:
- Jackfruit seed powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 92% at an optimum dosage of 3.5g/L.
- Guava leaf powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 84% at an optimum dosage of 4.5g/L.
- Comparison showed that jackfruit seed powder was more effective at removing aluminum ions from the effluent than guava leaf powder.
IRJET- Conversion of Solid Organic Kitchen Waste into Useful CompostIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a machine to convert solid organic kitchen waste into useful compost. The machine aims to directly pulverize the waste through a squeezing and grinding process. This addresses the initial particle size reduction step required for most composting methods. The machine design incorporates a squeezer to remove water from the waste and two grinding stones - one stationary and one rotating - to pulverize the dried waste into smaller particles. The resulting compost can then be used to improve soil quality and provide nutrients for plants. The machine aims to efficiently utilize kitchen waste on a small household scale while reducing environmental pollution.
IRJET- Waste water to Drinking Water using Retreatment PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student paper about using a retreatment plant to purify wastewater from Ichalkaranji city in India to drinking water standards. The city faces water scarcity and its current supply cannot meet demand. Treating wastewater could provide additional water sources. Currently wastewater is treated in a sewage treatment plant but not to drinking standards. The proposed retreatment plant after the sewage plant would use microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet disinfection, and mineral filters to further treat the water to meet drinking water quality standards for use in homes, industry and irrigation. Tests show the treated water met standard parameters while untreated wastewater did not. Adopting this retreatment
TREATMENT OF GREYWATER USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the use of a constructed wetland with water hyacinth plants to treat greywater. Key findings include:
- The system was able to remove organic and inorganic impurities from greywater such as total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrates, COD, BOD, and microbes.
- After 6 days of retention time, the treated greywater met standards for reuse for activities like agriculture, gardening, and car washing.
- The low-cost constructed wetland was found to be an effective and sustainable way to treat greywater while reducing pollution loads on local water bodies.
IRJET - Experimental Study on Wastewater Treatment using Bio Rock and Coffee ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on wastewater treatment using birocks and coffee waste. Greywater and tannery wastewater were treated using a system with screening, grit removal, sedimentation, and two filtration stages. Bio rocks were used as a filtration media for greywater treatment and coffee waste was used to remove heavy metals like chromium from tannery wastewater. Tests on water quality parameters before and after treatment showed reductions in turbidity, COD, BOD, and heavy metals, demonstrating the effectiveness of using low-cost, natural materials like birocks and coffee waste for wastewater filtration and treatment.
IRJET- Bioremediation of Waste Water from Natural Rubber Processing PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using bioremediation to treat wastewater from a natural rubber processing plant. Three bacterial species (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.) were isolated from the plant's effluent and used individually and together in a consortium to degrade various pollutants in the wastewater over 15 days. Testing showed that the bacterial consortium was most effective at reducing levels of BOD, COD, total solids, and ammonia compared to using the individual bacteria species. Pseudomonas sp. performed best as an individual species, while Lactobacillus sp. showed the lowest efficiency. The consortium improved wastewater pH
IRJET- Dairy Waste Water Treatment using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon and L...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on using low-cost adsorbents like coconut shell activated carbon and laterite to treat dairy wastewater. Column chromatography experiments were conducted with the adsorbents in different ratios and contact times to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing various water quality parameters. The results showed that increasing the contact time and using a 2:1 ratio of activated carbon to laterite improved removal efficiencies of parameters like biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand the most, with over 60% reduction achieved in some cases. The study demonstrated the potential of these natural materials to treat dairy wastewater in a cost-effective manner.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
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- Guava leaf powder achieved a maximum aluminum removal efficiency of 84% at an optimum dosage of 4.5g/L.
- Comparison showed that jackfruit seed powder was more effective at removing aluminum ions from the effluent than guava leaf powder.
IRJET- Conversion of Solid Organic Kitchen Waste into Useful CompostIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a machine to convert solid organic kitchen waste into useful compost. The machine aims to directly pulverize the waste through a squeezing and grinding process. This addresses the initial particle size reduction step required for most composting methods. The machine design incorporates a squeezer to remove water from the waste and two grinding stones - one stationary and one rotating - to pulverize the dried waste into smaller particles. The resulting compost can then be used to improve soil quality and provide nutrients for plants. The machine aims to efficiently utilize kitchen waste on a small household scale while reducing environmental pollution.
IRJET- Waste water to Drinking Water using Retreatment PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student paper about using a retreatment plant to purify wastewater from Ichalkaranji city in India to drinking water standards. The city faces water scarcity and its current supply cannot meet demand. Treating wastewater could provide additional water sources. Currently wastewater is treated in a sewage treatment plant but not to drinking standards. The proposed retreatment plant after the sewage plant would use microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet disinfection, and mineral filters to further treat the water to meet drinking water quality standards for use in homes, industry and irrigation. Tests show the treated water met standard parameters while untreated wastewater did not. Adopting this retreatment
TREATMENT OF GREYWATER USING CONSTRUCTED WETLANDIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the use of a constructed wetland with water hyacinth plants to treat greywater. Key findings include:
- The system was able to remove organic and inorganic impurities from greywater such as total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrates, COD, BOD, and microbes.
- After 6 days of retention time, the treated greywater met standards for reuse for activities like agriculture, gardening, and car washing.
- The low-cost constructed wetland was found to be an effective and sustainable way to treat greywater while reducing pollution loads on local water bodies.
IRJET - Experimental Study on Wastewater Treatment using Bio Rock and Coffee ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on wastewater treatment using birocks and coffee waste. Greywater and tannery wastewater were treated using a system with screening, grit removal, sedimentation, and two filtration stages. Bio rocks were used as a filtration media for greywater treatment and coffee waste was used to remove heavy metals like chromium from tannery wastewater. Tests on water quality parameters before and after treatment showed reductions in turbidity, COD, BOD, and heavy metals, demonstrating the effectiveness of using low-cost, natural materials like birocks and coffee waste for wastewater filtration and treatment.
IRJET- Bioremediation of Waste Water from Natural Rubber Processing PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using bioremediation to treat wastewater from a natural rubber processing plant. Three bacterial species (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.) were isolated from the plant's effluent and used individually and together in a consortium to degrade various pollutants in the wastewater over 15 days. Testing showed that the bacterial consortium was most effective at reducing levels of BOD, COD, total solids, and ammonia compared to using the individual bacteria species. Pseudomonas sp. performed best as an individual species, while Lactobacillus sp. showed the lowest efficiency. The consortium improved wastewater pH
IRJET- Dairy Waste Water Treatment using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon and L...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on using low-cost adsorbents like coconut shell activated carbon and laterite to treat dairy wastewater. Column chromatography experiments were conducted with the adsorbents in different ratios and contact times to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing various water quality parameters. The results showed that increasing the contact time and using a 2:1 ratio of activated carbon to laterite improved removal efficiencies of parameters like biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand the most, with over 60% reduction achieved in some cases. The study demonstrated the potential of these natural materials to treat dairy wastewater in a cost-effective manner.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.