This document contains summaries of various ophthalmology conditions provided by Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur. Each section identifies a condition and provides 3-4 brief details about the condition such as symptoms, signs, pathogenesis, treatment or methods of differentiation from similar conditions. In total, there are 15 conditions summarized concisely with bullet points.

1. Ophthalamology
OSPE
By
Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

2. 1. Identify the condition
2. Name the cardinal sign in the diagnosis of congenital glaucoma.
3. How will you distinguish between megalocornea and corneal
buphthalamos ?
4. What are haab’s striae?

3. 1. Congenital Glaucoma
2. Enlargement of corneal diameter
3. In buphthalamos raised IOP and
glaucomatous cupping are present which are
absent in megalocornea.
4. Haab’s striae are healed breaks in the
decemet’s membrane which appear as
curvilinear lines

4. 1. Identify the condition
2. Which type of cataract develops as a result of complication of
the iridocyclitis?
3. In which condition snow banking or snow ball formation is seen?
4. Name the pathognomonic sign of acute iridocylcitis

5. 1. Chronic Iridocyclitis
2. Complicated cataract
3. Pars planitis
4. Keratic precipitates

6. 1. Identify the condition
2. Give various symptoms
3. Define anterior synechae
4. How will differentiate between macula and leucoma

7. 1. Corneal ulcer (Hypopyon corneal ulcer)
2. Pain, blurred vision, lacrimation, photophobia,
halos, redness of the eye
3. The adhesion between peripheral part of iris with
cornea is called anterior synechae
4. macula is semidense opacity which results from
scarring involving anterior half of corneal stroma
whereas leukoma is dense opacity resulting from
scarring involving more than half of corneal stroma.

8. 1. What is the pathogenesis of Diabetic retinopathy?
2. What are hard exudated?
3. In which stage of Diabetic retinopathy Pan photocoagulation is
required?
4. Does burnt out stage of Diabetic retinopathy require Laser?
Explain with reason

9. 1. The essential lesion in Diabetic retinopathy is
microangiopathy that has the features of
microvascular leakage and occlusion
2. These are exudates composed of mainly lipids
and have yellow waxy appearance with distinctly
clear margins.
3. Proliferative stage
4. No, Because the vascular component has already
regressed.

10. 1. Identify the condition
2. Which serotypes of adenovirus cause epidemic
keratoconjuctivitis?
3. In which type of conjuctivitis umblicated nodules are seen?
4. Define trachoma.

11. 1. Conjuctivitis (viral conjuctivitis)
2. Serotypes 8 & 19
3. Molluscum contagiosum conjuctivitis
4. It is chronic bilateral cicatrical
keratoconjuctivitis caused by chlamydia

12. 1. Identify the condition
2. What are the complications scleritis
3. Which type of scleritis is the most common?
4. Give any three differences between scleritis and episcleritis.

13. 1. Episcleritis
2. Corneal lesions, anterior uveitis, glaucoma,
cataract, staphyloma.
3. Anterior necrotizing scleritis
4.episcleritis is charachterized by sudden
onset, no pain but discomfort and vision
unaffected while scleritis is charachterized by
gradual onset, mild to moderate pain and
vision frequently affected.

14. 1. Name the structures 1,2 and 3
2. What structures are present in uveal tissue?
3. Define anterior segment
4. What is the composition of tear film?

15. 1. Cornea, iris and lens
2. Choroid, cilliary body and iris
3. It is a small cavity in eyeball located
between the posterior surface of cornea and
anterior surface of lens filled with aquous
humor.
4. It consists of superficial lipids, middle
aquous and inner mucin.

16. 1. Identify the condition
2. What are its types
3. Give its any three complications
4. How will you treat?

17. 1. Blepharitis (ulcerative blepharitis)
2. Anterior blepharitis (ulcerative and
squamous) and posterior blepharitis
3. trichiasis, poliosis and madarosis
4. Lid hyegiene, antibiotic ointments,
steroid drops and artificial tears.

18. 1. Identify the condition.
2. Define papiloedema
3. How will you differentiate between pappilitis and retrobulbar
neuritis?
4. What is the effect of papiloedema on vision and pupillary light
reflex?

19. 1. Optic neuritis (pappilitis)
2. it is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased
intracranial pressure. The swelling is usually bilateral
and can occur over a period of hours to weeks.
3. Pappilitis is the inflammation of intraocular part of
optic nerve whereas retrobulbar neuritis is the
inflammation of intraorbital part of optic nerve in
which O.Disc is spared.
4. Both of them are normal.