This document outlines a presentation on on-site renewables given by Dr. Mike Pedley. It discusses the economics of on-site renewables including electricity prices, technology costs, and subsidies. It then provides brief overviews of various renewable technologies like solar PV, wind, hydro, and anaerobic digestion. The presentation emphasizes combining multiple renewables and using storage to increase flexibility. It also discusses commercial arrangements and maintaining the viability of on-site renewables.

1. Dr Mike Pedley
EMEX 22 November 2018

2. Agenda
 Introductions
 Economics for on site renewables
 Costs, benefits and subsidies (or lack of them)
 Technologies
 Single technologies e.g. Solar PV, Wind, Hydro, AD
 Multi-renewables
 Storage & flexibility
 Commercial arrangements & options

3.  Solar PV
 Wind
 Hydro
 Anaerobic
Digestion
On Site Renewables: Introduction

4. On Site Renewables: Introduction
 Generation supplied “behind the meter”
 …or behind the substation
 Usually connected to load by private network
Grid Private (i.e. on-site)

5. Economics: Electricity Prices
 Wholesale: ‘static’ (2010-2017)
 Retail: rising steadily
 Within day volatility
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Electricity Wholesale v Retail costs (£/MWh)
W'sale
Retail
(industrial)

6. Economics: Electricity Prices
 Wholesale: ‘static’ (2010-2017)
 Retail: rising steadily
 Within day volatility
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Electricity Wholesale v Retail costs (£/MWh)
W'sale
Retail
(industrial)
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0:30
2:00
3:30
5:00
6:30
8:00
9:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
Half Hourly system prices: 28 Jul 2018
£/MWh
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
0:30
2:30
4:30
6:30
8:30
10:30
12:30
14:30
16:30
18:30
20:30
22:30
0:30
2:30
4:30
6:30
8:30
10:30
Half Hourly prices: 11-12 Oct 2018
£/MWh

7. Economics: Costs
 Wind and Solar costs falling
 e.g. BEIS Solar PV
 e.g. IRENA (International Renewable Energy Association)
 2015-2025 forecasts
 Offshore wind -35% £/MWh
 Solar PV – 59% £/MWh
 Hydro & AD: static or rising
 …very dependent upon site
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Solar PV Costs (4-50kW)
£/kW
Source: BEIS

8. Economics: Subsidies
 ROCs: closed (to new entrants)
 Feed in Tariff’s: going…
 …but not yet gone (end 31/3/19)
 NB Quotas full for Wind >100kW & standalone PV
 RHI (Renewable Heat Incentive): available for biogas (i.e. AD)
FiT tariffs (p/kWh)
To 31
Mar 19 2011
Solar PV < 50 kW (EPC D or better) 4.03 32.9
Solar PV 50 - 249 kW (EPC D or better) 1.69 30.7
Wind < 50 kW 8.24 25.3
Wind 50 - 99 kW 4.87 19.7
Hydro < 100 kW 8.03 18.7
Hydro 100 - 1999 kW 6.46 11.5
AD < 250 kW 4.50 14.0
AD 250-499 kW 4.27 13.0

9. Solar PV
 Quick to consent & install
 Low maintenance
 Costs falling
 Viable if there is an on site load (& economies of scale &/or storage)

10. Wind
 Slow (& risky) to develop
 Costs falling
 Economic without subsidy
 depending on scale & load

11. Hydro
 Well established (150+ years!)
 Long life & low maintenance (& compact)
 Energy recovery options
 E.g. Pump-As-Turbine
 Economics vary hugely
– assess case by case

12. AD
 Multiple fuel sources
 Food waste, farm waste, crops (e.g. maize), sewage biosolids
 Multiple output options
 Heat, gas, electricity
MaizeFood
Sewage

13. Combining Renewables
Gas
clean
upDigester
G
A
S
G
R
I
D
Thermal
Hydrolysis
Plant
E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y
G
R
I
D
Gas
injection
Bio-
methane
300
l/s
Rawsewage(300l/s)
River Dee
propane
Boiler
2.5 MW Solar PV
CHP
FIVE
FORDS
WWTW
Sludge
imports
Heat

14. Combining Renewables
Gas
clean
upDigester
G
A
S
G
R
I
D
Thermal
Hydrolysis
Plant
E
L
E
C
T
R
I
C
I
T
Y
G
R
I
D
Gas
injection
Bio-
methane
300
l/s
Rawsewage(300l/s)
River Dee
propane
300
l/s
Boiler
0.5 – 1 MW
Wind
2.5 MW Solar PV
CHP
FIVE
FORDS
WWTW
Sludge
imports
Heat
Battery?30kW
hydro

15. Biogas Clean-up
(membrane plant)
Grid Entry Unit
Propane
Plant
Gas holder
Digesters
CHP
Combining Renewables
 Flexibility
 Matching generation
to load
10,000 solar panels

16. Flexibility & Storage
 Design for flexibility
 fuel storage, energy storage, load mgt
 Various Income streams
 Products
 National Grid; Supplier; DNO products
 e.g. frequency response
 Prices / HH trading
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0:30
2:00
3:30
5:00
6:30
8:00
9:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
Half Hourly system prices: 28 Jul 2018
£/MWh
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
0:30
2:30
4:30
6:30
8:30
10:30
12:30
14:30
16:30
18:30
20:30
22:30
0:30
2:30
4:30
6:30
8:30
10:30
Half Hourly prices: 11-12 Oct 2018
£/MWh

17. Commercials & Options
 Self invest or 3rd party funded?
 Maintenance & Asset life
 Build or Acquire?
 Private wire PPAs
Private (i.e. on-site)

18. On site Renewables:
Are they still worth the effort?
 ‘Matching’ technology & generation to load
 Flexibility enhances value
 Subsidy opportunities may still be available
 …for Feed in Tariffs sites must be live by 31 March 2019
 Consider alternative commercial arrangements
FiT tariffs (p/kWh)
To 31
Mar 19 2011
Solar PV < 50 kW (EPC D or better) 4.03 32.9
Solar PV 50 - 249 kW (EPC D or better) 1.69 30.7
Wind < 50 kW 8.24 25.3
Wind 50 - 99 kW 4.87 19.7
Hydro < 100 kW 8.03 18.7
Hydro 100 - 1999 kW 6.46 11.5
AD < 250 kW 4.50 14.0
AD 250-499 kW 4.27 13.0
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
0:30
2:00
3:30
5:00
6:30
8:00
9:30
11:00
12:30
14:00
15:30
17:00
18:30
20:00
21:30
23:00
Half Hourly system prices: 28 Jul 2018
£/MWh

19. Dr Mike Pedley
EMEX 22 November 2018