Zoonotic diseases are very common in recent days. They can be reduced to certain extent by taking proper measures.

1. MANAGING PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS AT THE HUMAN-ANIMAL-
ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE
*Ameena Kadar K A, Anas H, Najitha
Grace College Of Pharmacy, Palakkad , 678004
Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences.
INTRODUCTION
 Good personal hygiene.
 Hygienic food preparation: Food-borne
diseases can be largely avoided through
correct processing and hygienic food
preparation.
 Avoid consumption of fruits that eaten by the
Animals & Birds.
 Try to use Pasteurized products.
 Vaccination for people: Vaccines are available
for some zoonoses and they should be made
use of. Abattoir workers, farmers and vets
should seek advice on Q fever vaccination. To
protect against Australian bat Lyssavirus, bat
carers are advised to have a rabies
vaccination.
 Personal protection.
 Maintain animal health: Farm biosecurity and
animal health programs, including the use of
vaccines, play an important role in reducing
the risk of some zoonotic diseases.
 Care when pregnant: To reduce the risk of
toxoplasmosis, pregnant women should not
empty cat litter boxes and or handle pregnant
ewes.
 Care when immuno-suppressed: People with
depressed immunity whether due to illness or
medical treatments, should avoid all exposure
to zoonotic diseases.
 Suspect and stray animals: Animals that
appear ill, or carry skin infections should not
be handled without taking precautions.
 Control of pest animals: Animals such as rats
or feral pigs or ticks can carry zoonotic
diseases and control programs will reduce the
likelihood of transmission to people.
The interface between humans, animals, and the
environments we share can also be a source of diseases
impacting public health and the social and economic well-
being of the world population. Such diseases, transmissible
from animals to humans through direct contact or though
food, water, and the environment, are commonly referred to
as “zoonotic diseases.”
The burden of infectious diseases in human populations in low-
and middle-income countries remains high in the majority of
cases.
The causative agents of Diseases of Unknown Origins (DUOs)
fall broadly into three groups: (1) known pathogens that were
not tested for or misdiagnosed, (2) previously unrecognized
but common pathogens (Eg; Parechovirus and human
metapneumovirus) and (3) newly emerging or re-emerging
pathogens (Eg; filoviruses, henipavirus, and coronaviruses).
Poster Code: NCP150
• Guidelines by WHO, Managing public health risks at
the human-animal interface,.
• Michael Greger ,The Human/Animal interface:
Emergence & Resurgence of Zoonotic Infectious
Disease, article .
SOME PRECAUTIONS
EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES
 The spillover of zoonotic diseases from wildlife to human
beings.
REFERENCES
ONE HEALTH CONCEPT
It is a collaborative, multisectoral approach –
with the goal of achieving optimal health
outcomes recognizing the interconnection
between people, animals, plants , and their
shared environment.
MANAGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES
The fundamental concept in prevention, control and eradication of
zoonotic diseases is focused upon ‘breaking the chain of
transmission at its epidemiologically weakest link’ in the infection
cycle.
There are 3 types of prevention:
 Primary Prevention
 Secondary Prevention
 Tertiary Prevention.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
Activities directed towards preventing exposure to casual factors.
 Example: Quarantine and Vaccination.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
It includes the detection of disease as early as possible.
 Example: Screening test, Test Slaughter and Depopulation.
TERTIARY PREVENTION
Prevention by Treatment.
CONCLUSION
 These animal and human health
challenges will require innovative
measures to improve vigilance.
 World Zoonoses Day is held every year on
July 6 to raises awareness for the risk of
Zoonotic diseases.
 Preventive measures as well as veterinary
medicines & use of Vaccines plays an
important role in effective disease control.