The document discusses the origins and nature of Standard English. It traces the term "Standard English" back to 1138 when it referred to military standards or flags. By the 18th century, it was applied to language and literature. Standard English emerged from the East Midland dialect becoming dominant due to various political, communication, and industrial factors. Linguists disagree on the definition of Standard English and whether it refers to grammar, orthography, or a particular accent. The document concludes that while there is debate around Standard English, English language teachers should be aware of variations but focus on exposing students to authentic materials to familiarize them with English broadly.

10. Kachru’s Concentric (=Overlapping) Circles of English (from Kachru 1997: 213)