CREIDO is an enhanced Chord overlay protocol for wireless sensor networks that improves packet delivery ratio. Chord uses a ring structure and finger tables to route packets but its periodic stabilization function incurs overhead on power-restricted sensors. CREIDO addresses this by having nodes periodically send lightweight CREIDO packets to successors and predecessors to notify them of joins and departures instead of running the full stabilization. Simulation results show CREIDO increases packet delivery ratio by up to 19%, throughput by up to 14%, and control packet overhead is reduced by up to 12% compared to the traditional Chord protocol.

1. Performance Analysis of CREIDO
Enhanced Chord Overlay Protocol for
Wireless Sensor Networks

2. Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)
• Potential societal applications like Body Area Networks, etc.
• Becomes data generating and people centric nodes in recent
applications like urban sensing etc.
• Data has to be managed and transported in a appropriate manner.
• So, Chord Overlay Protocol is implemented over WSNs and an
amendment is proposed to traditional chord to improve Packet
Delivery Ratio.

3. SOME USEFUL APPLICATIONS

4. Chord Overlay Protocol
• Chord is a ring like structure.
• Connections to the nodes are in logarithmic distance.
• Each node has a successor and a predecessor contiguous in the ring.
• Nodes maintain a routing table with m entries called finger table.

5. An Example Chord Ring
• A chord with 16 vertices.
• This chord structure will have
4 entries in the finger table.

6. Advantages of Chord Overlay Protocol
• Load Balancing
• Decentralization
• Flexible Naming
• Scalability

7. Stabilize Function
• Used in Chord to make the architecture robust.
• Runs periodically to check new nodes joins and failures to modify
routing entries.
• Periodical execution incurs overhead in power restricted sensor
networks also leading to unstable architecture resulting in low Packet
delivery ration.

8. CREIDO Packet
• Periodical light weight packet.
• Every nodes sends CREIDO packet to its successor and predecessor.
• When a node departs, CREIDO packets from that particular node is
stopped making the neighbours to run stabilize function.
• When a node joins, it sends CREIDO to the neighbour notifying its
new presence to run stabilize function.

9. Results
• Simulator: OverSim framework for OMNeT++
• No. of Nodes: 25 nodes
• Simulation Time:1500s.
• Metrics: Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR), Throughput and Control Packet
Overhead(CPO).
• Mobility model: Random waypoint model
• CREIDO periodicity: 10s, 15s and 20s.

10. Results (contd.)
Packet Delivery Ratio:
CREIDO PERIODICITY (seconds) INCREASE IN PDR (percentage)
10 14
15 19
20 12

11. Results (contd.)
Throughput:
CREIDO PERIODICITY (seconds) INCREASE IN THROUGHPUT
(PERCENTAGE)
10 10
15 14
20 13

12. Results (contd.)
Control Packet Overhead:
CREIDO PERIODICITY(seconds) INCREASE (IN PERCENTAGE)
10 9
15 12
15 9

13. Conclusion
• Simulation results describes that PDR, Throughput and CPO is
escalated to 15%, 12.33 %, 10% respectively.
• Future expansion is analysing the proposed model for various
movement models and mitigating the security issues arising due to the
amendment of CREIDO packets.