This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and open educational practices (OEP). It defines OER as educational resources that are freely available online for anyone to use. It discusses OER at different levels of granularity and formats. The document presents a vision for OER to transform education by focusing on learner autonomy and sharing of resources. It emphasizes a shift from OER as static resources to OEP, which involve the practices of creating, using and managing OER. It proposes dimensions and a framework to characterize OEP based on analysis of case studies. The framework considers OEP strategies and policies, barriers, tools, and skills development at the macro, meso, and micro levels.

1. OER and associated practices
– opportunities and challenges
Gráinne Conole,
The Open University, UK
g.c.conole@open.ac.uk
OER Panel, EDEN Research Workshop
Budapest, 26th October 2010

2. Basic definition
The open provision of educational resources, enabled by
information and communication technologies, for
consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users
for non-commercial purposes (UNESCO 2002)
Broader definition
Learning resources
Courseware, content modules, learning objects, learner
support & assessment tools, online learning communities
Resources to support teachers
Tools for teachers and support materials to enable them to
create, adapt and use OER; training materials for teachers
Resources to assure the quality of education and educational
practices (UNESCO 2004)

3. • Level of granularity
– ‘Atomistic’: based around learning objects (Merlot)
– ‘Holistic: aligned to course structures (MIT)
• Format
– Simple, primarily text-based
– Rich multi-faceted multimedia
• Pedagogy
– Relatively neutral
– Embedded
OER models

4. OER - a vision of transformation
Beyond content – focus on activity and use
Learners as self-directed and autonomous
More of a focus on sharing, refinement,
iteration, critical reflection
OER as a potential catalyst to transforming
educational practice
Improvements in social inclusion, quality and
innovation

5. From resources to practices

6. The OPAL vision
6
Open Educational Resource Practice
OEP constitute the range of practices around the
creation, use and management of OER with the intent
to improve quality and innovate education.
Focus on the practice around OER rather than the
resources
Better understanding will lead to improvements in the
quality of OER and more innovation

7. Abstracting dimensions of Practice
Open Educational Practices
(OEP)
Practices around the creation, use and
management of Open Educational
Resources
Approach
60+ case studies of OER collected
Dimensions of OEP derived
Online consultation process
http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloudscape/view/2105

8. Open Educational Resources
Open Learning Initiative

9. Pedagogically diverse
Conole, McAndrew & Dimitriadis, forthcoming

10. Open Educational Practice Dimensions
Strategies and policies
Quality Assurance models
Partnership models
Business models/sustainability strategies
Barriers and success factors
Tools and tool practices
Skills development and support
Innovations
Strategies and polices
Barriers and success factors
Tools and tool practices
Skills development and support
Strategies and policies
Quality Assurance models
Partnership models
Business models/sustainability strategies
Barriers and success factors
Tools and tool practices
Skills development and support
Innovations

11. The OEP cube model
• THE DIMENSION: What?
– Strategies and Policies
– Barriers and Success Factors
– Tools and Tool Practices
– Skills Development and Support
• THE CONTEXT: Where?
– Macro level (society)
– Meso level (organisation)
– Micro level (individuals)
• MATURITY: How well is it established?
– Initial (not yet started)
– Managed
– Defined
– Optimizing (embedded / advanced)
CONTEXT
11

12. Refining the dimension
12
Strategies & Policies
Barriers and Success Factors
Tools & tool practices
Skills Development & Support
QA models
Partnership Models
Business Models
Sustainability Strategies
Barriers
Success Factors
Tools
Tool Practices
Digital Literacy
Support structures and processes
12 skills of evolving digital literacy
Henry Jenkins
CYBERLEARNING REPORT
CONTEXT

13. Maturity View
• INITIAL (not yet started): Process
unpredictable, poorly controlled
and reactive
• MANAGED: Process characterized
for projects and is often reactive.
• DEFINED: Process characterized
for the organisation and is
proactive (Projects tailor their
process from the organisation’s
standard)
• OPTIMIZING (embedded /
advanced): Process is measured
and controlled, the focus on
process improvement
13
CONTEXT

14. Maturity model 14
Macro-level:
Societal
Meso-level:
Organisation
Micro-level:
Individual
Levels
OER
embedded
in strategy
Institutional OER
repository
Adapted from diagram by T. Koskinen

15. Uses and benefits
• Three uses
– Benchmarking
– Guidance
– Reflection and comparison
• Benefits
– Guides users in understanding how to think about
the key issues.
– Flexible enough to cover the multiple stakeholders
– Sub-cubes provide practical illustrative examples
– Useful as a mechanism for institutions to self-
benchmark
15

16. Mapping the case studies
16
Micro Meso Macro
Strategies and
policies
Personal
motivations
and goals
Institutional
strategies and
policies in place
Embedded in
national policy
and funding
Barriers and
success factors
Tension
between
research and
teaching
Lack of
appropriate
structure
Lack of funding
or rewards
Tools and tool
practices
Use of web 2.0
tools to discuss
OER
Institutional
OER repository
National
repository
available
Skills
development
and support
Peer review
and discussion
Institutional
workshops on
OER
Hewett OER
projects and
OCW

17. Questions for debate
• Learning and the context of learning have changed
• We need new approaches to learning and teaching
• How can we harness increasingly sophisticated tools
and OERs?
• How can we support innovation in the use and
reuse of OER?
• Will openness enable or restrict social inclusion?
• What are the quality implications in an increasingly
open context?
• Will a focus on OER practices lead to improvements
in quality and innovation?
A vision of OEP for inclusion, innovation & quality