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Presented by
Stephen R. Temple
Steen Research LLC
Steenresearch.com
JBS
Presentation
September 17, 2014
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Odor ControlOdor Control
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Monitoring
o Mechanical Process
o Process
o Maintenance
o Chemistry
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Common SenseCommon Sense
Odor Control
Odor Control
Program Incorporates
ProblemsProblems
SourcesSources
SolutionsSolutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Common SenseCommon Sense
Common Sense:Common Sense:
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Common SenseCommon Sense
Stink
Cooking Fresh or Decaying ProteinCooking Fresh or Decaying Protein
Generates Odiferous GasesGenerates Odiferous Gases
ProblemProblem
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Common SenseCommon Sense
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Odor SourcesOdor Sources
Primary SourcesPrimary Sources Secondary SourcesSecondary Sources
Common SenseCommon Sense
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Primary SourcesPrimary Sources
 Infall BayInfall Bay
 Cooker and Hyrdolyzer (Fugitive Odors)Cooker and Hyrdolyzer (Fugitive Odors)
 Non-ConNon-Con
 Screw PressScrew Press
 CentrifugeCentrifuge
Odor SourcesOdor Sources
Common SenseCommon Sense
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Secondary SourcesSecondary Sources
 Cooker and Hydrolizer CondensateCooker and Hydrolizer Condensate
 Evaporator CondensateEvaporator Condensate
 W/W Bio ReactorsW/W Bio Reactors
 Aeration Ponds and BasinsAeration Ponds and Basins
 Milling RoomMilling Room
Odor SourcesOdor Sources
Common SenseCommon Sense
Three Phases of OdorThree Phases of Odor
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Common SenseCommon Sense
Nature of OdorNature of Odor
 Gas-Phase VOCsGas-Phase VOCs
 Aerosol Fats & OilsAerosol Fats & Oils
 Water VaporWater Vapor
 Solid ParticulatesSolid Particulates
 SmokeSmoke
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Odor SourcesOdor Sources
Common SenseCommon Sense
ContainmentContainment
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Odor SourcesOdor Sources
Common SenseCommon Sense
Milling Room SmokeMilling Room Smoke
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and ContainmentControl and Containment
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Solutions
Common SenseCommon Sense
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
Stack EffectStack Effect
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Solutions
Stack EffectStack Effect
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
W/W/FSW/W/FS
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Control and Containment
Common SenseCommon Sense
Solutions
Inspection
Differential PressureDifferential Pressure
GaugeGauge
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Helpful
Tools
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Helpful
Tools
SCIENCESCIENCE
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Latin "scientia," meaning knowledge
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
BK-BBQBK-BBQ
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
GasesGases
ScienceScience
 Nitrogen CompoundsNitrogen Compounds
 Sulfur CompoundsSulfur Compounds
 AldehydesAldehydes
 Volatile Fatty AcidsVolatile Fatty Acids
 EstersEsters
 KetonesKetones
 AlcoholsAlcohols
 Oxygen CompoundsOxygen Compounds
 Chlorinated VOCsChlorinated VOCs
 HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
GasesGases
ScienceScience
VOCs Detected in
High Intensity Vapors
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Ammonia
Trimethyl Amine
Methyl Pyrazine
Pyrrole
1-ethyl-1H-Pyrrole
Ethyl Pyrazine
Pyrazine
2,6-dimethyl-Pyrazine
1-methyl-1H-Pyrrole
2-methyl-Pyridine
2,5-dimethyl-1H-Pyrrole
3-methyl-Butenenitrile
3-methyl-Pyridine
Gases
Nitrogen Compounds
N,N-dimethyl-Benzamide
5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3-hydroxy-
1,2,4-Triazole
Indole
Octanenitrile
3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H pyrrole
5-butyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-8A-
tetrahydroindolizine
Acetamide
N,N-dibutyl-Formamide
Benzonitrile
2-Methyl-pyrrole
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Hydrogen Sulfide
Dimethyl Trisulfide
Dimethyl Disulfide
Carbonyl Sulfide
Thiophene
methyl-ethyl-Disulfide
Thiirane
Dimethyl Sulf
Methylthio Ethane
Carbon disulfide
2-methyl-Thiophene
3-Phenyl -Thiophene
Benzothiazole
3-(Methylthio)-1-propene
2-methyl-Thiazole
Sulfur Compounds
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
3-methyl-Butanal
2-methyl-Propanal
2-methyl-Butanal
Acetaldehyde
Aldehyde similar to 3-methyl-Butanal
Hexanal
Butanal
Benzaldehyde
Pentanal
Furfural
Heptanal
3-methylthio-Butyraldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Isobutyraldehyde
Isovaleraldehyde
3-Methyl-pentanal
2-methyl-2-Butenal
2-Dodecenal
Nonanal
1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde
Heptanal
3-methylthio-Butyraldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Isobutyraldehyde
Isovaleraldehyde
3-Methyl-pentanal
Octanal
2-methyl-2-Butenal
2-Dodecenal
Nonanal
1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde
Octanal
Aldehydes
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Acetic acid
Propanoic acid
Isobutyric acid
Butyric acid
Isovaleric acid
2-Furancarboxylic acid
Valeric acid
4-Methyl-pentanoic acid
Caproic acid
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
Volatile Fatty Acids
Octanoic acid
Nonanoic acid
4-Carboxamidonicotinic acid
Decanoic acid
Pentadecanoic acid
Thiosulfuric acid
Benzoic acid
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid
Hexanedioic acid
Heptanoic acid
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Methyl Acetate
Propyl Acetate
Butyl Acetate
Ethyl Butanoate
Propyl Butanoate
Butyl Butanoate
Methyl Butanoate
4-Hydroxydodecanoic acid lactone
Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate
Esters
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Acetone
2-Butanone
1-(2-furanyl)-Ethanone
2-Heptanone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)
2-Pyrrolidinone
3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone
Piperidinone
1,6-Dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione
1-Phenyl-ethanone
1-(Methoxy-3-pyranzinyl)-1-ethanone
2-Octanone
3-Hexanone
2-Nonanone
2-Decanone
Ketones
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Methanol
Ethanol
Furfuryl Alcohol
1-Butanol
2-methyl-1-Propanol
1-Propanol
α,α-Dimethyl
benzenemethanol
1-Heptadecanol
2,5,8,11,14-
Pentaoxahexadecan-16-ol
Methylphloroglucinol
Heptanol
2-Ethyl-hexanol
1-Hexanol
2-Butoxy-Ethanol
2-Furanmethanol
Benzenemethanol
Benzeneethanol
1-Octanol
Alcohols
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
Oxygen Compounds
Furan
2-methyl-Furan
2,5-dimethyl-Furan
Tetrahydrofuran
2-Pentyl-Furan
3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-
2,4(3H)-dione
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
1,1-dichloro-2-Propanone
1-chloro-2-Butanone
Chloromethane
Chloroform (THM1)
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)
Dibromochloromethane (THM3)
Bromodichloromethane (THM2)
Carbon tetrachloride
1,2-Dimethyl-hydrazine dichloride
Chlorinated VOCs
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
2-methyl-Butane
Propylene
Toluene
Heptane
Benzene
Hexane
Ethylbenzene
2-Butene
1-Methyl-2-isopropyl benzene
Naphthalene
Trans-(-)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene
4-Vinyl-2-methoxy-phenol
p-Cresol
Methylnapthalene
Hydrocarbons
Phenol
2-Methyl-decane
2-methyl-1-Propene
Limonene
(1-Methylethenyl)-benzene
9-Octadecyne
Trans-caryophyllene
1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene
Polynuclear Aromatics
ScienceScience
Water SolubilityWater Solubility
Compounds Affinity For WaterCompounds Affinity For Water
VolatilityVolatility
Compounds Affinity For AirCompounds Affinity For Air
AdsorptionAdsorption
Compounds Affinity For SolidsCompounds Affinity For Solids
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Physical Properties
Gases
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
ScienceScience
Water Solubility
Temperature Sensitive
Low Temp = High Solubility
Volatility
pH Sensitive
Alkaline pH Sulfur Compounds
Acidic pH Nitrogen Compounds
Neutral pH Oxygenated Compounds
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
ScienceScience
AdsorptionAdsorption
Aerosolized Fats Oils Greases,
Solid Particulates and Smoke
Contain:
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Gases
pH –Water SolubilitypH –Water Solubility
Hydrogen Sulfide HHydrogen Sulfide H22SS
vsvs
Ammonia NHAmmonia NH33
H2S
NH3
ScienceScience
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Liquid AerosolsLiquid Aerosols
ScienceScience
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Liquid AerosolsLiquid Aerosols
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
SmokeSmoke
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate
Science
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Odor VOCs Absorbed on ParticulatesOdor VOCs Absorbed on Particulates
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
ScienceScience
Electro-Static Charged Particulates
Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate
BDBD
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Engineering is theEngineering is the
Application ofApplication of
ScienceScience
to Solve ato Solve a
Real-World ProblemReal-World Problem
New ProcessNew Process
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
New ProcessNew Process
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Spray Venturi – Alkaline Scrubbing and Acid Scrubbing
Typical System
Engineering
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Scrubber ChemistriesScrubber Chemistries
 Masking AgentsMasking Agents
 EnzymesEnzymes
 ScavengersScavengers
 Oxidizers (ClOxidizers (Cl22, ClO, ClO2,2, OO3,3, HO)HO)
Masking Agents, Enzymes and ScavengersMasking Agents, Enzymes and Scavengers
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Masking AgentsMasking Agents
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
 Adds VOC’sAdds VOC’s
 EnvironmentalEnvironmental
SensitivitySensitivity
 No Feedback ControlNo Feedback Control
Based on LoadingBased on Loading
 High Water UseHigh Water Use
 Bio-FoulingBio-Fouling
Engineering
EnzymeEnzyme
withwith
Masking AgentMasking Agent
 Patent TextPatent Text
http://www.google.com/patents/US20120219480http://www.google.com/patents/US20120219480
Minimal Reduction of H2S and NH3 compared to straight water w/o pHMinimal Reduction of H2S and NH3 compared to straight water w/o pH
modificationmodification
 Enzymes - Slow Reaction TimeEnzymes - Slow Reaction Time
 Masking AgentMasking Agent
 VOC GenerationVOC Generation
 FoamingFoaming
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
TriazineTriazine
 Old Oil Field TechnologyOld Oil Field Technology
 Nitrogen Loading to WWTNitrogen Loading to WWT
 No Loading Feedback ControlNo Loading Feedback Control
 High Water UseHigh Water Use
 Triazine → Thiadiazine, → DithiazineTriazine → Thiadiazine, → Dithiazine
 BioFoulingBioFouling
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
OxidizersOxidizers
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
OHOH the Hydroxyl Radical and the 2the Hydroxyl Radical and the 2ndnd
strongest oxidizer known to man.strongest oxidizer known to man.
STEEN RESEARCH, LLC
Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Relative Oxidation Of Reactive Species
Oxidizers
Bleach and Chlorine DioxideBleach and Chlorine Dioxide
ClOClO22 Weak OxidizerWeak Oxidizer
 Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a lowVolatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low
temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)
 When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimentalWhen free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental
compounds are such ascompounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethaneshaloamines, and trihalomethanes, THM’s are, THM’s are
produced.produced. (THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)(THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)
 Addition of salts to the water systemAddition of salts to the water system
 Has a negative effect on waste waterHas a negative effect on waste water
biological systembiological system
ClO2 Engineering
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Bleach and Chlorine DioxideBleach and Chlorine Dioxide
ClOClO22
 Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules Simultaneous ComplianceMicrobial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules Simultaneous Compliance
Guidance Manual (Guidance Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/simult.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/simult.pdf))
 Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a lowVolatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low
temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)
 When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimentalWhen free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental
compounds are such ascompounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethaneshaloamines, and trihalomethanes, THM’s are, THM’s are
produced.produced. (THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)(THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)
 Addition of salts to the water systemAddition of salts to the water system
 Has a negative effect on waste waterHas a negative effect on waste water
biological systembiological system ClO2 Engineering
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Purate 2 Part ClO2Purate 2 Part ClO2
 Low pHLow pH
 Insoluble about 110 FInsoluble about 110 F
 Acid Scrubbing onlyAcid Scrubbing only
 Toxic blow down to bio pondsToxic blow down to bio ponds
 Produces CarcinogenicProduces Carcinogenic
CompoundsCompounds THM’sTHM’s
 Extreme Fire HazardExtreme Fire Hazard
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Engineering
3 Part ClO23 Part ClO2
 Better pH rangeBetter pH range
 Insoluble about 110 FInsoluble about 110 F
 Toxic blow-down to bio pondsToxic blow-down to bio ponds
 Adds Lots of SaltsAdds Lots of Salts
 Produces CarcinogenicProduces Carcinogenic
CompoundsCompounds THM’sTHM’s
 Extreme Fire HazardExtreme Fire Hazard
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Engineering
Ozone OOzone O33
Triatomic OxygenTriatomic Oxygen
 Low Solubility in WaterLow Solubility in Water
 Solubility Decreases with IncreasingSolubility Decreases with Increasing
TemperatureTemperature
 Solubility Decreases with IncreasingSolubility Decreases with Increasing
pHpH
 Increases VOC’s in air scrubberIncreases VOC’s in air scrubber
Gold Kist Ball Ground, GA Case studyGold Kist Ball Ground, GA Case study
O3
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Engineering
Ozone Solubility vs. TempOzone Solubility vs. Temp
The chart above shows ozone solubility vs. temperature for different ozone
concentrations. The water pressure is at atmospheric (0 PSIG).
(35 Degrees C = 95 Degrees F) Engineering
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Ozone Solubility vs. pHOzone Solubility vs. pH
Engineering
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Engineering
OZONE
OZONE
 Toxicity, CDC, OSA (Toxicity, CDC, OSA (Known CarcinogenKnown Carcinogen))
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314
OzoneOzone
https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_259300.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_259300.html
Health EffectsHealth Effects
http://www.epa.gov/glo/health.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/glo/health.html
 Destroys Packing And PlasticsDestroys Packing And Plastics
 Low SolubilityLow Solubility
 Low pH Soluble OnlyLow pH Soluble Only
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Engineering
Fenton Radox ReactionFenton Radox Reaction
Hydroxyl Radical the second strongest oxidizer know to man.
Secondary Fenton chemistry reaction is the generation of peroxide free radical.
FeFe2+2+
+ H+ H22OO22 → Fe→ Fe3+3+
+ OH+ OH −−
++ OHOH
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Fe3+
+ H2O2 => Fe2+
+ H+
+ HOO0
The peroxide molecule formed in this reaction (HO2
0
) is a powerful
peroxide free radical which can also oxidize organic compounds.
Engineering
Characteristic Radox ReactionCharacteristic Radox Reaction
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 Highly ReactiveHighly Reactive
 Destroys All Odor Compounds, VOC’sDestroys All Odor Compounds, VOC’s
 Effective At Any pHEffective At Any pH
 Very High Solubility in Scrubber WaterVery High Solubility in Scrubber Water
 Not Toxic or CarcinogenicNot Toxic or Carcinogenic
 Effective at All TemperaturesEffective at All Temperatures
 No BioFouling, Keeps The Scrubber CleanNo BioFouling, Keeps The Scrubber Clean
 No Fire RiskNo Fire RiskEngineering
Radox Full Scale TestRadox Full Scale Test
Case Study 1:Case Study 1:
High Intensity ScrubberHigh Intensity Scrubber
Scrubber pulled from the
cooker and presses.
Non-Methane Organic
Carbon (NMOC)
ermined using
US EPA Method 25A
Scrubber efficiency needed
to be better then 80 percent
removal.
Three continuous samples,
each 45 minutes in duration.
RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 Average
Inlet
Flow Rate,
dsfm 523 519 520 521
acfm 565 559 560 561
Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon,
ppm, as C1 1131 1035 1126 1097
lb/hr, as CH4 1.474 1.338 1.454 1.422
Outlet
Flow Rate,
dsfm 845 845 845 845
acfm 906 905 906 906
Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon,
ppm, as C1 39.5 41.4 36.6 39.1
lb/hr, as CH4 0.0832 0.0872 0.0771 0.0825
DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY, % 94.4 93.5 94.7 94.2
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Engineering
Radox USDA STUDYRadox USDA STUDY
Case Study 2:Case Study 2:
Feather Dryer AirFeather Dryer Air
ScrubberScrubber
100 K SCFM Packed Bed Air
Scrubber
USDA Compared ClO2 to RADOX-
23 Fenton Treatment System
Gas chromatography ("GC") and
mass spectrometry ("MS") was
used to determine destruction
efficiency
Results From USDA Study:Results From USDA Study:
“Samples from Radox-treated air streams had (1) 42 % higher
concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2); (2) 69 % lower
concentrations of the highly aldehyde compounds, and (3) 52 %
lower total VOC when compared to untreated, or ClO2-treated
samples.”
“The RADOX treatment reduced the total perceived odor intensity
by 74 while the ClO2 treatment did not significantly alter the odor
intensity.“
"The RADOX catalyst was shown to be significantly more
effective than chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for reducing the
concentration of malodorous VOC and total VOC emitted from
poultry rendering.
“The concentration of highly malodorous aldehyde compounds,
which were responsible for a majority of the poultry rendering
odor, were not changed by the ClO2 treatment.”
“Additionally, there was a 5-fold higher concentration of indole in
the ClO2 samples when compared to RADOX-treated samples.”
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Sulfuric acid
tank
Acid Pump
Precursor “B”
Tote
Make-Down
System
Soap
Pump
To Each
Scrubber
pH probe
Application of Radox-23 Fenton System
Red Control ValveRed Control Valve
To Scrubber Pump
suction
Pre “B” pump
Red Control ValveRed Control Valve
SC-
211
Drum
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Acid Pre-B and Soap
Make-Down
Radox-23 Fenton System AppliedRadox-23 Fenton System Applied
Multiple ScrubbersMultiple Scrubbers
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Acid, Pre-B & Soap
Applied
Radox-23 Fenton System AppliedRadox-23 Fenton System Applied
Multiple ScrubbersMultiple Scrubbers
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Engineering
Pre-A
Make-Down
MonitoringMonitoring
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Engineering
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
Engineering
Helpful
Tools
Detection Tubes
GasTec/Drager/Rae
Multi Gas Meter
Question and AnswersQuestion and Answers
“Yes …I believe there’s a question there in the back.”
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Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering

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  • 34. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Ammonia Trimethyl Amine Methyl Pyrazine Pyrrole 1-ethyl-1H-Pyrrole Ethyl Pyrazine Pyrazine 2,6-dimethyl-Pyrazine 1-methyl-1H-Pyrrole 2-methyl-Pyridine 2,5-dimethyl-1H-Pyrrole 3-methyl-Butenenitrile 3-methyl-Pyridine Gases Nitrogen Compounds N,N-dimethyl-Benzamide 5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3-hydroxy- 1,2,4-Triazole Indole Octanenitrile 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H pyrrole 5-butyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-8A- tetrahydroindolizine Acetamide N,N-dibutyl-Formamide Benzonitrile 2-Methyl-pyrrole
  • 35. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Hydrogen Sulfide Dimethyl Trisulfide Dimethyl Disulfide Carbonyl Sulfide Thiophene methyl-ethyl-Disulfide Thiirane Dimethyl Sulf Methylthio Ethane Carbon disulfide 2-methyl-Thiophene 3-Phenyl -Thiophene Benzothiazole 3-(Methylthio)-1-propene 2-methyl-Thiazole Sulfur Compounds ScienceScience
  • 36. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases 3-methyl-Butanal 2-methyl-Propanal 2-methyl-Butanal Acetaldehyde Aldehyde similar to 3-methyl-Butanal Hexanal Butanal Benzaldehyde Pentanal Furfural Heptanal 3-methylthio-Butyraldehyde Propionaldehyde Isobutyraldehyde Isovaleraldehyde 3-Methyl-pentanal 2-methyl-2-Butenal 2-Dodecenal Nonanal 1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde Heptanal 3-methylthio-Butyraldehyde Propionaldehyde Isobutyraldehyde Isovaleraldehyde 3-Methyl-pentanal Octanal 2-methyl-2-Butenal 2-Dodecenal Nonanal 1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde Octanal Aldehydes ScienceScience
  • 37. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Acetic acid Propanoic acid Isobutyric acid Butyric acid Isovaleric acid 2-Furancarboxylic acid Valeric acid 4-Methyl-pentanoic acid Caproic acid 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Volatile Fatty Acids Octanoic acid Nonanoic acid 4-Carboxamidonicotinic acid Decanoic acid Pentadecanoic acid Thiosulfuric acid Benzoic acid (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid Hexanedioic acid Heptanoic acid ScienceScience
  • 38. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Methyl Acetate Propyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Ethyl Butanoate Propyl Butanoate Butyl Butanoate Methyl Butanoate 4-Hydroxydodecanoic acid lactone Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate Esters ScienceScience
  • 39. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Acetone 2-Butanone 1-(2-furanyl)-Ethanone 2-Heptanone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) 2-Pyrrolidinone 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone Piperidinone 1,6-Dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione 1-Phenyl-ethanone 1-(Methoxy-3-pyranzinyl)-1-ethanone 2-Octanone 3-Hexanone 2-Nonanone 2-Decanone Ketones ScienceScience
  • 40. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Methanol Ethanol Furfuryl Alcohol 1-Butanol 2-methyl-1-Propanol 1-Propanol α,α-Dimethyl benzenemethanol 1-Heptadecanol 2,5,8,11,14- Pentaoxahexadecan-16-ol Methylphloroglucinol Heptanol 2-Ethyl-hexanol 1-Hexanol 2-Butoxy-Ethanol 2-Furanmethanol Benzenemethanol Benzeneethanol 1-Octanol Alcohols ScienceScience
  • 41. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases Oxygen Compounds Furan 2-methyl-Furan 2,5-dimethyl-Furan Tetrahydrofuran 2-Pentyl-Furan 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran- 2,4(3H)-dione ScienceScience
  • 42. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases 1,1-dichloro-2-Propanone 1-chloro-2-Butanone Chloromethane Chloroform (THM1) Tetrachloroethene (PCE) Dibromochloromethane (THM3) Bromodichloromethane (THM2) Carbon tetrachloride 1,2-Dimethyl-hydrazine dichloride Chlorinated VOCs ScienceScience
  • 43. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases 2-methyl-Butane Propylene Toluene Heptane Benzene Hexane Ethylbenzene 2-Butene 1-Methyl-2-isopropyl benzene Naphthalene Trans-(-)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 4-Vinyl-2-methoxy-phenol p-Cresol Methylnapthalene Hydrocarbons Phenol 2-Methyl-decane 2-methyl-1-Propene Limonene (1-Methylethenyl)-benzene 9-Octadecyne Trans-caryophyllene 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene Polynuclear Aromatics ScienceScience
  • 44. Water SolubilityWater Solubility Compounds Affinity For WaterCompounds Affinity For Water VolatilityVolatility Compounds Affinity For AirCompounds Affinity For Air AdsorptionAdsorption Compounds Affinity For SolidsCompounds Affinity For Solids STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Physical Properties Gases
  • 45. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases ScienceScience Water Solubility Temperature Sensitive Low Temp = High Solubility Volatility pH Sensitive Alkaline pH Sulfur Compounds Acidic pH Nitrogen Compounds Neutral pH Oxygenated Compounds
  • 46. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases ScienceScience AdsorptionAdsorption Aerosolized Fats Oils Greases, Solid Particulates and Smoke Contain:
  • 47. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Gases pH –Water SolubilitypH –Water Solubility Hydrogen Sulfide HHydrogen Sulfide H22SS vsvs Ammonia NHAmmonia NH33 H2S NH3 ScienceScience
  • 48. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Liquid AerosolsLiquid Aerosols ScienceScience
  • 49. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Liquid AerosolsLiquid Aerosols
  • 50. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience SmokeSmoke
  • 51. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate
  • 52. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate
  • 53. Science STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Odor VOCs Absorbed on ParticulatesOdor VOCs Absorbed on Particulates
  • 54. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering ScienceScience Electro-Static Charged Particulates Solid ParticulateSolid Particulate BDBD
  • 55. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 56. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Engineering is theEngineering is the Application ofApplication of ScienceScience to Solve ato Solve a Real-World ProblemReal-World Problem
  • 57. New ProcessNew Process STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 58. New ProcessNew Process STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 59. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 60. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Spray Venturi – Alkaline Scrubbing and Acid Scrubbing Typical System Engineering
  • 61. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Scrubber ChemistriesScrubber Chemistries  Masking AgentsMasking Agents  EnzymesEnzymes  ScavengersScavengers  Oxidizers (ClOxidizers (Cl22, ClO, ClO2,2, OO3,3, HO)HO)
  • 62. Masking Agents, Enzymes and ScavengersMasking Agents, Enzymes and Scavengers STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 63. Masking AgentsMasking Agents STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering  Adds VOC’sAdds VOC’s  EnvironmentalEnvironmental SensitivitySensitivity  No Feedback ControlNo Feedback Control Based on LoadingBased on Loading  High Water UseHigh Water Use  Bio-FoulingBio-Fouling Engineering
  • 64. EnzymeEnzyme withwith Masking AgentMasking Agent  Patent TextPatent Text http://www.google.com/patents/US20120219480http://www.google.com/patents/US20120219480 Minimal Reduction of H2S and NH3 compared to straight water w/o pHMinimal Reduction of H2S and NH3 compared to straight water w/o pH modificationmodification  Enzymes - Slow Reaction TimeEnzymes - Slow Reaction Time  Masking AgentMasking Agent  VOC GenerationVOC Generation  FoamingFoaming STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 65. TriazineTriazine  Old Oil Field TechnologyOld Oil Field Technology  Nitrogen Loading to WWTNitrogen Loading to WWT  No Loading Feedback ControlNo Loading Feedback Control  High Water UseHigh Water Use  Triazine → Thiadiazine, → DithiazineTriazine → Thiadiazine, → Dithiazine  BioFoulingBioFouling STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 66. OxidizersOxidizers STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 67. OHOH the Hydroxyl Radical and the 2the Hydroxyl Radical and the 2ndnd strongest oxidizer known to man.strongest oxidizer known to man. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Relative Oxidation Of Reactive Species Oxidizers
  • 68. Bleach and Chlorine DioxideBleach and Chlorine Dioxide ClOClO22 Weak OxidizerWeak Oxidizer  Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a lowVolatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)  When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimentalWhen free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental compounds are such ascompounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethaneshaloamines, and trihalomethanes, THM’s are, THM’s are produced.produced. (THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)(THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)  Addition of salts to the water systemAddition of salts to the water system  Has a negative effect on waste waterHas a negative effect on waste water biological systembiological system ClO2 Engineering STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
  • 69. Bleach and Chlorine DioxideBleach and Chlorine Dioxide ClOClO22  Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules Simultaneous ComplianceMicrobial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual (Guidance Manual (http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/simult.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/simult.pdf))  Volatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a lowVolatile at low temperatures (Like Bleach which flashes at a low temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)temperature, 100 Degrees F, Chlorine dioxide flashes at 110 Degrees F)  When free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimentalWhen free chlorine interacts with proteins environmentally detrimental compounds are such ascompounds are such as haloamines, and trihalomethaneshaloamines, and trihalomethanes, THM’s are, THM’s are produced.produced. (THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)(THM’s are toxic and known carcinogens)  Addition of salts to the water systemAddition of salts to the water system  Has a negative effect on waste waterHas a negative effect on waste water biological systembiological system ClO2 Engineering STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering
  • 70. Purate 2 Part ClO2Purate 2 Part ClO2  Low pHLow pH  Insoluble about 110 FInsoluble about 110 F  Acid Scrubbing onlyAcid Scrubbing only  Toxic blow down to bio pondsToxic blow down to bio ponds  Produces CarcinogenicProduces Carcinogenic CompoundsCompounds THM’sTHM’s  Extreme Fire HazardExtreme Fire Hazard STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering 3 Part ClO23 Part ClO2  Better pH rangeBetter pH range  Insoluble about 110 FInsoluble about 110 F  Toxic blow-down to bio pondsToxic blow-down to bio ponds  Adds Lots of SaltsAdds Lots of Salts  Produces CarcinogenicProduces Carcinogenic CompoundsCompounds THM’sTHM’s  Extreme Fire HazardExtreme Fire Hazard
  • 71. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Ozone OOzone O33 Triatomic OxygenTriatomic Oxygen  Low Solubility in WaterLow Solubility in Water  Solubility Decreases with IncreasingSolubility Decreases with Increasing TemperatureTemperature  Solubility Decreases with IncreasingSolubility Decreases with Increasing pHpH  Increases VOC’s in air scrubberIncreases VOC’s in air scrubber Gold Kist Ball Ground, GA Case studyGold Kist Ball Ground, GA Case study O3
  • 72. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Ozone Solubility vs. TempOzone Solubility vs. Temp The chart above shows ozone solubility vs. temperature for different ozone concentrations. The water pressure is at atmospheric (0 PSIG). (35 Degrees C = 95 Degrees F) Engineering
  • 73. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Ozone Solubility vs. pHOzone Solubility vs. pH Engineering
  • 74. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Engineering OZONE
  • 75. OZONE  Toxicity, CDC, OSA (Toxicity, CDC, OSA (Known CarcinogenKnown Carcinogen)) Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells? http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314 OzoneOzone https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_259300.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_259300.html Health EffectsHealth Effects http://www.epa.gov/glo/health.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/glo/health.html  Destroys Packing And PlasticsDestroys Packing And Plastics  Low SolubilityLow Solubility  Low pH Soluble OnlyLow pH Soluble Only STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 76. Fenton Radox ReactionFenton Radox Reaction Hydroxyl Radical the second strongest oxidizer know to man. Secondary Fenton chemistry reaction is the generation of peroxide free radical. FeFe2+2+ + H+ H22OO22 → Fe→ Fe3+3+ + OH+ OH −− ++ OHOH STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Fe3+ + H2O2 => Fe2+ + H+ + HOO0 The peroxide molecule formed in this reaction (HO2 0 ) is a powerful peroxide free radical which can also oxidize organic compounds. Engineering
  • 77. Characteristic Radox ReactionCharacteristic Radox Reaction STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering  Highly ReactiveHighly Reactive  Destroys All Odor Compounds, VOC’sDestroys All Odor Compounds, VOC’s  Effective At Any pHEffective At Any pH  Very High Solubility in Scrubber WaterVery High Solubility in Scrubber Water  Not Toxic or CarcinogenicNot Toxic or Carcinogenic  Effective at All TemperaturesEffective at All Temperatures  No BioFouling, Keeps The Scrubber CleanNo BioFouling, Keeps The Scrubber Clean  No Fire RiskNo Fire RiskEngineering
  • 78. Radox Full Scale TestRadox Full Scale Test Case Study 1:Case Study 1: High Intensity ScrubberHigh Intensity Scrubber Scrubber pulled from the cooker and presses. Non-Methane Organic Carbon (NMOC) ermined using US EPA Method 25A Scrubber efficiency needed to be better then 80 percent removal. Three continuous samples, each 45 minutes in duration. RUN 1 RUN 2 RUN 3 Average Inlet Flow Rate, dsfm 523 519 520 521 acfm 565 559 560 561 Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon, ppm, as C1 1131 1035 1126 1097 lb/hr, as CH4 1.474 1.338 1.454 1.422 Outlet Flow Rate, dsfm 845 845 845 845 acfm 906 905 906 906 Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbon, ppm, as C1 39.5 41.4 36.6 39.1 lb/hr, as CH4 0.0832 0.0872 0.0771 0.0825 DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY, % 94.4 93.5 94.7 94.2 STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 79. Radox USDA STUDYRadox USDA STUDY Case Study 2:Case Study 2: Feather Dryer AirFeather Dryer Air ScrubberScrubber 100 K SCFM Packed Bed Air Scrubber USDA Compared ClO2 to RADOX- 23 Fenton Treatment System Gas chromatography ("GC") and mass spectrometry ("MS") was used to determine destruction efficiency Results From USDA Study:Results From USDA Study: “Samples from Radox-treated air streams had (1) 42 % higher concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2); (2) 69 % lower concentrations of the highly aldehyde compounds, and (3) 52 % lower total VOC when compared to untreated, or ClO2-treated samples.” “The RADOX treatment reduced the total perceived odor intensity by 74 while the ClO2 treatment did not significantly alter the odor intensity.“ "The RADOX catalyst was shown to be significantly more effective than chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for reducing the concentration of malodorous VOC and total VOC emitted from poultry rendering. “The concentration of highly malodorous aldehyde compounds, which were responsible for a majority of the poultry rendering odor, were not changed by the ClO2 treatment.” “Additionally, there was a 5-fold higher concentration of indole in the ClO2 samples when compared to RADOX-treated samples.” STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 80. Sulfuric acid tank Acid Pump Precursor “B” Tote Make-Down System Soap Pump To Each Scrubber pH probe Application of Radox-23 Fenton System Red Control ValveRed Control Valve To Scrubber Pump suction Pre “B” pump Red Control ValveRed Control Valve SC- 211 Drum STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Acid Pre-B and Soap Make-Down
  • 81. Radox-23 Fenton System AppliedRadox-23 Fenton System Applied Multiple ScrubbersMultiple Scrubbers STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Acid, Pre-B & Soap Applied
  • 82. Radox-23 Fenton System AppliedRadox-23 Fenton System Applied Multiple ScrubbersMultiple Scrubbers STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Pre-A Make-Down
  • 83. MonitoringMonitoring STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering
  • 84. STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering Engineering Helpful Tools Detection Tubes GasTec/Drager/Rae Multi Gas Meter
  • 85. Question and AnswersQuestion and Answers “Yes …I believe there’s a question there in the back.” STEEN RESEARCH, LLC Innovations in Chemistry and Engineering

Editor's Notes

  1. Spray Venturis are not designed to remove Smoke and Micro particulate and Micro Aerosols Micro Particulate are known carcinogens PM 10 EPA PM 2.5