The document discusses air pollution sources and effects in the petroleum industry. It identifies major sources as exhaust from engines and generators, cementing unit fumes, crude oil evaporation, gas flaring, and fugitive emissions. Primary pollutants include particulate matter and gases like SOx and NOx. Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions. Harmful effects include health impacts and agricultural/environmental damage. The document recommends prevention measures like absorbers, vapor recovery, flaring height standards, and equipment design improvements to reduce air pollution impacts.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
Treatment of Effluents from Petroleum RefineriesAsheesh Padiyar
A brief power point presentation on the Effluent treatment from Petroleum Refineries for a Chemical Engineer.Chemical Engineers are also involved in the water treatment , and is of huge concern with the amount of water needed / contaminated during the refinery mass transfer operations.
Solid waste pollution and its impact on environmentjayanta thokdar
In various developmental stages human beings produce domestic wastes. Nature readily accept these wastes into natural cycle- animal consume food residue, some incorporated into the soil etc. After industrial revolution- in urban areas population density increases, new sources of wastes generated ( shops, institutions, factories). Yesterday's newspaper is waste to a reader in today.
It is a brief description about one of the serious problems of environment and that is Air pollution. It includes its definition, types, causes and prevention.
Industrial Pollution
advantages and disadvantages of Industrial Pollution
effects of Industrial Pollution
causes of Industrial Pollution
controls of Industrial Pollution
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Air pollution
Types of Air pollution
Facts about Air pollution
Causes of Air pollution
Effects of Air pollution
Steps taken by government to control Air pollution
Effects on human health and human life
Future predictions
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Treatment of Effluents from Petroleum RefineriesAsheesh Padiyar
A brief power point presentation on the Effluent treatment from Petroleum Refineries for a Chemical Engineer.Chemical Engineers are also involved in the water treatment , and is of huge concern with the amount of water needed / contaminated during the refinery mass transfer operations.
Solid waste pollution and its impact on environmentjayanta thokdar
In various developmental stages human beings produce domestic wastes. Nature readily accept these wastes into natural cycle- animal consume food residue, some incorporated into the soil etc. After industrial revolution- in urban areas population density increases, new sources of wastes generated ( shops, institutions, factories). Yesterday's newspaper is waste to a reader in today.
It is a brief description about one of the serious problems of environment and that is Air pollution. It includes its definition, types, causes and prevention.
Industrial Pollution
advantages and disadvantages of Industrial Pollution
effects of Industrial Pollution
causes of Industrial Pollution
controls of Industrial Pollution
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Air pollution
Types of Air pollution
Facts about Air pollution
Causes of Air pollution
Effects of Air pollution
Steps taken by government to control Air pollution
Effects on human health and human life
Future predictions
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances including particulates and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies or death in humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Human activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
Gamification and Global Health ChallengesDavid Wortley
Global Health Challenges such as Obesity, Diabetes, Pandemics and antibiotic-resistant viruses present a real and present danger, not just for the future of national health service provision, but also, arguably, for the future of mankind. This presentation, delivered at the Segamed 2015 conference in Nice in December 2015 focuses primarily on lifestyle related conditions such as obesity. The presentation makes the argument for a collaborative approach from all sectors of society and that the medical profession alone cannot be expected to provide solutions for problems which are essentially self-inflicted.
The presentation looks at the combination of gamification and enabling technologies and, using the analogy of a car, suggests that the human body is our vehicle for taking us through life's journey. Using technology to monitor the condition of our body and developing tools which give us the equivalent of a human sat-nav for our life journey can help to shift responsibility and power for health management towards the citizen and the communities in which we exist.
Emissions during drilling, production storage and LPG Plant OperationMazhar Ali Soomro
It is all about what emissions are? how emissions affect the environment and what are the factors that cause such emissions.
For any assistance: soomromazharali@yahoo.com
8. Introduction (Cont…..) It is also true that we cannot get absolutely pure air. All our developmental activities that are concentrated towards utilization of HC resources or improving the quality of life, lead to various environmental problems and air pollution is one of the most important area concern. However , it is possible for us to minimize the impact of such developmental activities on quality of air if, only, we are aware of the hazards and phenomena involved in air pollution apart statutory significance.
9. Introduction (Cont…..) Environment: “ The objects or the region surrounding anything”. “It is the sum total of influences which modify and determine the development of life and character.”
10. Introduction (Cont…..) Environmental Pollution: It may be defined as “ the introduction by man into the environment by substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources & ecological systems, damage to structures or interference with legitimate uses of the environment.
11. Introduction (Cont…..) Air Pollution: “ The presence of one or more contaminants such as dust fumes, gas, mist, odor, smoke or vapour in such quantities that are injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property.
12.
13. After emission it must be confined to a restricted volume of air.
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15. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN OIL FIELD (Cont……) : 4. Discharge of natural gas directly to the atmosphere during production testing. 5. Burning of the oil from effluent pit. 6. Flaring of natural gas to the atmosphere. 7. Burning of gas and effluent water from the flare pit in the air directly from various oil terminals. 8. Presence of smoke , Fog, Mist & wind in which S.P.M. remains suspended near the earth surface.
16. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN OIL FIELD (Cont……) : 9. Oxidation of various pollutants . 10. Depletion of the natural resources & decrease in forest areas disturbing the eco system. 11. The weather & orography of oil fields. 12. Discharge of associated low pressure natural gas to the atmosphere. Increase in surrounding temp. due to flare. Glare effect of flare which adversely effect the nearby vegetation.
17. Classification of Pollutants: Pollutants or contaminants generated due to various operational & developmental activities may be classified as: 1. Primary Pollutants : These are emitted on a consequence of a process. These exist in air in the same form as it was discharged. E.g. the exhaust of oxides of nitrogen from a car. 2. Secondary Pollutants: They are formed as products of some reactions, generally, the existing pollutants react with some other some substance in the atmosphere. e.g. smog formed when oxides of nitrogen combine with HCs in the presence of sunlight
18. Primary Pollutants : This can be categorized: PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ----- Fine particles suspended in air or gas and (B) GASEOUS POLLUTANTS ----- such as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon and halogen containing compounds.
19. PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS: This refers to fine particles that are more than 0.01 micron in size. These can be fine droplets of liquids as in fogs and mists or solid particles like soot or those suspended in smoke. Particulate Pollutant Category
21. Particulate Pollutant Category The sources of these Particulate pollutants include: Natural Sources: Winds, Drought, Storm, Forest Fires etc. Industrial /Anthropogenic sources: Industries, Incineration, Vehicle exhausts etc. Household Sources Agricultural Sources
22. (B) GASEOUS POLLUTANTS: Gaseous pollutants such as SOx, Nox, mercury or organic vapour are miscible with air in all proportions. They are generated during combustion and other industrial process.
23. SECODARY POLLUTANTS: As a result of chemical reactions between volatile organic compounds ( emitted from vehicles, industries) and oxides of nitrogen ( generated through transportation & industrial sources), a principal component of smog is formed. e.g. 1. Oxidation of NO to NO2 2. Oxidation of Hydrocarbon 3. Formation of Ozone
24.
25. Use of compressors, pumps & engines ( boilers, turbines etc.)
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27. On shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): Air quality impacts are estimated by comparing with baseline air quality which ensures that no adverse impacts to human health & the environment.
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29. On shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): Continuous venting of associated gas is not considered a good practice and should be avoided. The associated gas stream should be routed to an efficient flare system, although continuous flaring of gas should be avoided if feasible alternatives are available. Before flaring is adopted, feasible alternatives for the use of gas should be evaluated to the maximum extent possible and integrated into production design.
30. On shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): What are those alternative options? Alternative options may include: Gas utilization for on- site energy needs Export of the gas to a neighboring facility or to the market Gas injection for reservoir pressure maintenance. Enhanced recovery using gas lift. if none of these alternatives is feasible, continuous improvement in flaring technology should be implemented.
31. On shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): 3. Fugitive Emissions: Fugitive emissions at onshore facility may be associated with vents, leaking pipes & tubings, valves, connections, pump seals, compressor seals, pressure relief valves, tanks or open pits and HC loading & unloading operations.
32. On shore Air Pollution (Cont…….) To control fugitive emissions: good design and maintenance of facility is must. The selection of valves, fittings, seals etc should be maintained for the same. Leak detection facility should be there. Vapour control units should be installed for HC loading and unloading operations. Use of open vents in tank roofs should be avoided by installing pressure relief valves.
34. The main sources of air emissions resulting from offshore activities include: Combustion sources from power and heat generation Use of Compressors, pumps, boilers, turbines etc. Flaring & venting of HCs. Fugitive emissions.
35. The principal pollutants from these air emission sources : Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Oxides Carbon monoxide, CO2 & Particulate Additional Pollutants------ --- Hydrogen Sulfide --- Volatile Organic Compounds. --- methane & ethane --- Benzene --- Toluene, Xylenes etc.
36. Off shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): Exhaust Gases: Exhaust gas emissions produced by Combustion of gas or liquid fuels in turbines, boilers, compressors, pumps & other engines for power and heat generation can be the most significant sources of exhaust gas emissions from offshore facilities.
37. Off shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): 2. Venting & Flaring: Associated gas brought to the surface with crude oil during oil production is sometimes disposed off at onshore facilities by venting or flaring to the atmosphere. This practice is now widely recognized to be a waste of a valuable resource, as well as a significant source of GHG emissions. All efforts should be made to keep flaring to the minimum and only for technical reasons and safety. Flares are also a problem in terms of aesthetics.
38. Off shore Air Pollution (Cont…….): 3. Fugitive Emissions: Fugitive emissions at offshore facility may be associated with vents, leaking pipes & turbines, valves, connections, pump seals, compressor seals, pressure relief valves, tanks or open pits and HC loading & unloading operations.
39. Air Quality Standards: They are the standards that specify allowable emission. It can either be related to : Quality of the air in the surrounding atmosphere (ambient air quality) – Useful for the protection of the health of living populations, animals and of property. Gaseous emissions from a particular unit ( emission standard) --- used for planning pollution control strategy.
40. Ambient Air Quality Standards: In India, for AAQS, various areas have been classified into 3 categories: Category A: covers Industrial and mixed – use areas. Category B: Covers residential and Rural areas. Category C: Covers sensitive areas such as sanctuaries, national parks, hill stations etc.
43. Harmful Effects of Air Pollution: Polluted air can cause: sickness or death that lead to human & economic losses. Reduce visibility Cause unpleasant odors ( like from sulfur compounds). 4. Can damage agricultural crops, plants, livestock ( Fluorine and arsenic settle on or react with animal fodder). Consuming such fodder result into loss of strength, weight and death.
44. Harmful Effects of Air Pollution: e.g. Although SO2 has a disagreeable odour above about 0.5 ppm, its immediate effects on most people are negligible below a few ppm. However, a one hour exposure to 5ppm causes choking, and one hour at 10ppm produces great distress. A few sensitive individuals have experienced severe bronchospasm at even 1 to 2 ppm. Sulphur dioxide when released in the atmosphere can also convert to SO3, which leads to production of sulphuric acid. When SO3 is inhaled it is likely to be absorbed in moist passages of respiratory tract and it may reach to deeper into lungs.
45. Harmful Effects of Air Pollution: The toxicity of Nitrogen dioxide is considerably less than that of Sulphurdi oxide. Most people first notice eye and nasal irritation at about 13 ppm. Almost all NOx emissions are in the form of NO, which has no, known adverse health effects in the concentrations found in the atmosphere, which in turn may give rise to secondary pollutants, which are injurious. NO2 may also lead to formation of HNO3, which is washed out of the atmosphere as acid rain.
46. Harmful Effects of Air Pollution: Most of the CO emissions are from transportation sector. Peek concentrations occur at street level in busy urban centers particularly when there is no atmospheric mixing as it happens during winter season. Carbon monoxide is not an odorous or irritating gas, but, combines with the hemoglobin of the blood and reduces its oxygen carrying capacity. Most people experience dizziness, headache, lassitude etc. after 1 or 2 hrs. exposure to 100 ppm of CO.
47. Harmful Effects of Air Pollution: Lead released from motor vehicle exhaust may affect human populations by direct inhalations , in which case people living nearest to highways are at greatest risk. Lead can be ingested also after it is deposited on the foodstuffs. it may cause behavioral changes, learning disabilities and permanent brain damage.
48. Precautionary Measures to check Air Pollution Problems 1. By Using Absorbers 2. Application of Vapour Recovery System 3. Standardization of the height of the flare stacks. 4. By introduction of diluters 5. Air regulation control during the combustion of natural gas 6. Pre burning treatment to the various effluents before discharging to atmosphere. 7. Replacement of the damages of greenery near installations, work centers etc. 8. Control of flare light by virtue of which majority of birds & insects have been migrated. 9. Good design of equipments.
49. THERMAL POWER PLANTS: Thermal power plants are major sources of SPM, SO2 and Nox depending upon the type of Fuel used. Emission of one or more of these pollutants may be of environmental significance.
50. A large amount of SPM as fly ash is emitted from coal fired power plants, particularly if the ash removal unit such as an electrostatic or precipitation (ESP ) is not used.
51. AUTOMOBILES: In urban areas automobiles form a significant source of a number of air pollutants namely particulates, hydrocarbon and lead. Non- uniform oxygen supply within the combustion chamber and lower flame temperature leads to incomplete combustion releasing CO, HC and unburnt particles in the exhaust.