The document discusses the diversity of land-use change trajectories and implications for REDD+. It finds that similar underlying drivers can lead to very different local land-use outcomes. Land-use patterns have diverged across Southeast Asia in recent decades, with some areas experiencing rapid deforestation while others saw forest degradation or the development of cash crops. Land-use regimes are also non-linear and can experience rapid shifts, making future projections challenging for developing forest reference levels under REDD+. Anticipating these regime shifts and windows of opportunity will be important for REDD+ to guide desirable land use changes.