- The document discusses the relationship between agriculture and forests, arguing that the dichotomy is artificial as trees are commonly part of farmed landscapes.
- It notes that tree cover at the landscape scale affects climate in multiple ways and that sustainability is a social construct operating across temporal scales.
- The primary challenge is simultaneously closing yield and efficiency gaps to address the tradeoff between "green" and "growth".
Forests, trees and agroforestry: What role in food security and nutrition?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Terry Sunderland focuses on how food security and nutrition contribute to enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic
resources across the landscape from forests
to farms.
Agroforestry systems can help improve environmental quality by increasing carbon sequestration, enhancing biodiversity, and improving water quality. Studies have found that agroforestry systems store more carbon in both aboveground vegetation and belowground soils than non-agroforestry systems. The deeper and more extensive tree roots in agroforestry systems take up more nutrients, reducing levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment runoff into waterways. As a result, agroforestry improves water quality. Agroforestry systems also support higher levels of biodiversity by providing habitat for plants and animals and creating wildlife corridors.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Key note presentation of Steve Gliessman, from University of California Santa Cruz, on agroecology as the foundations for food system sustianability. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Enhancing food security through agroforestry practices: Key lessons from the ...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
1. The document discusses a project in Ethiopia that examined the role of trees in addressing food security challenges through agroforestry practices. It presents findings on how trees can improve crop productivity, food consumption, and diversity of farm produce.
2. Preliminary observations found that certain tree species like Faidherbia albida can help keep crops like wheat cool and increase yields. Studies also showed these trees may increase water available to crops through hydraulic redistribution.
3. For results to be scaled up, the document emphasizes the need for context-specific, interdisciplinary and participatory approaches that consider socioeconomic factors, management practices, and longer-term funding. Partnerships and learning across spatial and temporal scales are
Agroforestry for livelihood support in rural areaSaumya Mohapatra
The document discusses various agroforestry practices and their benefits. It provides information on different agroforestry systems commonly practiced in Asia and Africa like improved fallow, alley cropping, silvopasture, homegardens, windbreaks, and agrisilviculture. It also summarizes case studies on agroforestry projects implemented in India that have increased farmers' incomes and tree cover. Additionally, it outlines the income sources and contributions of trees from agroforestry systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
Agroforestry based forage production systems for hillsSunil Kumar
The document discusses agroforestry based forage production systems for hills. It provides background on the issues of low fodder availability and quality in hilly areas. It then discusses various agroforestry systems suitable for different agro-climatic zones in hills like silvipasture, alley cropping and hortipasture systems. These systems help improve fodder production and quality as well as income opportunities by integrating trees with crops and livestock. Research findings show that agroforestry systems provide higher total biomass and productivity per unit area compared to sole cropping or grazing systems.
1. Afforestation involves planting trees on land that was not recently forested to restore ecological balance, maintain biodiversity, prevent soil erosion and stabilize climate.
2. India's forest cover is only 19.45% of land despite afforestation programs, showing the need for improved management. An optimal afforestation mix and innovative marketing can make programs more productive and achieve environmental and economic goals.
3. Social forestry benefits rural development by providing fuel, fodder and timber while protecting farmland and creating jobs through community and farm forestry. Promoting awareness among masses is critical to its success.
Forests, trees and agroforestry: What role in food security and nutrition?CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Terry Sunderland focuses on how food security and nutrition contribute to enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic
resources across the landscape from forests
to farms.
Agroforestry systems can help improve environmental quality by increasing carbon sequestration, enhancing biodiversity, and improving water quality. Studies have found that agroforestry systems store more carbon in both aboveground vegetation and belowground soils than non-agroforestry systems. The deeper and more extensive tree roots in agroforestry systems take up more nutrients, reducing levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment runoff into waterways. As a result, agroforestry improves water quality. Agroforestry systems also support higher levels of biodiversity by providing habitat for plants and animals and creating wildlife corridors.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Key note presentation of Steve Gliessman, from University of California Santa Cruz, on agroecology as the foundations for food system sustianability. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Enhancing food security through agroforestry practices: Key lessons from the ...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
1. The document discusses a project in Ethiopia that examined the role of trees in addressing food security challenges through agroforestry practices. It presents findings on how trees can improve crop productivity, food consumption, and diversity of farm produce.
2. Preliminary observations found that certain tree species like Faidherbia albida can help keep crops like wheat cool and increase yields. Studies also showed these trees may increase water available to crops through hydraulic redistribution.
3. For results to be scaled up, the document emphasizes the need for context-specific, interdisciplinary and participatory approaches that consider socioeconomic factors, management practices, and longer-term funding. Partnerships and learning across spatial and temporal scales are
Agroforestry for livelihood support in rural areaSaumya Mohapatra
The document discusses various agroforestry practices and their benefits. It provides information on different agroforestry systems commonly practiced in Asia and Africa like improved fallow, alley cropping, silvopasture, homegardens, windbreaks, and agrisilviculture. It also summarizes case studies on agroforestry projects implemented in India that have increased farmers' incomes and tree cover. Additionally, it outlines the income sources and contributions of trees from agroforestry systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
Agroforestry based forage production systems for hillsSunil Kumar
The document discusses agroforestry based forage production systems for hills. It provides background on the issues of low fodder availability and quality in hilly areas. It then discusses various agroforestry systems suitable for different agro-climatic zones in hills like silvipasture, alley cropping and hortipasture systems. These systems help improve fodder production and quality as well as income opportunities by integrating trees with crops and livestock. Research findings show that agroforestry systems provide higher total biomass and productivity per unit area compared to sole cropping or grazing systems.
1. Afforestation involves planting trees on land that was not recently forested to restore ecological balance, maintain biodiversity, prevent soil erosion and stabilize climate.
2. India's forest cover is only 19.45% of land despite afforestation programs, showing the need for improved management. An optimal afforestation mix and innovative marketing can make programs more productive and achieve environmental and economic goals.
3. Social forestry benefits rural development by providing fuel, fodder and timber while protecting farmland and creating jobs through community and farm forestry. Promoting awareness among masses is critical to its success.
Small and fragmented land holdings have increased due to population pressure and the breakdown of the joint family system. This has negatively impacted fodder production and availability. Most livestock keepers are small or marginal farmers with poor economic status. The demand for food grains has increased pressure on land for fodder production. Fodder availability has decreased drastically due to loss of forests, community lands, and wastelands. Crop residues that are the main source of stall feeding are insufficient. Green fodder production is also low due to degradation of grazing lands from uncontrolled grazing. Many technologies for fodder production and processing are not feasible for small farmers due to high costs.
The document provides an overview of agroforestry, which combines agriculture and forestry practices to create more integrated and sustainable land use systems. Some key agroforestry practices discussed include alley cropping, silvopasture, windbreaks, riparian buffer strips, and forest farming. Agroforestry aims to meet economic, environmental, and social needs through practices that provide incentives for landowner adoption and help attain community goals for healthier, more diverse landscapes.
SOCIO ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF AGROFORESTRY IN ODISHA with case studiessobhagya tripathy
This document presents a socio-economic evaluation of agroforestry systems implemented in the state of Odisha, India. It finds that agroforestry provides important economic and social benefits to rural communities in Odisha. Economically, agroforestry increases incomes by diversifying and sustaining agricultural production. Socially, it improves nutrition, health, living standards and community stability by increasing food availability and quality. A case study compares the financial and socio-economic analyses of an agroforestry model combining eucalyptus trees and crops. The socio-economic analysis considers employment and distributional impacts, finding larger net benefits than financial analysis alone. The document concludes agroforestry programs are best evaluated through
This document discusses agroforestry, which involves growing woody perennials with crops and/or livestock. It defines agroforestry and outlines its objectives to utilize resources, maximize production, and maintain ecological balance. The key types of agroforestry systems discussed are silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks. The advantages include increased productivity and profitability, soil fertility and erosion prevention, while disadvantages include difficult management and lower initial crop yields. The document suggests agroforestry can help balance groundwater and integrate with horticulture and livestock feeding.
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
This document provides an overview of agroforestry based on observations from a tour of western India. It discusses the definition and principles of agroforestry, noting that it integrates trees and shrubs with agriculture to enhance productivity and sustainability. Examples of agroforestry models are provided. The document also summarizes the environmental, economic and social benefits of agroforestry, including increased food production, higher incomes, better nutrition, and improved ecosystem services. Specific observations from visiting an agroforestry plot in Anand, Gujarat are also presented.
Forests, trees and agroforestry: What role in food security and nutrition? CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Terrry Sunderland was given at a session titled "New findings on the dynamics between forests, land use and food security" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 7, 2014.
The session discussed direct and indirect roles of forests and trees in food systems, the importance of food production systems across the forest-agriculture continuum for food security, dietary diversity and nutrition, and the ensuing implications for land use. The social, economic and environmental synergies and trade-offs between forests and food security and related management interventions, as well as relevant response options will also be discussed. The debate also touched upon questions of sustainable land use under a post-Kyoto climate agreement.
The document discusses the promotion of teak under agroforestry systems in Madhya Pradesh, India to enhance rural livelihoods. It provides details on the various agroforestry systems prevalent in the state, including parklands, shade systems, strip alley cropping, boundary planting, contour planting, and homestead plantations. Teak is highlighted as a popular choice for agroforestry due to its economic benefits, growth rate, compatibility with crops, and increasing market value. Research interventions and extension strategies are recommended to further promote agroforestry and realize its potential in Madhya Pradesh.
This document discusses forest conservation and deforestation management strategies in the Amazon and Singapore. It outlines four key approaches:
1) Protection of forested areas through laws and penalties to conserve large areas like the Central Amazon Conservation Complex.
2) Reforestation efforts led by non-profits, companies, and communities which involves planting trees and takes over 15 years to restore forests.
3) Controlled logging with caps on harvesting, fines for violations, and selective programs to reduce unnecessary deforestation.
4) Public education campaigns to raise awareness of rainforests' importance and promote conservation through school curriculum and outreach.
Agrarian change in tropical forests: A change for the better?CIFOR-ICRAF
Agricultural expansion has resulted in losses to habitats, forests, ecosystems and biological diversity. Socio-ecological research methods were used to assess the livelihood impacts of agrarian change across the forest transition in six tropical landscapes in Zambia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Bangladesh. Early findings suggest the transition from a forested landscape to a more agrarian-dominated system does not immediately result in better livelihood outcomes, and there may be unintended consequences.
This presentation was given by Terry Sunderland at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conversation.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on a study about the contribution of agroforestry to livelihoods in selected barangays in Bula, Camarines Sur, Philippines. The introduction discusses how agroforestry can improve socioeconomic conditions and increase income levels by providing diversified crops and livestock. It then outlines the objectives and importance of the study, as well as its scope and limitations. The literature review discusses how agroforestry has been shown to improve rural livelihoods and socioeconomic status, provide various products and income opportunities, and deliver environmental benefits such as soil improvement and climate regulation.
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
The summary provides an overview of ICRAF's agroforestry program in South Asia.
ICRAF's South Asia program focuses on addressing challenges of poverty, hunger, land degradation, and climate change through agroforestry. It develops protocols for integrating trees into farming systems and linking agroforestry products to markets. The program operates through partnerships with national agricultural research systems and ecology/commodity-based projects. It prioritizes improved germplasm, agroforestry intensification and diversification, impact assessment, land rehabilitation, climate change adaptation and mitigation, bioenergy, and developing supportive policies and incentives. Recent opportunities include new projects on climate resilience, carbon sequestration, bio
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
Poyry - How must plantation forestry change to survive? - Point of ViewPöyry
There is growing global evidence that in order to survive, plantation forestry 1 must change. Moving beyond supplying pulp and paper producers and wood products manufacturers, global forestry players must now meet
increasing demands from new bioenergy producers, compete for land and water with food growers, deal with changing societal beliefs about sustainability, and comply with complex environmental regulations.
This document provides information on various types of agroforestry systems including agrisilviculture, shifting cultivation, taungya system, and intercropping. It defines agroforestry as a land management system involving trees and agricultural crops grown together. The key types of agroforestry systems discussed are agrisilviculture, silvipastoral, agrisilvipastoral, and hortisilviculture. Shifting cultivation and taungya systems integrate trees with annual crops but require farmers to periodically clear new plots of land. Intercropping involves growing tree and crop components simultaneously in arrangements like border planting, alternate rows, or strips.
The document discusses investing in nature for a green economy in the Heart of Borneo (HoB) landscape. [1] It notes that over 50% of the HoB landscape is used or could be used by the private sector for palm oil, logging, mining and timber plantations. [2] Workshops have explored developing a green economy in Borneo that recognizes the value of HoB's biodiversity and ecosystems. [3] A possible green economy framework is outlined that incorporates elements like certified sustainable forestry and palm oil, renewable energy, and payments for ecosystem services.
1) The document discusses mainstreaming environmental services into Indonesia's development policies. It notes that environmental services is a new topic not well understood and there are gaps between current policies and ongoing initiatives.
2) Several entry points are identified for policy intervention, including land tenure, eco-labeling, eco-tourism, and integrated natural resource management. Relevant laws regarding the environment are also mentioned.
3) Examples of payment for environmental services initiatives in Indonesia are described, including watershed services, biodiversity protection, and carbon sequestration programs involving local communities. Mechanisms for rewarding service providers are discussed.
Small and fragmented land holdings have increased due to population pressure and the breakdown of the joint family system. This has negatively impacted fodder production and availability. Most livestock keepers are small or marginal farmers with poor economic status. The demand for food grains has increased pressure on land for fodder production. Fodder availability has decreased drastically due to loss of forests, community lands, and wastelands. Crop residues that are the main source of stall feeding are insufficient. Green fodder production is also low due to degradation of grazing lands from uncontrolled grazing. Many technologies for fodder production and processing are not feasible for small farmers due to high costs.
The document provides an overview of agroforestry, which combines agriculture and forestry practices to create more integrated and sustainable land use systems. Some key agroforestry practices discussed include alley cropping, silvopasture, windbreaks, riparian buffer strips, and forest farming. Agroforestry aims to meet economic, environmental, and social needs through practices that provide incentives for landowner adoption and help attain community goals for healthier, more diverse landscapes.
SOCIO ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF AGROFORESTRY IN ODISHA with case studiessobhagya tripathy
This document presents a socio-economic evaluation of agroforestry systems implemented in the state of Odisha, India. It finds that agroforestry provides important economic and social benefits to rural communities in Odisha. Economically, agroforestry increases incomes by diversifying and sustaining agricultural production. Socially, it improves nutrition, health, living standards and community stability by increasing food availability and quality. A case study compares the financial and socio-economic analyses of an agroforestry model combining eucalyptus trees and crops. The socio-economic analysis considers employment and distributional impacts, finding larger net benefits than financial analysis alone. The document concludes agroforestry programs are best evaluated through
This document discusses agroforestry, which involves growing woody perennials with crops and/or livestock. It defines agroforestry and outlines its objectives to utilize resources, maximize production, and maintain ecological balance. The key types of agroforestry systems discussed are silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks. The advantages include increased productivity and profitability, soil fertility and erosion prevention, while disadvantages include difficult management and lower initial crop yields. The document suggests agroforestry can help balance groundwater and integrate with horticulture and livestock feeding.
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
This document provides an overview of agroforestry based on observations from a tour of western India. It discusses the definition and principles of agroforestry, noting that it integrates trees and shrubs with agriculture to enhance productivity and sustainability. Examples of agroforestry models are provided. The document also summarizes the environmental, economic and social benefits of agroforestry, including increased food production, higher incomes, better nutrition, and improved ecosystem services. Specific observations from visiting an agroforestry plot in Anand, Gujarat are also presented.
Forests, trees and agroforestry: What role in food security and nutrition? CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Terrry Sunderland was given at a session titled "New findings on the dynamics between forests, land use and food security" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 7, 2014.
The session discussed direct and indirect roles of forests and trees in food systems, the importance of food production systems across the forest-agriculture continuum for food security, dietary diversity and nutrition, and the ensuing implications for land use. The social, economic and environmental synergies and trade-offs between forests and food security and related management interventions, as well as relevant response options will also be discussed. The debate also touched upon questions of sustainable land use under a post-Kyoto climate agreement.
The document discusses the promotion of teak under agroforestry systems in Madhya Pradesh, India to enhance rural livelihoods. It provides details on the various agroforestry systems prevalent in the state, including parklands, shade systems, strip alley cropping, boundary planting, contour planting, and homestead plantations. Teak is highlighted as a popular choice for agroforestry due to its economic benefits, growth rate, compatibility with crops, and increasing market value. Research interventions and extension strategies are recommended to further promote agroforestry and realize its potential in Madhya Pradesh.
This document discusses forest conservation and deforestation management strategies in the Amazon and Singapore. It outlines four key approaches:
1) Protection of forested areas through laws and penalties to conserve large areas like the Central Amazon Conservation Complex.
2) Reforestation efforts led by non-profits, companies, and communities which involves planting trees and takes over 15 years to restore forests.
3) Controlled logging with caps on harvesting, fines for violations, and selective programs to reduce unnecessary deforestation.
4) Public education campaigns to raise awareness of rainforests' importance and promote conservation through school curriculum and outreach.
Agrarian change in tropical forests: A change for the better?CIFOR-ICRAF
Agricultural expansion has resulted in losses to habitats, forests, ecosystems and biological diversity. Socio-ecological research methods were used to assess the livelihood impacts of agrarian change across the forest transition in six tropical landscapes in Zambia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Bangladesh. Early findings suggest the transition from a forested landscape to a more agrarian-dominated system does not immediately result in better livelihood outcomes, and there may be unintended consequences.
This presentation was given by Terry Sunderland at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conversation.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on a study about the contribution of agroforestry to livelihoods in selected barangays in Bula, Camarines Sur, Philippines. The introduction discusses how agroforestry can improve socioeconomic conditions and increase income levels by providing diversified crops and livestock. It then outlines the objectives and importance of the study, as well as its scope and limitations. The literature review discusses how agroforestry has been shown to improve rural livelihoods and socioeconomic status, provide various products and income opportunities, and deliver environmental benefits such as soil improvement and climate regulation.
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.
The summary provides an overview of ICRAF's agroforestry program in South Asia.
ICRAF's South Asia program focuses on addressing challenges of poverty, hunger, land degradation, and climate change through agroforestry. It develops protocols for integrating trees into farming systems and linking agroforestry products to markets. The program operates through partnerships with national agricultural research systems and ecology/commodity-based projects. It prioritizes improved germplasm, agroforestry intensification and diversification, impact assessment, land rehabilitation, climate change adaptation and mitigation, bioenergy, and developing supportive policies and incentives. Recent opportunities include new projects on climate resilience, carbon sequestration, bio
This document defines agroforestry as a sustainable land use system that combines trees, crops, and livestock. It discusses several types of agroforestry including silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, riparian forest buffers, and windbreaks/shelterbelts. Silvopasture combines trees, forage, and livestock. Alley cropping grows crops between rows of trees. Forest farming cultivates high-value crops under forest canopy. Riparian buffers protect waterways. Windbreaks shelter crops, livestock, and roads from wind.
Forests are cut, temperatures rise and biodiversity is lost. The poor become poorer and indigenous cultures disappear. With the rise in temperatures, fires increase, droughts lengthen, floods spread, and pests and diseases affecting livestock and plants adapt and multiply. What many are calling a 'perfect storm' gathers strength and the impact rolls across the developing world from the forests to the farms to the atmosphere. This scenario stems in large measure from the poor management of our forests, trees and wild genetic resources.
The CGIAR research program outlined in this presentation brings together four of the world's leading research centres in their respective subjects - the World Agroforestry Centre, CIFOR, CIAT and Bioversity - and channels them toward a clear objective: enhancing the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms.
Poyry - How must plantation forestry change to survive? - Point of ViewPöyry
There is growing global evidence that in order to survive, plantation forestry 1 must change. Moving beyond supplying pulp and paper producers and wood products manufacturers, global forestry players must now meet
increasing demands from new bioenergy producers, compete for land and water with food growers, deal with changing societal beliefs about sustainability, and comply with complex environmental regulations.
This document provides information on various types of agroforestry systems including agrisilviculture, shifting cultivation, taungya system, and intercropping. It defines agroforestry as a land management system involving trees and agricultural crops grown together. The key types of agroforestry systems discussed are agrisilviculture, silvipastoral, agrisilvipastoral, and hortisilviculture. Shifting cultivation and taungya systems integrate trees with annual crops but require farmers to periodically clear new plots of land. Intercropping involves growing tree and crop components simultaneously in arrangements like border planting, alternate rows, or strips.
The document discusses investing in nature for a green economy in the Heart of Borneo (HoB) landscape. [1] It notes that over 50% of the HoB landscape is used or could be used by the private sector for palm oil, logging, mining and timber plantations. [2] Workshops have explored developing a green economy in Borneo that recognizes the value of HoB's biodiversity and ecosystems. [3] A possible green economy framework is outlined that incorporates elements like certified sustainable forestry and palm oil, renewable energy, and payments for ecosystem services.
1) The document discusses mainstreaming environmental services into Indonesia's development policies. It notes that environmental services is a new topic not well understood and there are gaps between current policies and ongoing initiatives.
2) Several entry points are identified for policy intervention, including land tenure, eco-labeling, eco-tourism, and integrated natural resource management. Relevant laws regarding the environment are also mentioned.
3) Examples of payment for environmental services initiatives in Indonesia are described, including watershed services, biodiversity protection, and carbon sequestration programs involving local communities. Mechanisms for rewarding service providers are discussed.
This document discusses the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study and initiatives to promote its application. It notes that TEEB has drawn international attention for presenting a rationale for valuing natural capital. Several international forums have been held by conservation organizations to promote TEEB. The document outlines initiatives in ASEAN countries to introduce TEEB and integrate ecosystem values into planning. It also discusses challenges faced in applying TEEB, including awareness issues, methodological challenges, and the need for connections to other efforts like climate change and biodiversity policies. Next steps proposed include scoping studies in ASEAN, leveraging resources to support valuation work, and presenting results at COP11 to further TEEB initiatives
Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Conference (ESTC) (http://www.ecotourismconference.org) Presentation by Albert Teo, Managing Director, Borneo Eco Tours - "The Borneo Eco Tours/Sukau Rainforest Lodge Experience" presented September 2011. Session: 2.3 Financing Sustainability Initiatives: Strategies for Tourism Businesses. Organized by The International Ecotourism Society (http://www.ecotourism.org), the ESTC is a unique tourism industry annual conference providing practical solutions to advance sustainability goals for the tourism industry.
Modernist, avant-garde Italian architectural design influenced the creation of Green Paradise luxury resort. Designed exclusively by an Italian architect, this 67 luxury resort is built amidst fourteen acres of lush green vegetation in Dambulla and contains 40 Superior Duplexes, 10 Garden Suites, and 17 Deluxe Rooms, each version having its own distinctive flavour, offering the perfect blend of serenity, elegance and magnificence in every detail.
Greece has a long history of winemaking dating back thousands of years. Greek wines today showcase indigenous grape varieties like xinomavro, agiorgitiko and assyrtiko that are well-suited to the Mediterranean climate. Modern Greek wineries continue ancient winemaking traditions while also innovating with new techniques.
The Social and Economic Value of Trees and Forests ACDI/VOCA
The document discusses the social and economic value of trees and forests for agricultural systems and food security. It defines key terms like resilience and describes different agricultural systems used in the Caribbean. It emphasizes that forests and trees are important for landscape resilience, providing ecosystem services, genetic resources, and food. The Forestry Department's private planting program supports small farmers by providing tree seedlings and technical advice, helping to incorporate trees into agricultural systems.
State and transition models (STMs) are tools that integrate ecosystem dynamics into management by defining alternative ecosystem states and the transitions between them. Climate relates to STMs by influencing ecological sites and the potential vegetation communities. As climate changes, STMs may need to consider shifting reference states and allow for novel communities. Applying STMs across mixed land uses adds complexity but can help assess conservation value under different land use states.
This document discusses eco-agriculture, which aims to balance agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, and rural livelihoods. It notes that eco-agriculture applies an integrated ecosystem approach and was coined in 1970. Key aspects of eco-agriculture include conserving biodiversity, enhancing production, and improving livelihoods at the landscape scale through practices like maintaining natural habitats and vegetation buffers around water. Challenges include institutional barriers and the need to bridge conservation and agriculture. Principles to overcome challenges include maintaining habitats and connectivity while intensifying production without oversimplifying landscapes.
Sustainable Forestry for Food Security and Nutrition: FTA for better food sys...CIFOR-ICRAF
Forests play a crucial role in food security and nutrition in three key ways:
1) Forests directly provide food and generate income that supports food access for over 1 billion people worldwide. Forest foods contribute significantly to dietary diversity and quality.
2) Forests sustain agriculture through ecosystem services like water regulation, soil health, and pollination that support food production.
3) Maintaining forest and landscape diversity increases the resilience of food systems and dependent communities to climate change and other shocks by acting as a safety net during crises.
Lindsay Carman STRINGER "Combating land degradation and desertification and ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Land degradation and desertification contribute to food insecurity by reducing the productivity of croplands and pasture. Addressing land degradation through sustainable land management practices such as crop rotation and soil fertility management can improve food security by increasing food production. However, fully solving food insecurity requires addressing both supply-side issues like land degradation as well as demand-side issues like reducing post-harvest food waste and unequal food consumption. Integrated solutions that blend supply-side and demand-side approaches across multiple stakeholders are needed.
Agrarian change in tropical forests: A change for the better?CIFOR-ICRAF
A presentation by Terry Sunderland and team on 3 December 2016 at the second annual meeting of the FLARE (Forests and Livelihoods: Assessment, Research, and Engagement) network, Edinburgh.
This presentation describes a study to identify plants and plant parts that show potential as sustainable harvested ‘super-foods’. This included both wild foods traditionally used in Southern Africa (with a focus on the communal areas of the Wild Coast, Eastern Cape South Africa), as well as potential foods not traditionally used , but with high nutritional values. The methods used included development of a data base of wild food utilized in Southern Africa, with a focus on the communal areas of the Eastern Cape (literature review and personal observations); collation of available nutritional data (macro and micro nutrients) into a database for wild food plants for southern Africa. To assist in ranking nutritional values, two nutritional indices were used: the % Complete Food Index and the Nutritional Density Index).
This report develops a definition of a ‘superfoods’ based on number of criteria. Species that have been successfully commercialized, marketed as nutritional supplements, and that provide direct benefits to communities, such as Maroela and Baobab, serve as role models for the development of wild foods enterprises in the communal areas of the Wild Coast
The results of this study show that there are a significant number of wild food plants have exceptionally high nutritional profiles and could qualify as a ‘super-food’. Food plants were grouped according to the plant part used, these included: wild leafy vegetables, fruits, and seeds and nuts.The wild leafy vegetables, commonly known as ‘wild spinach’,are cosmopolitan weeds that have been part of the traditional diets of many Africans. Of these, a number of Amaranth species have been identified that fit the nutritional profile of a ‘super-food’. Commonly used wild foods are often tree fruits, this study identifiedthe following wild fruits as having high potential for commercial harvesting, these include:Wild plum (Harpephyllum caffrum), two Red- milkwoods, (Mimisops Cafra and M. obvata), Num-num (Carissa Macrocarpa), Dune myrtle (Eugenia Capensis) and two Kei Apples (Dovyalis caffra, and D. rhamnoides. The third category of wild foods considered are seeds and nuts: trees identified for this group included the pods of Boer-bean trees (Schotia afra, and S. brachypetala),andthe valuable oils of the Natal and forest mahogany (Trichilia emetica, and T. dregiana) as well as the high oleic oil contained in the Coastal Red-milkwood (Mimusops caffra).
Agroforestry can play an important role in biodiversity conservation by reducing pressure on natural forests, providing habitat for plant and animal species, and serving as a beneficial land use between fragmented landscapes. There are several principles of agroforestry that support biodiversity conservation, such as maintaining genetic diversity, protecting ecological processes, and improving landscape management for livelihoods and biodiversity. For agroforestry to be further mainstreamed in biodiversity conservation, its principles need to be integrated into landscape conservation planning and linked to global environmental policies and incentives that support small farmers' conservation-friendly practices.
Agroforestry can play an important role in biodiversity conservation by reducing pressure on natural forests, providing habitat for plant and animal species, and serving as a beneficial land use between fragmented landscapes. There are several principles of agroforestry that support biodiversity conservation, such as maintaining genetic diversity, protecting ecological processes, and improving landscape management for livelihoods and biodiversity. For agroforestry to be more fully integrated into biodiversity conservation, its practices and benefits need to be strategically linked to landscape-scale conservation planning and the science of conservation biology.
Importance of social forestry for food security in BangladeshUmme Salma Tuli
This document is a presentation on social forestry in Bangladesh presented by 11 group members. It discusses how social forestry plays an important role in food security, disaster response, and meeting household needs. Social forestry contributes to food security through maintaining soil fertility, erosion control, direct food production, and providing rural employment and income. It also helps meet needs during disasters and emergencies by providing alternative food and income sources. Social forestry is important for fulfilling various household, cultural, and social needs in rural communities in Bangladesh.
This document summarizes a study exploring the interplay between forest conservation, food security, and commodity production in tropical forest landscapes. The study uses a nested, three-level design to examine three land use zones - forest, rubber agroforestry, and oil palm plantation - in Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia. Field methods include household surveys, biodiversity surveys, and assessments of ecosystem services, agriculture, livelihoods, and nutrition. The goal is to provide empirical evidence to inform debates around land sparing versus land sharing, and advance understanding of agricultural landscapes as socio-ecological systems. Preliminary results suggest that increasing agricultural production alone may not ensure food security or livelihoods.
NATURAL RESOURCES ON LAND SOURCES...pptxSumant Saini
This document discusses natural resources found on land, including soil, forests, freshwater, agricultural land, minerals, and energy resources. It emphasizes that sustainable management of these resources is crucial for ensuring food security, combatting climate change, and protecting the environment. Some of the challenges mentioned are deforestation, soil degradation, and water pollution. The document advocates adopting sustainable land management practices, recognizing indigenous knowledge, promoting new technologies, and educating communities on the importance of conserving land-based natural resources.
Land is a natural resource that provides many benefits to humans and ecosystems. It serves as the foundation for human settlements, agriculture, and natural habitats. Proper management and conservation of land resources is important to ensure their continued sustainability and productivity.
Climate change and sustainable intensification ILRI
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu (EIAR) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Review of Evidence on Drylands Pastoral Systems and Climate Change - resumoBeefPoint
Dryland pastoral systems occupy 41% of the earth's land area and support the livelihoods of over 2 billion people. However, desertification is reducing the capacity of these systems to support livelihoods. Well-managed grasslands and rangelands can store large amounts of carbon, mitigate climate change impacts, and support pastoral livelihoods. A globally coordinated effort is needed to overcome socioeconomic barriers and support sustainable grassland management through incentives, pro-poor policies, integrated multi-stakeholder processes, and targeted research.
Recommendations from science to the development agenda: the High Level Panel ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Terry Sunderland, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the IUFRO 2017 conference in Freiburg, Germany, on September 22, 2017.
Human destruction of biodiversity kate foleyMark McGinley
The document discusses the importance of biodiversity and the major threat posed by human activities. It defines biodiversity as the variety of species within ecosystems and genetics. Biodiversity is important for ecological stability, medicine, agriculture, and more. However, human impacts like habitat loss from deforestation and fragmentation are major drivers of species extinction. Deforestation specifically removes forests, reduces biodiversity, and damages the environment. Urgent action is needed to protect biodiversity hotspots and promote conservation.
Nutrition: Biochemical correlates of anemia in Cambodian women of reproducti...IFSD14
1) The study examined biochemical correlates of anemia in Cambodian women of reproductive age, finding over 40% had a genetic hemoglobin disorder like heterozygous E trait or homozygous E.
2) Nearly 30% of women had anemia, most cases being microcytic, but few had biochemical evidence of iron, vitamin B12, folate, or vitamin A deficiencies. Iron deficiency was less than 1% based on ferritin and transferrin receptor.
3) Having a genetic hemoglobin disorder was associated with higher rates of anemia and tissue iron deficiency compared to those without a disorder, though iron deficiency anemia was still less than 1%.
Policy: Land Ownership as a Social Determinant of Health and Well-being in R...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between land ownership and health/well-being in rural India. The study explored how land ownership impacts income/food security and access to social policies. It found that lack of land ownership was linked to greater marginalization. Landless households had less access to agriculture subsidies, loans, and some welfare schemes. Overall, land ownership enabled better food security and access to employment/development programs, while landlessness contributed to poorer living standards and social exclusion in rural communities.
- Investing in multiple types of capital, especially human capital, can increase the prospects for improving nutrition when integrated into agricultural projects.
- Many studies of the agriculture-nutrition link have weak study designs that limit the ability to assess the relationship.
- Future programs should be carefully monitored and evaluated to ensure performance can be continually tracked and improved.
Nutrition and health: Suboptimal thiamin status is common in Cambodian women ...IFSD14
The document summarizes a study investigating suboptimal thiamin status in Cambodian women of childbearing age. The study found high rates of thiamin deficiency in rural Cambodian women. To address this, researchers propose a randomized controlled trial to develop a thiamin-fortified fish sauce for consumption by women. The trial would compare different levels of thiamin fortification to a placebo, with the goal of increasing thiamin levels and reducing the risk of infantile beriberi, a condition caused by maternal thiamin deficiency. The fortified fish sauce, if successful, could potentially be scaled up across Cambodia.
Nutrition and Health: Overcoming the challenges: analyzing Cambodian 24-hour ...IFSD14
This document discusses challenges in analyzing 24-hour dietary recall data collected from a nutrition research project in Cambodia. The project aims to investigate the effectiveness of different homestead food production models, including aquaculture, at reducing malnutrition. Key challenges include omitted or forgotten foods in recalls, unknown local foods, and labor-intensive data entry. Suggested solutions are using a multi-pass interview method, involving students to help with data processing, and collecting repeat recalls to better estimate usual intake.
Gender: From gender analysis to transforming gender norms: using empowerment ...IFSD14
This presentation summarizes research from a project in Tanzania that aimed to improve food security and gender equity through integrating dairy goat and root crop production. The presentation discusses:
1) The research focus on linking gender analysis, gender transformative approaches, and empowerment to transform gender norms and roles.
2) An overview of the "Crops and Goats" project which worked with smallholder farmers to improve incomes and well-being through goat crossbreeding and crop trials.
3) Main findings from interviews that found increased independence for women from milk sales but decision-making still rested mostly with men, and a need to engage further with gender norms at society level to achieve transformative change.
Economics: Fear and Loaning in Kenya: the Financial Lives of Smallholder FarmersIFSD14
Smallholder farmers in Kenya face economic challenges due to unreliable rainfall and crop failures that impact their ability to obtain loans from banks. To address this, some farmers have formed self-help groups where members pool their money to take turns receiving loans. These informal lending circles help farmers access funds for seeds and supplies. The groups provide a support system and help mitigate the risks of agricultural loans in an unpredictable climate.
EconomicsFear and Loaning in Kenya: the Financial Lives of Smallholder FarmersIFSD14
Smallholder farmers in Kenya face financial challenges, relying on loans from self-help groups to support their agricultural activities. These groups provide an important source of credit for farmers who may otherwise struggle to access loans from banks. The presentation discusses the financial lives and credit needs of smallholder farmers in Kenya and the role of self-help groups in enhancing food security through gender equitable access to financing.
Policy: Inclusion, empowerment, and the social impact of Ecuador’s native pot...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on the social impacts and inclusion of smallholder farmers in Ecuador's native potato value chain. Key findings include: 1) Farmers perceive benefits from participation like higher and stable prices, but have concerns around price and market risks; 2) There are opportunities to improve communication, trust, and governance between actors; 3) Increasing production and quality can help meet growing demand while supporting investment and risk reduction. The document recommends strengthening communication, collaboration, and business/organizational capacity to further empower farmers and expand opportunities in the value chain.
Gender: gendered technology adoption and household food security in semi arid...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on the adoption of agricultural innovations by women smallholder farmers in semi-arid Eastern Kenya. The study found that women robustly adopted "orphaned" or traditional food crops, alone or with male relatives, but were less involved in fruit tree crops. It also found that women invest more labor than men in crops but receive fewer financial rewards. However, non-financial benefits like food provision and social networks provide incentives for women's participation. The results challenge distinctions between "men's crops" and "women's crops". Farmer groups were also found to be an important form of social capital that helps disseminate knowledge and improve food security for women.
Gender and Livelihoods: Women friendly interventions in finger millet cultiva...IFSD14
This document summarizes research on women-friendly interventions in finger millet cultivation in Nepal. The research found that:
1) Finger millet is an important crop for Nepal that is well-suited to the climate and soil conditions, and provides nutrition, but women's role in its cultivation has been neglected.
2) Introducing women-friendly farming technologies like a pedal-powered thresher, fork weeder, and line transplanting reduced women's workload and drudgery. However, some technologies like the thresher still require modifications.
3) Involving women in activities like variety selection and technology choice empowered them and better addressed their needs over men's preferences.
Nutrition and Health: Overcoming the challenges: analyzing Cambodian 24-hour ...IFSD14
This document summarizes the challenges of analyzing 24-hour dietary recall data collected in Cambodia as part of a randomized control trial investigating the impact of homestead food production models on nutrition. Some key challenges discussed include finding nutritional information for local Cambodian foods, dealing with unknown nutrient values, improving the reliability of recall methods, and assessing the validity of dietary intake data through biomarkers. Potential solutions explored involve using regional food composition databases, consulting nutrition experts, standardizing assumptions, and applying validated multi-pass 24-hour recall techniques.
Gender and Livelihoods: Revealing and enhancing the position of women in Sri ...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on enhancing gender equity in aquaculture development in Sri Lanka. The study found that women contribute significantly to household livelihoods and food security through fisheries and other activities, but their roles are not fully recognized. It tested introducing oyster aquaculture, which women expressed interest in as it could build on existing skills and improve incomes. Participatory assessments and pilot trials were conducted involving women. Initial results suggest oyster farming has potential to double household incomes if supported, addressing food insecurity, and can provide women more decision-making roles and leadership opportunities in the aquaculture sector.
Sustainable Food Production: Sustaining the Small Millet Cropping Systems Thr...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on sustaining small millet cropping systems through farmer-led participatory research in India. The study found that:
1) Small millets are nutritious but production has declined due to low productivity and lack of improved varieties and harvesting/processing methods.
2) Participatory research identified context-specific solutions like improved agronomic practices, tools, and harvesters/threshers/dehullers to address constraints.
3) On-farm trials showed yield increases of up to 28% from improved practices like line sowing and organic fertilizers. Efficient harvesters and dehullers also helped reduce labor.
4) The participatory approach helped prioritize constraints
Sustainable Food Production: Enhancing resilience in smallholders cropping sy...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on intercropping green grams with Melia volkensii trees in semi-arid eastern Kenya. The study found that green gram yields were 75% of monocropped yields with a tree spacing of 6m by 6m, providing both food and tree products. Over two seasons, the 6m by 6m spacing resulted in the highest tree height and diameter as well as green gram yields. While intercropping provided benefits, challenges included intermittent droughts and difficulties propagating Melia volkensii. Continued research is needed to determine the optimal long-term tree spacing to maximize both crop and tree yields.
Gender and Livelihoods: Teach a woman to fish: Encountering empowerment in na...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on community fish farming in Koraput, India and how it relates to women's empowerment. It finds that while initially women's groups were able to gain control over fish ponds, leading to increased production and consumption, local politics and power dynamics worked against their continued control. The study uses Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and habitus to analyze how access to resources changed as the positions of influential actors changed, demonstrating how gender inequalities can be reinforced through cultural and political logics at the local level.
Sustainable Food Production: Improving Food Security and Human Nutrition in ...IFSD14
This document summarizes a presentation on enhancing food production, gender equity, and nutritional security in Ethiopia. It was hosted by multiple organizations and discussed improving food supply through more productive and resilient crop varieties, better soil and crop management practices, nutrition education, and strengthening social and gender aspects of smallholder agriculture. The document provides details on Ethiopia's agriculture sector, dominant food supply systems, common crops and their growing seasons. It also summarizes research on improving chickpea production through developing new varieties, inoculation, and participatory testing with farmers. Key implementation strategies are outlined to scale proven approaches through expanded partnerships across the country.
Nutrition and Health: Through A Resilience Lens: Keeping Farmers On Their Lan...IFSD14
Through A Resilience Lens presented strategies for keeping farmers on their lands and reducing hunger. The document discusses principles of resilience like spreading risk, maintaining heterogeneity, and building trust. It provides an example of a multi-level ecosystem management approach in India that incorporated these resilience strategies. Outcomes of this approach included dramatically reducing the number of hunger days experienced by families and increasing women's engagement and decision-making power in households.
Policy: Inclusion, empowerment, and social impact of Ecuador’s native potato ...IFSD14
This document summarizes a study on the social impacts and inclusion of smallholder farmers in Ecuador's native potato value chain. The study examined perceptions of benefits among farmers participating in the value chain, as well as challenges and recommendations. Key findings include farmers perceiving economic benefits from participation but also risks from market dependence and quality standards. The study recommends improving communication, increasing production capacity, expanding participation, and developing business skills to strengthen the value chain's contributions to poverty alleviation.
Chandru is a 7-year-old boy who lives in a village with his mother and sister. His mother is a member of a local fish farming club that decided to start farming fish in the village pond. They cleaned out the pond, added fish fingerlings, and now Chandru's mother and 12 other members farm different types of fish there and harvest them on weekends to eat or sell. Chandru helps by educating his friends on the benefits of eating fish and enjoys catching and eating fish from the pond.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
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Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
2. Ecological intensification (closing efficiency
gaps) within a multifunctional landscape
perspective is possible
We only need to learn how to do it better
Conventional agricultural intensification
(closing yield gaps) is a sine qua non
for humanity & for saving our last forests
We only need to learn how to achieve it
in better ways
Red herrings
Discordant
information
Black Swan
Paradigm
shift
3. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
5. The logarithm of human population density is a
good predictor of the fraction of land area
reported as forest (across different forest types)
We can identify
countries that
have more than
10% extra, or more
than 10% forest
deficit relative to
what is expected
for their
population density
7. Sumber Jaya (Lampung, Indonesia)
Coffee agroforestry in a contested
watershed
Bungo (Jambi, Indonesia) Tapping
rubber in biodiversity rich agroforest
11. 800 (+100) million
people live in 9.5
(+0.5) million km2
of agricultural
lands with >10%
tree cover 180 (+20) million
people live in 3.5
(+0.2) million km2
of agricultural
lands with >30%
tree cover
CumulativeareaCumulativepopulation
Zomer et al. 2014
(in prep.)
12. S, N&C, W Asia and N.Africa
C.America, Oceania, SE
Asia, South America
Zomer et al. 2014
(in prep.)
13. Dry Wet
Latin America has more tree
cover for a similar climate
14. Zomer et al. 2014
(in prep.)
In SE and S Asia
more people less
tree cover in
agricultural areas
Weak trend to
“more people
more tree cover”
Central America is
different story….
15. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/d
ownloads/publications/PDFs/WP130
54.PDF
Agroforestry supports food and nutritional security
through:
(1)the direct provision of tree foods such as fruits and
leafy
vegetables and by supporting staple crop production;
(2) by raising farmers’ incomes through the sale of tree
products and surplus staples;
(3) by providing fuels for cooking; and
(4) by supporting various ecosystem services such as
pollination
that are essential for the production of some food
plants.
16. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
18. Land with diverse tree
cover and carbon-rich soil
Adaptive mana-
gement capacity of
empowered local
communities
Enhanced carbon
sinks, avoided
losses
Sustainable fo-
rest management
Avoidance of soil C loss
(peat & mineral soils)
Increased A & F
productivity
(Agro)biodiversity
conservation
Agroforestry
Afforestation,
reforestation
Soil and water
conservation
Ecosystem service
value realization
Decentralization
of NRM decisions
Centralization of
NRM decisions
Increased
efficiency of
Ag input use
Rules need to evolve from
‘additionality’ tests on sepa-
rate funding streams via
‘complementarity’
to full ‘synergy’
Mitiga-
daptation
Lalisa et al. soon to
be submitted
19. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
20. Bernard F, van Noordwijk M,
Luedeling E, Villamor GB,
Gudeta S, Namirembe S.
2014? Social actors and
unsustainability of
agriculture. Current Opinion
in Environmental
Sustainability 6, 155-161
21.
22. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
23. 5 scales of economics
Individual & household decisions
on scarce resources
National scale decisions on
scarce resources
Environmental economics: inter-
nalizing externalities of individual
decisions for common goods
Ecological economics:
planetary boundaries put
hard constraints
Behavioural economics: really
internalizing externalities at
emotional core of decision making
Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 37, 389-
420
24. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
25.
26. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
28. 1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are inseparable
aspects of a land use
system that provides the
4 functions e.g. swidden/
fallow cycles
I.
Swidden-rubber-
rattan system in
Katingan,
Kalimantan
van Noordwijk, M,
Minang P A, Hairiah K,
2014. Shifting
cultivation in an era of
climate change, In:
M.Cairns (Ed). A
growing forest of
voices. Earthscan, UK;
in press)
29. 1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are inseparable
aspects of a land use
system that provides the
4 functions
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are segregated
parts of landscapes, both
providing for the 4 func-
tions (with + & - interac-
tions)
e.g. swidden/
fallow cycles
I.
II.
e.g. Green
revolution +
National
Parrks
30. 1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are inseparable
aspects of a land use
system that provides the
4 functions
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
agroforestry
A and F are segregated
parts of landscapes, both
providing for the 4 func-
tions (with + & - interac-
tions)
A and F are connected
through af intermediary
land use, jointly provi-
ding the 4 functions
e.g. swidden/
fallow cycles
I.
II.
III.
e.g. green
revolution
e.g. inte-
grated LU
planning
Lubuk
Beringen,
Jambi.
Sumatra,
Indonesia
31.
32. 1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are inseparable
aspects of a land use
system that provides the
4 functions
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
agroforestry
1. Rural income
2. Food production
3. Nutrition & health
4. Natural resource
management
A and F are segregated
parts of landscapes, both
providing for the 4 func-
tions (with + & - interac-
tions)
A and F are connected
through af intermediary
land use, jointly provi-
ding the 4 functions
F facilitates and supports
intensive af+A land-
scapes to provide the
4 functions
e.g. swidden/
fallow cycles
I.
II.
III.
IV.
e.g. green
revolution
e.g. inte-
grated LU
planning
e.g. eco-
logical
intensifi-
cation
33. Higher order
mosaic where
both sparing and
sharing are
combined, both
driven by caring
Segregate // land sparing
Integrate // land sharing
van Noordwijk M, Tata H L, Xu J, Dewi S
and Minang P, 2012. Segregate or
integrate for multifunctionality and
sustained change through landscape
agroforestry involving rubber in Indonesia
and China.. In: Agroforestry: The Future of
Global Landuse. Nair PKR and Garrity DP
(eds.), Springer, The Netherlands. pp 69-
34. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
39. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
40. Payments for environmental services
(PES), or non-provisioning ecosystem
services, target alignment of micro-
economic incentives for land users with
meso- and macro-economic societal
costs and benefits of their choices
across stakeholders and scales
They can interfere with or comple-
ment social norms and rights-based
approaches at generic (land use plan-
ning) and in-dividual (tenure, use
rights) levels, and with macro-econo-
mic policies influencing the drivers to
which individual agents respond.
PES concepts
need to adapt.
Multiple para-
digms have
emerged within
the broad PES
domain.
Forms of “co-investment in stewardship” alongside rights are the preferred entry point
45. Landscapes
Landscape approaches are
• Landscapes are not ‘just’ mosaics of multiple
land covers and land uses,
• They are a space within which livelihoods used
to run their course,
• They include aspects of identity, pride and
concern and have (some) social coherence
• Attempts to reconcile local and external
perspectives on desirable landscape outcomes
• Usually have a ‘negotiation’ dimension within a
‘learning landscape’ context
48. Red herrings? In this talk
• The agriculture forest dichotomy is artificial: trees are a
common (& essential?) part of many farmed landscapes
• The forest (or tree cover) transition affects climate at many
scales (micro-, hydro-, carboclimate)
• Sustainability is a social construct, across 3 temporal scales
• 5 scales of economics are needed for sustainagility
• The tradeoff between ‘green’ and ‘growth’ is our primary
challenge: simultaneously closing yield & efficiency gaps
• Outsourcing staple food is key to forest-based livelihoods
• Landscape-level tree cover enhances nutritional diversity
• New landscape-scale performance metrics are needed,
building on land equivalence ratio’s and foot prints
Black Swans? Your call
58. Geological history, patterns
and current activity
Global climate systems
based on oceans, land and
atmosphere
Flora and fauna and its biogeography
Landforms,vegetation,ecosystems,hydrology
A. Initial human
land use
B. Late-stage
human land use
Land use is predictable from
‘reading the landscape’
Land use dominates over
original terrain features
C. The
transition is
predictable
64. B. Accepting an issue as
part of a policy agenda:
‘How big is it? What are
symptoms, what are the
underlying causes? Who
can be blamed? Costs?’
A. Entry phase of
‘new’ issue into
public debate: ‘is
there a problem?’
C. Identifying and
negotiating
solutions: ‘What
can be done
about it? What is
lowest cost
solution? Who’ll
have to pay? Will
it work? Why
didn’t it work
before?
D. Reaching agreements that are
implementable: ‘How do solutions
for this issue interact with other
con-current negotiations? How can
deals be made that are
implementable and meet minimum
targets’
E. Implementing, eva-
luating and not-forgetting:
‘Are agreements implemen-
ted and working? What next
generation issues are
emerging?’
Funding
peaks
Fig.0.9
65.
66. Regional networks of
‘learning landscapes’:
variable methods aimed at
supporting local resource
access, value-chain
development, local
institutions and/or reform
of (sub) national
regulations
‘Extractive science’: standardized methods for advancement of
disciplinary knowledge and academic publications as international
public goods
‘Locally owned’ learning that can but doesn’t have to include
participation by scientists or development agents
Global network of
‘sentinel landscapes’:
aimed at long-term
socio-ecological
monitoring using
standardized methods,
science-led, aimed at
informing international
policy arenas
Fig. 0.10
67. Product-
oriented
research
Process-oriented multistakeholder discussion tools
Qualitative
Dynamic
and
spatial
Trade-offs understood Value compensation Operating mechanisms
Spatially
explicit
freeand prior informed consent
Fig. 0.11
Nesting of
landscapein
(inter-)
national action
plans
Focus on
external
learning
Focus on
local learning
Boundary
objects
created
68. RESFA redd
feasibility
appraisals
Tradeoff ranking
of options for
land use change
FERVA
arguments for
fairness &
efficiency
OpCost analysis
with ABACUS
RUPES-game
with local
stakeholders
Product
oriented
research
Process-oriented multistakeholder discussion tools
Quali-
tative
Dynamic
+ spatial
Tradeoffs Value-compensated tradeoffs Operating
mechanisms
Realistic, Conditional
Voluntary
Spatially
explicit
C-compensated
land use planning
for REDD+ game
TALaS scenario
analysis with
FALLOW
FPIC
NAMA
Rel/Rl
LAAMA-
NSS
FlowPer & Ecor
predictors of co-
benefits
ABACUS = abatement cost curve calculator; ASB matrix = land use systems & their key attributes; ΔLU =
land use change; Ecor = Ecological corridors; FALLOW = Forest, Agriculture, Low-value Lands or Waster
model; FERVA = Fair & Efficient REDD Valuechain Analysis; FlowPer = Flow Persisytence model; FPIC = Free
and Prior Informed Consent; LAAMA = Locally Appropriate Adaptation and Mitigation Actions; NAMA =
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions; OpCost = Opportunity Cost analysis scheme; NSS = Negotiation
Support System; RACSA = Rapid C stock appraisal; RATA = Rapid Tenure Claim Appraisal; REDD+ = Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation; REL/RL = reference (emission) level; RUPES = Rewarding
Upland Poor for the Environmental Services they provide; TALaS = Tradeoff Analysis for Landuse Scenarios
ΔLU
maps
ASB
matrix
RATA
RACSA
73. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
Fig. 0.14
74.
75. I. Initial appraisal of context
V. Process of negotiated change
II. Lives, land
use & liveli-
hoods
III. Landscapes,
ecosystem ser-
vices, tradeoffs
IV. Transforma-
tions, gover-
nance, rights
Fig. 0.14
76.
77. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
Section I
78. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
81. Geological history, patterns
and current activity
Global climate systems
based on oceans, land and
atmosphere
Flora and fauna and its biogeography
Landforms,vegetation,ecosystems,hydrology
A. Initial human
land use
B. Late-stage
human land use
Land use is predictable from
‘reading the landscape’
Land use dominates over
original terrain features
C. The
transition is
predictable
99. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
100. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
137. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
161. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
162. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
211. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
246. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
247. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.
268. ABACUS
NPV, $/Ha
Carbonstock,tC/Ha
Slope indicates
emissions per
gain in $/ha
Tradeoff at land use system level
opportunitycost,$/tCO2e,
Cumulative emissions
Emission reduction poten-
tial for given C price
Opportunity cost at landcape scale
Rural income
(increasing)
Rural income
(declining)
C stock
(increasing)
C stock
(decreasing)
Dynamic land use scenario model
Agents with
variation in
resource
base, moti-
vation, live-
lihood stra-
tegies.
interacting
with rules
& policies
Agent-based land use change model
ASB
tradeoff
Matrix
e.g. FALLOW
scenarios
I II
III
IV
Four levels of analyzing opportunity costs
277. Δ C in the
Landscape
Land use
change
Difference in
C stock for
any type of
change
=SUM X
“Emission factor” as
difference in time-
averaged C stock:
ton C ha-1
“Activity data” in the form of
land use change for any type
of transition: ha y-1
Change in C stock of
the landscape:
ton C yr-1
over all pairwise
land use change
combinations
292. What are the drivers of
current human activity and
what are levers (regulatory
framework, economic
incentives, motivation) for
modifying future change?
How does tree cover vary in
the landscape (patterns
along a typical cross-section,
main gradients), and how
has it decreased and
increased over time?
Who makes a living here,
what is ethnic identity,
historical origin, migrational
history, claims to land use
rights, role in main value
chains, what are key power
relations?
How do ecosystem ser-
vices (provisioning, regu-
lating, cultural/religious,
supporting) depend on
tree cover and the spatial
organization of the
landscape?
Which land use patterns with or
without trees are prominent in the
landscape and provide the basis for
local lives and livelihoods? What
value chains are based on these
land uses?
Who is affected by or benefits from
the changes in tree co-ver and
associated ecosystem services?
How are stakehol-ders organized
and empo-wered to influence the
drivers?
293. Citation Van Noordwijk M, Lusiana B,
Leimona B, Dewi S, Wulandari D, eds.
2013. Negotiation-support toolkit for
learning landscapes. Bogor, Indonesia:
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
Southeast Asia Regional Program.