This document discusses optical coherence tomography (OCT), a technique that uses infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina. It describes the evolution of OCT technology from early time-domain OCT to current spectral-domain and swept-source OCT. Key differences are that spectral-domain OCT uses a spectrometer to measure light wavelengths, while swept-source OCT provides higher resolution due to longer wavelengths that penetrate tissue better. The document also outlines how OCT is used to image the macula, optic nerve, and retinal layers, and can evaluate conditions like macular thickness and ganglion cell loss.