2. Foster and sustain the environmental and economic well
being of the coast by linking people, information, and
technology.
Center Mission
• Coastal Hazards
• Coastal Habitat
• Coastal Information Access
and Use
• Capacity Building
Theme Areas
3. Coastal Hazards - What are the Issues?
• Coastal hazards can be defined as episodic
or chronic destructive natural system events
that affect coastal areas. These include:
• Meteorological = hurricanes, tropical
cyclones, northeasters, and coastal and
riverine flooding
• Geological = earthquakes, tsunamis,
landslides, and chronic erosion
• Growing concern over continuing worldwide rise in
disaster loss totals
• Estimated cost is $10 to $50 billion annually in U.S.
• Global climate change or natural cyclical trends
• Improvements in disaster monitoring and loss reporting
• Increased human exposure in hazardous locations
4. Coastal Hazards
• Risk Assessment
• Local government interaction
• Insurance industry involvement
• Training on mitigation
• Regional vulnerability atlas
• Mitigation workshops
• GIS as decision support tool
5. Coastal Hazard Mitigation
• Multi-disciplinary efforts focusing on community risks and
vulnerabilities and the true costs of hazards
• Hazard Reduction
– Altering the coastal environment (erosion control, beach nourishment)
– Strengthening the built environment (windproofing, elevating
structures)
• Hazard Avoidance
– Managing development in high hazard areas
(land use planning, economic incentives,
education)
– Prohibiting development in high hazard
areas (zoning)
10. Hazard Analysis
SLOSH Model
Inland Winds Model
Floodplain Maps
Soils
Land Cover
Erosion Rates
Hazardous Waste
Hazard
Analysis
Geographically defined risk consideration
areas to be used as a filter for analyzing
vulnerability and targeting high-risk
locations for mitigation projects.
Input
Output
Where are your risk consideration areas?
How would you prioritize these risk areas?
11. Step 2a
Map risk consideration areas for hazards.
Hazard Analysis
Step 2b
Prioritize risk consideration areas within each hazard, where possible.
12. Hurricane Storm Surge Risk Areas Risk Score Highest Lowest
Storm Surge Category 1 & 2 4 4 0
Storm Surge Category 3 3
Storm Surge Category 4 & 5 2
Storm Surge Buffer (0.25 mile from entire surge coverage) 1
Remainder of County 0
Flood Risk Areas Risk Score Highest Lowest
Flood V & VE Zones (Velocity Zone) 5 5 1
Flood A & AE Zones (100 Year Floodplain) 4
Flood X500 Zone (500 Year Floodplain) 3
Flood Prone Soils (Outside Flood Zones V, VE, A, AE, & X500) 2
Remainder of County 1
Erosion Consideration Risk Areas Risk Score Highest Lowest
High (immediately adjacent to ocean) 3 3 0
Medium (near ocean) 2
Low (remainder of barrier island) 1
Remainder of County 0
Wind Consideration Risk Areas Risk Score Highest Lowest
Barrier Islands (Seaward of the Intercoastal Waterway) 2 2 1
Remainder of County 1
Wildfire Consideration Risk Areas Risk Score Highest Lowest
High (highest density of pine) 3 3 1
Medium (pines interspersed with development) 2
Low (barrier islands) 1
Earthquake Consideration Risk Area Risk Score Highest Lowest
Entire County 1 1 1
Tornado Consideration Risk Area Risk Score Highest Lowest
Entire County 1 1 1
Natural Hazard Risk Potential Scores 19 5
Natural Hazards
14. Critical Facilities Analysis
Police
Fire/EMS
Hospitals
Shelters
Utilities
Communication
Government Facilities
Roads & Bridges
Schools
Critical
Facilities
Analysis
A systematic assessment of the
vulnerability of critical lifelines or
key resources to various hazard
impacts. Can be used to identify
and prioritize mitigation projects.
Input
Output
What are your critical facilities and where are they located?
How vulnerable are they to physical and operational
impacts from hazards?
16. Critical Facilities Analysis
Types of Critical Facilities in Inventory
Information to Collect in the Inventory
•Shelters
•Schools
•Medical
•Fire/EMS
•Police
•Utilities
•Communications
•Transportation
•Government Facilities
•Miscellaneous
•Facility Name
•Address
•Owner/Operator
•Contact
•Phone
•Alternate Contact
•Alternate Phone
•x and y Coordinate
18. Facility Name:
Surge Wind Flood Erosion Wildfire Earthquake Total
Critical Facility Category:
(1) Hazard Category Priority Score N/A
(from Vulnerability Matrix)
(2) Locational Vulnerability Score
(3) Damage History Score
No history = 0
Minor Damage =2
Moderate Damage =4
Significant or Repetitive Damage =6
(4) Structural Vulnerability Score
Exceeds codes - incorporates
hazard-specific protections =0
Meets applicable codes = 1
Does not meet applicable codes =2
Known deficiencies for hazard =3
(5) Operational Vulnerability Score
No effect =0
Minimal effect =1
Significant effect=2
Life threatening impact=3
Facility Vulnerability Score
(Add items 1 through 5)
Vulnerability Determination
(low, moderate, high)
Critical Facilities Analysis
19. Societal Analysis
Poverty
Age
Minority Population
No Vehicles
Female Households
Rental Households
Public Assistance
Societal
Analysis
Geographically defined areas of
high risk coupled with minimal
personal resources for hazard
recovery. Can be used to develop
mitigation strategies and target
high-need locations.
Input
Output
Where are your high-need neighborhoods?
How vulnerable are they to hazard impacts?
20. Step 4a
Identify societal need indicators and collect relevant data.
Step 4b
Locate high-need areas.
Step 4c
Identify high-need areas that intersect with high risk locations
Step 4d
Conduct general inventory of high-need/high risk locations.
Societal Analysis
22. Economic Analysis
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation
Wholesale & Retail
Services
Finance, Insurance
Real Estate
Economic
Analysis
Geographically defined areas of
high risk coupled with potential
impacts on vulnerable sectors of
the economy. Can be used to
develop mitigation strategies and
target high impact economic
sectors.
Input
Output
What are your primary economic sectors and
how vulnerable are they to hazards?
Where are your largest employers and how
vulnerable are they to hazard impacts?
23. Step 5a
Identify primary economic sectors and locate clusters or economic centers.
Step 5b
Identify intersection of economic centers and high risk locations.
Step 5c
Conduct general inventory of high risk economic centers.
Step 5d
Identify large employers.
Step 5e
Conduct vulnerability assessment of large employers (similar to critical facilities.)
Economic Analysis
24. Environmental Analysis
Hazardous Materials
Toxic Release Sites
Oil Facilities
Ports
Marinas
Discharge Sites
Environmental
Analysis
Geographically defined areas of
high risk coupled with potential of
secondary environmental impacts.
Can be used to target mitigation
projects that will protect sensitive
natural resources.
Input
Output
Where are your hazardous materials located and
how vulnerable are they to natural hazards?
How vulnerable are critical natural resources to
secondary hazard impacts?
25. Step 6a
Identify secondary hazard risk consideration sites.
Step 6c
Conduct vulnerability assessments of priority secondary risk sites (similar
to critical facilities.)
Step 6b
Identify intersections of secondary risk sites with high natural hazard risk areas
and environmentally sensitive areas to identify priority locations.
Environmental Analysis
27. Mitigation Opportunities
Analysis
Policy Status
Undeveloped Land
Age of Housing Stock
Population Projections
Land Cover Change
Zoning
Mitigation
Opportunities
A systematic assessment of
existing and potential land uses
focused on high hazard areas.
Can be used to evaluate future
impacts of proposed hazard
mitigation strategies.
Input
Output
Where are your best opportunities for mitigation
policy changes to have significant impacts on
future hazard vulnerability?
28. Mitigation Opportunities
Analysis
Step 7a
Identify areas of undeveloped land and the intersection with high risk areas.
Step 7b
Inventory land for existing policies (zoning, floodplain regulations) to determine
adequacy of existing policies to prevent unwise development.
29. Assessment Matrix
Hazards Storm Surge Wind Flood Landslide Erosion Earthquake Tsunami Wildfire
Priority Score
Critical Facilities Total [CF
in high-risk]
Societal Vulnerability
Totals [Total housing units
in high-risk (societal +
locational)]
Economic Vulnerability
Totals [Total facilities in
high risk (economic +
locational)]
Environmental
Vulnerability Totals [Total
facilities in high risk (haz +
prox to nat resources)]
Mitigation Opportunities
Acreage [Area land use
(acreage) by type in high
risk (haz)]
Summary Comments
