The document describes different categories of ocean life including benthos (bottom dwellers), nekton (swimmers), and plankton (floaters). It also outlines various ocean habitats from the intertidal zone near shore to the open ocean, and explains the physical conditions in each area and the types of organisms that live there. Different shore zones are identified as sandy shores typically found in areas like New Jersey, Maryland, and Florida, and rocky shores located in places like Maine, Massachusetts, and parts of the west coast.

1. Ocean Life

3. Ocean Life
• Benthos: Bottom Dwellers – Animals or plants
that inhabit the ocean floor (crabs, sea stars,
lobsters, octopus)
• Nekton: Swimmers – Animals that have the
ability to swim from place to place (squid,
most fish, whales, seals)
• Plankton: Floaters – Animals or plants that
depend on currents and waves (tiny young
fish, diatoms, some jelly fish)

4. Benthos-Bottom Dwellers

5. Nekton-swimmers

6. Plankton-floaters

7. Relationship between organisms
• Food Web: When one organism eats another
organism that eats a plant
• Example: Polar bear eats a seal which eats
artic cod which eats silversides which eats
algae.
• The energy is passed from one organism to
the next as they eat the objects.

8. O
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A
N
F
OO
D
WE
B

9. Ocean Habitats
• The Intertidal Zone: the area on or near the
beach between high tide and low tide.
• The organisms that live there must be able to
tolerate changes such as salinity and
temperature, as well as periods of being
underwater and out of the water. They also
have to deal with pounding waves.
• Examples: Crabs, sea stars, sea cucumbers,
hermit crabs.

10. Intertidal Zone

11. Ocean Habitats
• Neritic Zone: Extends from the low tide line
out to the edge of the continental shelf.
• This area is shallow and receives a steady
supply of sunlight, so the water is warm and
full of plant life which makes it bursting with
animal life also!
• This would be the area where a lot of fishing
industries obtain their fish.

12. Neritic Zone

13. Ocean Habitats
• The Open Ocean: begins at the end of the
shelf and continues into the deep seas
• This area receives less sunlight and fewer
nutrients, so it supports fewer animals.
• The animals that live here travel for miles for
food supplies.
• Examples: Whales, sharks and squid

14. Open Ocean

15. Water Column
• Don’t forget that the water also differs as you go
down into the ocean!
• Top Layer = Mixed layer or Surface Zone
• Middle Layer = Thermocline or Transition Zone
• Bottom Layer = Deep water (zone)

16. Thermocline

17. Shore Zones
• Sandy Shores: Flat land areas that contain beaches
• A Beach is an area made up of broken rocks or shells
near the shore line.
• The color of the beach depends on the color of the
rock being broken down. There are white sand, green
sand, black sand, and of course the ugly tan New
Jersey beaches!
• New Jersey, Maryland, Carolinas, and Florida all have
sandy shores.

18. Sandy beaches

19. Shore Zones
• Rocky Shore Zone: Sometimes the waves of
the ocean hit directly onto rocks; places where
there are not any beaches.
• Caves: are a big feature at these locations
• Examples: Maine, Massachusetts, North and
West Coast of the U.S.

20. Rocky Shores

21. Sea Caves

22. Questions
1) Identify the three categories of ocean organisms
and describe their characteristics.
2) What are conditions like in the intertidal zone?
3) Describe the physical conditions in the Neritic
Zone.
4) What are the two type of shore zones and give a
specific location where each would be found.