The document presents an overview of oceans, detailing their composition, exploration methods, and significant aspects like ocean currents, zones, and biodiversity. It discusses the ecological roles of reefs and currents in influencing climate and highlights various ocean zones, including the intertidal, twilight, and midnight zones. Additionally, it touches upon the impact of human activities and global warming on marine environments and resources.

1. Oceans PPt. by, Robin D. Seamon

4. Ocean Notes Salt water/ salinity 360 million square miles 3.5 billion years old 100,000 + species 28 degrees to 86 degrees F 7 miles down in some places Mineral composition: sodium chloride magnesium calcium potassium

5. Ocean Exploration: oceanographer electronic devices measure with radar underwater cameras gear: Wet suit Jimmy suit Mooring Buoys Drills Submersibles Satellites Computers

6. Food Energy Minerals Medicine Transportation Influence Climate Ocean Resources

8. Ocean Currents Coriolis Effect http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/gifs/coriolis.mpg Video explanation

9. Sunlit Zone www.ngdir.ir/sitelinks/kids/html/en-water.htm

10. Currents (trade winds): underwater rivers Warm water moves up, Cool water sinks down in a circular motion. Gyres : circular patterns the wind moves the currents.

11. Gyres : circular patterns the wind moves the currents. N __________ S Wind-driven Thermohaline

12. Influences Climate Summary Summer Ocean stores heat Winter Ocean releases heat Currents carry off excess heat from tropical oceans to polar oceans Warming polar oceans (GLOBAL WARMING) MAJOR source of precipitation

13. Ocean Currents Coriolis Effect http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/gifs/coriolis.mpg Video explanation

14. CURRENTS: Highlight on your map: N. Equatorial S. Equatorial California Current Canary Current Gulf Stream Japan Current Labrador Current Peru Current El Nino Antarctic Circumpolar *Strongest

15. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/coloring/oceanlife.shtml

16. Sunlit Zone Depth: 400-600 ft. Coral reefs Plankton/ photosynthesis Currents (trade winds): underwater rivers Gyres : circular patterns the wind moves the currents.

17. Sunlit Zone Plankton pics Zooplankton pics http://ebvgroup4.wikispaces.com/file/view/seagrass_role.jpg/70547843/seagrass_role.jpg http:// i.ehow.com/images/a06/8h/bt/euphotic-zone_-200X200.jpg

18. Ocean Zones http:// www.johnkurtzart.com/i/PlantsAnimals/KurtzOceanZones.jpg

19. Sunlit Zone

20. Coral Reefs http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/coral-reef-life.jpg http://www.solcomhouse.com/images/green_Wrasse_web.jpg http://indosight.host56.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Coral-reef-fish.jpg http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Deborah-McAllister/imax/coral_reef.jpg

21. Scuba Gear

22. Coral Reefs Found in warm ocean water “ underwater forests” Colorful RELATIONSHIPS: Predator/Prey Simbiotic Diversity: 2 nd most productive habitat (following mangroves & rainforests Endangered

23. Coral Reefs Found on EASTERN coasts of Continents (because of the warm, strong currents) Caribbean Australia Hawaii Great Barrier Reef Coral: soft (alive) have polyps hard (dead) outer skeleton of limestone

24. Coral Reefs

25. Twilight Zone Enchanted learning.com

26. Twilight Zone 200-4,000 feet down Sunlight barely gets through the water: Hard to see, not dark, not light (like dawn and dusk above water) Large predators: sharks Below the continental shelf, at the drop-off zone

27. Midnight Zone http://www.pbs.org/saf/1207/images07/life2.gif http://www.itsnature.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/giant-clam2.jpg http://www.eyezed.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/angler-fish.jpg http://ldtstudio.coe.uga.edu/mod/glossary/view.php?id=2392 http://www.life.com/static/ugc/022/ugc1001022/watermarkcomp.jpg

28. Jimmy Suit http://my.fit.edu/~swood/images/tether10.jpg

29. Midnight Zone Complete darkness Blind/white animals Faults/trenches Pacific trench is deepest (36,198 ft down) PLATE TECHTONICS: create underwater mountains, trenches, vents, volcanoes, plains

30. Mid-Ocean ridge: Mid-Atlantic Ridge 5,000 ft above sea floor, some through island to make islands Through 3 oceans Along ridges are HOT vents (black smokers) -Copper, iron, sulfur, zinc flow out -Strange marine life -Special bacteria use chemicals & heat to make food -1 foot giant clams -giant red tube worms, crabs, blind or glowing fish

31. Abyssal Plains : Ooze, sediment PLATE TECTONICS Trenches: Seamounts: volcanic activity with the mountains,

32. Intertidal Zone http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I_A_unRXfEw/TQGZ6hODDAI/AAAAAAAAAdE/HAJ0a0C3PU4/s1600/lowtide3.jpg

33. Intertidal Zone On the beaches Unstable, saltier, waves disturb it Tides : cycles of rise and fall of ocean’s surface due to moon’s gravitational pull The tides pull out leaving tidal pools with organisms still in it, awaiting the next high tide. - Low tide : organisms exposed to air - High tide : organisms under ocean water

34. High tide zone: exposed to more air, more low tide (sea anemones, barnacles, crabs, mussels, sea stars, snails, whelks…) Middle tide zone: exposed to equal amounts of air and water with the tides (seaweed, sponges, shrimp, krill, zooplankton…) Low tide zone: exposed to more ocean water (BIODIVERSITY: hydroids, crabs, abalone, surf grass, tubeworms)

35. Ocean Tides: High tide Low tide http://blog.lib.umn.edu/lieb0116/architecture/2006/10/the_changing_tides_phenomenon.html

36. OCEAN

37. HSW Surviving the OCEAN (3min) HSW Surviving a MAN OVERBOARD (2 min) HSW Surviving on a LIFE RAFT (2 min) HSW Surviving SHARKS (2 min) HSW Phytoplankton & Oceanic Deadzones (2 min)

38. Works Cited Photos: CNN.com nature www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/tides101.htm www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep6j.htm http://www.princeton.edu/~jhalderm/pics/2000-08= bermuda/chiton.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org http://images.google.com Deep Exploration : Go to the ocean Floor Video Watch divers with Jean Michel Cousteau