Objective and scoring essay test is easy for scoring and better content validity.
It includes definition, advantage, disadvantages, principles, types etc. this is very informative test for scoring.
Typically, however, teacher preparation is divided into two (and sometimes three) levels, where Earth science plays very different roles: Elementary education: Programs that prepare future elementary teachers often emphasize literacy and language skills, with less emphasis on math and science
At the end of lecture students will be able to understandable:
Semantic Differential Scale
Summated Rating Scale
Anecdotal Record
Attitude Scales Measurements
Direction Degree Intensity
Critical Incident Technique
A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it
Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another
Typically, however, teacher preparation is divided into two (and sometimes three) levels, where Earth science plays very different roles: Elementary education: Programs that prepare future elementary teachers often emphasize literacy and language skills, with less emphasis on math and science
At the end of lecture students will be able to understandable:
Semantic Differential Scale
Summated Rating Scale
Anecdotal Record
Attitude Scales Measurements
Direction Degree Intensity
Critical Incident Technique
A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it
Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another
Essay type questions permit the pupil to respond by selecting, organizing, and presenting the facts he considers appropriate.
Essay type questions are a test containing questions requiring the students to respond in writing, it emphasizes recall rather than recognition of the correct alternative.
This is the PPT of method of data collection....
It include how we collect data from samples..
It important for researchers and bsc. Nursing students...
This PPT includes methods of data collection like interview, observations, questioning and biophysiological methods .📚
It also include reliability and validity of research tool...
There is concept of data collection five W's
What
Where
With whom
When
Why...😊
Sampling is necessary for the researchers and nursing students....
This PPT is basically related to 4th year nursing students....
It include sampling, sample, type of population, type of sampling technique and sampling error...
Sampling is a process of selecting sample...
Sample is a representative unit of the population...
It is very useful in pharmacology in nursing subject...
Antimalarial drugs are useful in malaria caused by the protozoa of the genus plasmodium, transmitted through a bite of female anopheles mosquito 🦟...
There are 5 species of the malarial parasite include that is plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium knowlesi...
In this pdf also include the life cycle of malaria and detail the drugs effects....
In this pdf description of chloroquine, quinine and primaquine and nursing care of the drugs...
Follow me on Instagram @nursing_withsmile
Schizophrenia is very important topic in mental health nursing.....
It is a psychotic disorder which is given by Eugene bleuler...📒
It comes under the F20-F29 icd category...
Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition characterized by disturbance in thinking, emotions, volitions which usually leads to social withdrawal....
This topic is related to sociology...
It is very useful for B.Sc. nursing students....
In this ppt include detail about society, community, difference between society and community, personal disorganization etc.
It is very useful for mental health nursing student...
Mental health assessment determine patient is experiencing abnormalities in thinking and reasoning ability, feelings or behavior....
Mood disorder characterized by disturbance of mood. it includes mania or depressive syndrome. it includes definition, causes, sign and symptoms, treatment and nursing diagnosis etc.
Mental health act drafted in 1987 and came into india in 1993. It includes need, objectives, act etc. it includes 10 chapters and mental health care act 2017 included.
Crisis is a state of disequilibrium resulting from the interaction of an event. it includes crisis and crisis intervention or its management.
it includes crisis types, characteristics , phases etc.
this topic is all about stress which is a feeling experienced by everyone. this presentation is about stress and how to manage it. it is very essential and beneficial for our daily life.
Simulation and role play is very important in nursing education. it includes definition, purpose, principles, types and procedure etc. of simulation and role play.
This presentation is about Iv injection which is used by all health professionals to the patients. This presentation includes definition, purpose, types, equipment with procedure and role of nurse all are included.. this is very helpful demonstration for health care settings.
hair wash is a care of the hair require for patients who are in the bed. this demonstration is very helpful to all the nursing students or nursing staff as well as other people who work with patients.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- Preeti sharmaEducate with smile
COPD is a type of obstructive lung disease and related conditions. it is very helpful presentation to you about information of COPD.
It includes all things that is definition, causes, symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, types, treatment and role of nurses for COPD patient.
cataract is clouding of the lens inside the eye..
it is very useful topic in medical filed...in this presentation all content is included about cataract like causes, symptoms and treatment...its very useful in your study.
sexual ill-health accounts the global burden of ill-health for women 20% for men 14%. It is closely related to other aspects of health, Love, affection and sexual intimacy all play a role n healthy relationships.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
4. DEFINITION
•It is generally call for single words, phrases,
numbers, letter and other symbols as response to
items.
•It is defined as one for which the scoring rules
are so specific that they do not allow scores to
make subjective inferences or judgments.
8. ADVANTAGES
Easy for scoring.
Objectivity in scoring.
It will not vary from time to time or from
examiner to examiner.
Greater reliability and better content validity.
It takes less time saves a lot of time of the
scores.
It eliminate extraneous factors such as speed
of writing, neatness, literacy style etc.
9. DISADVANTAGES
Takes a lot of time & effort in preparing the test.
provide little or no opportunity for measurement of
students ability to organize and to express thoughts.
11. INTRODUCTION
• Education choose essay question over other
forms of assessment because essay items
challenge students to create a response rather
than to simply select a response.
• Some educators use them because essay have the
potential to reveal students abilities to reason,
create, analyse, synthesize and evaluate.
12. DEFINITION
• An essay type test presents or more questions or
other tasks that require extended written responses
from the person being tested.
- Robert L.E & David A.F
• It requires the student to structure a long written
response upto several paragraphs.
- William W & Stephen GJ
13. FEATURES
• Questions are should both as formative and
summative assessments.
• They require a great deal of thought and planning.
• Students prepare their own answers.
• They evaluate knowledge areas alone.
• Students handwriting, spelling, neatness, organization and
way of expressing ideas may be considered while scoring
the items.
• No single answer is permitted freedom of response.
14. PRINCIPLES
Do not give too many lengthy questions.
Avoid phrases.
Questions should be well structured with specific
purpose or topic at a time.
Words should be simple, clear and carefully
selected.
Do not allow too many choices.
15.
16. TYPES /FORM OF ESSAY TEST
• Restricted Response/ Controlled Response.
• Extended Response/Uncontrolled Response.
Restricted Response Extended Response
17. Restricted Response Essay Questions
Restricted response usually limits both the
content and the response by restricting the
scope of the topic to be discussed.
Useful for measuring learning outcomes
requiring interpretation and application of
data in a specific area.
18. EXAMPLE:-
1. Mr. Rogers a ninth grade science teacher,
wants to measure his student ‘ ability to interpret
scientific data’ with a paper pencil test
• Describe the steps that Mr. Rogers would
follow
• Give reasons to justify each steps.
19. Extended Response Essay Questions
Extended response question allows student to
select information that they think is pertinent, to
organize the answer in accordance with their
best judgment, and to integrate and evaluate
ideas as they think suitable.
They do not set limits on the length or exact
content to be discussed.
20.
21. ADVANTAGES
• The freedom of response allowsthe student to
express himself in his own words.
• It helps students to improve their writing skills such
as writing speed.
• It encourages creativity by allowing their own
unique way.
• It encourages good study habits in students.
• It does not encourage guessing and cheating during
testing.
22. DISADVANTAGES
• Scoring is not reliable because different examiners
can grade the score answer differently. In fact, the
same examiner can grade the same question
differently at different times.
• Grading of essay tests is time-consuming.
• Subjective scoring of essay questions.
• Essay questions do not cover the course content and
the objectives as comprehensively as possible.