sexual ill-health accounts the global burden of ill-health for women 20% for men 14%. It is closely related to other aspects of health, Love, affection and sexual intimacy all play a role n healthy relationships.

2. SEXUALITY
AND SEXUAL
HEALTH
Presented By,
Ms. Preeti
Sharma
M.sc. 1st Year

3. INTRODUCTION:

4. • According to WHO, reproductive and
sexual ill-health accounts the global
burden of ill-health
For women 20%
For men 14%
• It is closely related to other aspects of
health. Love, affection and sexual
healthyintimacy, all pay a role in
relationship.

5. • Sexual health is not just limited to
absence of disease or dysfunction
during the reproductive years
• It impacts on sexual practice and
action and must be practice free from
sexual abuse, or discrimination and
requires integration into the whole life
cycle.

6. • The word sex denotes whether a
person is male or female or sex
difference. But sexuality is related
to sexual behaviour, gender
consciousness, and sexual nature.

7. DEFINITION:

8. Sexuality:
• The characteristic
male and female
quality of the
reproductive
elements.

9. Sexual health:
• In 1975 WHO defined sexual health as,
“integration of somatic, emotional,
intellectual and social aspect of sexual
being, in ways that are positively
enriching and that enhancespersonality,
communication and love.”

10. COMPONENT OF
SEXUAL HEALTH:

11. Four critical components of sexual
health are:
SELF
CONCEPT
BODY
IMAGE
GENDER
IDENTITY
SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

12.  SELF CONCEPT:
• It means how one values oneself as a
sexual being, determines with whom one
will have sex, the gender and the kind of
people person is attracted to.
• A positive sexual self concept enables
people to form intimate relationship
throughout life.
• A negative sexual self concept may
impede the formation of relationships.

13.  BODY IMAGE
• A central part of the sense of self, is
constantly changing, pregnancy, aging,
trauma, disease which can affect body
image.
• People who feel good about their bodies
are likely to be comfortable with and enjoy
sexual activity.
• People who have a poor body image
may respond negatively to sexual arousal.

14.  GENDER IDENTITY
• It is one’s self image as a female or
male.
• Once gender identity is established, it
cannot be easily changed.

15.  SEXUAL ORIENTATION
The preference as well as the physical and
emotional attraction one develops for a
particular gender. Sexual orientation e.g.
•.Heterosexuality:- Sexual activity
between a male and female.
• Homosexuality:- Between two member
of same sex.
• Bisexuality:- It is having almost equal
preference for partner of either sex.

16. SEXUAL GROWTH
AND
DEVELOPMENT:

17. Chromosomal
linkage:
• XX chromosomes
combination products
of female.
combination is• XY
male.

18.  Establishment of
gonadal sex:
• Second stage of
sexual differentiation
occurs by about the
10th to 12th week of
gestation.

19. • The male determining factor is Y
chromosome leads to development
of internal testes from gonad
medulla; without the male factor
there is development of internal
ovary from the gonad cortex.

20. Establishment of
phenotypic sex:
• When additional internal and
external genital organs develops
and result in actual characteristics
of biologic sex.

21. differentiation because each
• This is critical time in sexual
fetus
develops both Wolffian and
Mullerian genital duct system, one
of which must develop other regress
to product actual male or female
external genitalia.
• The Wolffian duct system in the
presence of testosterone give rise to
epididymis, the vas difference and
seminal vesicle in male.

22. • The Mullerian duct gives rise to the
female fallopian tubes and the
uterus and upper part of vagina.

23. AGE GROUPAND
SEXUAL HEALTH
BEHAVIOUR:

24.  Childhood sexual
behaviour:
• Curiosity about sex organ of
opposite sex.
• Masturbation
• Questions regarding pregnancy, child
birth and questions related to sexual
matters.

25.  Adolescence sexual
behaviour:
• Self masturbation.
• Sex experimentation.
• Desire for partner.
• Love affair.
• Chating or surfing on computer.

26. Adult sexual
behaviour:
• Problems of adjustment in sexual
behaviour.
• Extramarital relation.
• Divorce.
• Sexually transmitted disease.
• Unwanted pregnancy.

27.  Old age sexual
behaviour:
• Lack of sexual stimulation.
• Degeneration of organs.
• Death of life partner.
• Disease relate to sexual glands.

28. CHARACTERISTIS
OF SEXUALLY
HEALTHY PERSON:

29. • Person who have knowledge about
sexuality and sexual health.
• One who has positive attitude towards
body image.
• Ability to express one’s full sexual
potential.
• Capability to express sexuality.
• Right to make free and responsible
reproductive choice.

30. • Ability to access sexual health.
• Maintain balance between life style
and sexual behaviour.
develop
relation
effective
with both
• Capacity to
interpersonal
sexes

31. FACTORS
AFFECTING
SEXUAL HEALTH:

32. Biological factors:
• Congenital abnormality.
• Old age and sickness.
• Injuries.
• Less secretion of hormones.
• Pain and fatigue.

33.  Environmental
factors:
• Change in life style.
• Lack of proper place and privacy.

34. Psychological factors:
• Disturbance and obstacle in family
relationship.
• Incomplete sexual knowledge.
• Initial sexual experience being bitter.
• Disinterest and disliking for partner.
• Unnecessary hopes and expectation from
partner.
• Tension and pressure.
• Death of beloved one.

35. Hormones and genetic
factors:
• Can affect sperm quality.
• Production of ovulation (failure to
ovulate, irregular menstrual cycle)

36. Sexual health history:
• Multiple partners
• Infectious disease such as mumps
after puberty causes sterility.

37. Stress:
• Psychological stress (depression,
anxiety)
• Physiological stress (nervousness,
lack of energy)

38. Effects of
medications:
• E.g. Alcohol, alpha blockers,
amphetamines, anti-convulsion,
diuretics, marijuana.

39. CLASSIFICATION
OF SEXUAL
DISORDERS:

40. 1. GENDER IDENTITY
DISORDER:
These disorders are characterized
by disturbance in gender identity, i.e.
the sense of one’s own masculinity
and femininity is disturbed.
• Transexualism
• Dual role transvestism
• Intersexuality

41. 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS:
• Disorder of sexual development and
maturation includes disorder where
sexual orientation causes significant
distress to the individual or
disturbance in relationships.

42. • The preference as well as physical
and emotional attraction one
develops for a partner of particular
gender is call sexual orientation.
E.g.
Heterosexuality
Homosexuality
Bisexuality

43. 3. PARAPHILIAS:
• Paraphilias (also known as sexual
perversion and sexual deviation).
• It is used to identify repetitive or
preferred sexual fantasies or
behaviours that involve any of following,
• The preference for use of nonhuman
object.

44. • Repetitive sexual activity with
human that involves real or
stimulated suffering or humiliation.
• Repetitive sexual activity with non-
consenting partner.

45. Types of Paraphilia:
• Fetishism: the use of non-sexual or
nonliving objects or part of a
person's body to gain sexual
excitement.
• Masochism: the recurrent urge or
humiliated, beaten, bound,
behaviour of wanting to be
or
otherwise made to suffer.

46. • Voyeurism: the recurrent urge or
behaviour to observe an
unsuspecting person who is naked,
disrobing or engaging in sexual
activities, or may not be sexual in
nature at all.
• Pedophilia: sexual activity with a child
that is prepubescent (usually 13
years old or younger)

47. • Gerontophilia: becoming sexually
abused by elderly individuals.
• Incest: sexual attraction to one’s own
children or blood relation.
• Necrophilia: sexual activity with dead
person.
• Zoophilia: aroused by sexual contact
with animal.

48. 4. SEXUAL
DYSFUNCTION:
• It refers to problem during
phase of sexual response
any
cycle
that prevent individual or couple
from experiencing satisfaction from
sexual activity.

49. Categories of sexual
dysfunction:
Primary sexual dysfunction:
• Person included who have never
sexualexperienced satisfying
response.
Secondary sexual dysfunction:
• Person included who has satisfying
sexual response earlier but is suffering
from sexual dysfunction now.

50. Types of sexual
dysfunction:
Dysfunction of male:
• Erectile dysfunction
• Premature ejaculation
• Retarded ejaculation
• Inhibited sexual desire

51. Dysfunction of female:
• Primary orgasmic dysfunction
• Secondary orgasmic dysfunction
• Vaginismus
• Diminished lubrication
• Dyspareunia
• Lack of desire

52. NURSES
ROLE IN
SEXUALITY
AND SEXUAL
HEALTH:

53. • Over the past decades nurses have
advanced their role within sexual and
reproductive health care services
• Reproductive and sexual health care
(including reproductive, abortion and
genetic technologies) is an integral
part of individual, family and
community services provided by
professionals and other in health
care system.

54. • Nurses have a professional
responsibility to provide high quality,
non-judgemental reproductive and
sexual health care for their clients.
• There is now high incidence of teenage
pregnancy and STDs. Nurses are in
ideal position to give sexual health
advice to this age group, because they
often have contact with teenager for
other reason such as chronic disease
management and routine vaccination,
HPV vaccination campaign.

55. NURSING TASK:

56. • Sexual and contraceptive history
taking
• Safer/protected sex, contraception
advices/methods
• Understand and be able to discuss
different sexuality and sexual
health.
• Ability to challenge stigma and
discrimination.

57. • Supply emergency hormonal
contraception.
• Pre conception advices.
• Pregnancy testing
• Abortion care
• Breast awareness
• Menopausal advices

58. • Testicular and prostate awareness
• STI screening
• HIV testing
• HIV pre and post exposure prophylaxis
• Management of rape/ assault cases
• Examination of skin and treatment of
common genito-dermatologic problems

59. • Examination of oral cavity and
rectum.
• Cryotherapy microscopy
• Recognise sign and symptoms of
STIs.

60. TEACHING SELF
EXAMINATION:

61. Monthly breast self
examination:
• The method involves the woman
herself looking at and feeling each
breast for possible lumps,
distortions or swelling.
1st
• It should be perform week
following menstruation.

62. SEXUAL
EDUCATION AND
COUNSELLING:

63. understand their anatomies
• Nurses can assist client to
and
how their body function.
• The importance of open
communication between partners
should also encourage.
physiological• Details about
changes.

64. COUNSELING FOR
ALTERED SEXUAL
FUNCTION:
• One technique nurse can use to help
client with altered sexual function is
PLISSIT Model, developed by Annon
1974,
P: Permission giving
LI: Limited information
SS: Specific suggestion
IT: Intensive therapy

65. LEGAL ASPECTIN
SEXUAL HEALTH:

66. • Sexual health such as non
reproductive sex, adultery and
incest could have been disruptive
so that code of sexual conduct
were developed and thus become
written laws.
• The penalties of sexual offences
vary greatly from state to state so
that an offense may be
misdemeanour in one state and a
felony in other.

67. LAWS CONCERNING
SEXUAL ACTIVITIES OF
CONSENTING ADULTS:
• Fornification and cohabitation
• Adultery or extramarital sex
• Marital sexual activities: oral-genital
contact, anal intercourse, mutual
masturbation most of these activities
are regarded as felony in most of
states and are ground for divorce.

68. LAWS CONCERNING
INDIVIDUAL SEXUAL
ACTIVITIES:
• Abortion
• Veneral disease
offences:• Public nuisance
voyeurism, transvertism

69. LAWS IN INDIA:

70. • Article 377 of IPC call for maximum
punishment of life imprisonment for
all sexual acts against human nature
(primarily interpreted to be
homosexuality and including
consenting adults.)

71. Laws governing rape:
• Section 375
• A new Section 376A
• Protection of women from domestic
violence Act 2005
• Latest guidelines March 10, 2014

72. CONCLUSION
Sexual health is a state of physical,
mental and social well-being in relation
to sexuality. It requires a positive and
respectful approach to sexuality and
sexual relationships, as well as the
possibility of having pleasurable and
safe sexual experiences, free of
coercion, discrimination and violence.

73. SUMMARY

75. Thank
You!!!!