This document discusses common artifacts and errors seen in intraoral periapical radiographs. It begins by defining an ideal radiograph and then discusses the types of artifacts including exposure, processing, and storage artifacts. The three main categories of errors are operator and technique errors, exposure errors, and processing errors. Specific examples of each type of artifact and error are provided like blank images from exposure errors, staining from processing errors, and metallic artifacts from storage. The take home message is the importance of learning from mistakes to improve radiographic quality.
IDEAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS RELATED TO THE RADIATION BEAM
FACTORS RELATED TO THE OBJECT
FACTORS RELATED TO THE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS RELATED TO RECORDING OF THE ROENTGEN IMAGE OF THE OBJECT
DARK/ LIGHT IMAGE IDEAL IMAGE
IDEAL QUALITY CRIETRIA
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
IDEAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS RELATED TO THE RADIATION BEAM
FACTORS RELATED TO THE OBJECT
FACTORS RELATED TO THE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS RELATED TO RECORDING OF THE ROENTGEN IMAGE OF THE OBJECT
DARK/ LIGHT IMAGE IDEAL IMAGE
IDEAL QUALITY CRIETRIA
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
Bisecting angle vs paralleling technique /orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Bisecting angle vs paralleling technique /orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References
3. INTRODUCTION • Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . • This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography.
4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION • Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography • based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. • OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source.
5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography
6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough
7. IMAGE LAYER • Also known as focal trough • It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. • The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. • OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. • This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used.
8. FOCAL TROUGH
9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change.
10. PANORAMIC UNIT
11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system
12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls
13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: • Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head • Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays • Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit • Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation
1
A detailed presentation on the contemporary (presently preferred), conventional and potential modalities of caries diagnosis in the vast and developing world of dentistry.
This slide was prepared in conjunction with Dr. Janhavi Rajput & Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia.
Hope this presentation brings clarification and light to the detailed topic.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
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Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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3. INTRODUCTION
When satisfactory x-ray machine, film and darkroom
equipment are available and properly used, radiographic
quality depends on the ability of the clinician to expose
the film properly. The understanding of film exposure
technique is based on knowledge of an ideal radiograph.
4. Ideal radiograph is one which has desired density and
overall blackness and which shows the part completely
without distortion with maximum details and has the
right amount of contrast to make the details fully
apparent
(H.M Worth)
8. What are ARTIFACT????
• An unwanted density on the radiograph that
interferes with diagnosis
Or
• Any optical density that is not an anatomy
• Can be controlled when the cause is identified.
• Due to equipment pitfalls.
• Film emulsions and packaging
• Exposure artifacts
• Processing
9. What are errors ?
Mistake Is Not A Mistake Till U Don't Do It
Instead Doing It Not Is A Bigger Mistake
Life Is All About Learning From Mistakes
Making Errors/Mistake Are Part Of Life
10. NEED TO CHECK
•Film placement technique
•Exposure
•Darkroom processing
solution sequence
ERROR
Blank image
11. The majority of the errors produced can be
categorized into groups:
I. Operator and Technique
II. Exposure errors
III. processing errors
IV.Radiographic artifacts
30. •Reversed film(Herring bone
effect tyre track
appearance)
•Double image
•Apices cut off•Dot artifact
•Dropped film corner•Crown not shown
(Specific region not
showing)
Flim placement errors
63. Exposure and processing artifact
• Black line
• Black spot
• Black crescent
• Static smudge
• Static tree
• Black patch
• White spot
• Air bubbles
• Streaking
• Lightening bolt type
• Phalangioma
74. Storage and handling artifact
• Brittleness on radiograph
• Finger prints
• finger nail
• Clip mark
• Black area
• Metallic silver artifact
• Vigorous staining
86. Learn from the mistakes
of other we won’t live
long enough to make all
by ourself“”
Chanakya
87. • PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL
IMAGING – by Langland and
Langlais
• DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY AND
RADIOLOGY- by Eric whites
• ORAL RADIOLOGY PRINCIPLES
AND INTERPRETATIONS –by
White and Pharaoh
• TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL AND
MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY –by
Freny R. Karjodkar
REFERENCES
88. Dr. SANGEETA MALIK
Senior lecture Dept. of Oral medicine and Radiology (SDC)
Dr. SUMIT GOEL
Senior lecturer Dept. of Oral medicine and Radiology (SDC)
Dr . SWATI GOEL
Senior Lecturer Dept of oral medicine and radiology (SDC)
ALL POST GRADUATES
Dept of oral medicine and radiology (SDC)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Editor's Notes
an object formed by humans, particularly one of the interest to archaeologists
Is the appearance of the interproximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth over each other. This is due to improper Horizontal Angulation due to improper alignment of the Central Ray through the contact points i.e. not parallel to interproximal surfaces
correction:keep unexposed and exposed flim in different receptacle and label exposed
Over development
Inadequate fixation
Developer temperature too high
Accidental expose to light & improper safe light
Correction-
Use time temperature method
Lower temperature to 70degree celcius
Use all safety precaution
Maintain safe light as per recommended requirments
Sudden extreme temperature changes in processing
Or weakened fixer solution
Correction-
Maintain uniform processing temperature
Replace fixer solution
Abrasion of Image during processing or due to prlong water wash
When
Due to dirty roller or freign material on roller rough spot on roller
Correction film handling is extreamly sensitive process particularly before and after processing good habit in gental handling of film must be practice
Automatic developers have a "dark box" with hand holes in the side. The film is unwrapped in the dark box. If light can enter the box through the wrist-holes, this pattern commonly emerges. Dark areas appear where light reaches the film. Normal areas are where the fingers and thumbs were holding the film during unwrapping, protecting it from the light
Dust particles on finished image causes emulsion peel
Crescent shaped black lines - i) fingernail pressure on the film
ii) excessive bending the film. Crescent shaped white lines - cracked intensifying screen
e
Failure to agitate during development
Insufficient fixing
Contaminated was water
Corrections
Agitate films on immersing them in the developer
Use time temperature method for processing
Wash flim in fresh running water
