The classical GI hormones are secreted by epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach and small intestine. These hormone-secreting cells - endocrinocytes - are interspersed among a much larger number of epithelial cells that secrete their products (acid, mucus, etc.) into the lumen or take up nutrients from the lumen. GI hormones are secreted into blood, and hence circulate systemically, where they affect function of other parts of the digestive tube, liver, pancreas, brain and a variety of other targets.
Pantothenic acid
is a vitamin, also known : (pantothenate or vitamin B calcium pantothenate.)
pantothenic acid is an essential vitamin that the body does not produce
chemistry: Pantothenic acid is the amide between pantoic acid and β-alanine.
C9H17NO5
The classical GI hormones are secreted by epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach and small intestine. These hormone-secreting cells - endocrinocytes - are interspersed among a much larger number of epithelial cells that secrete their products (acid, mucus, etc.) into the lumen or take up nutrients from the lumen. GI hormones are secreted into blood, and hence circulate systemically, where they affect function of other parts of the digestive tube, liver, pancreas, brain and a variety of other targets.
Pantothenic acid
is a vitamin, also known : (pantothenate or vitamin B calcium pantothenate.)
pantothenic acid is an essential vitamin that the body does not produce
chemistry: Pantothenic acid is the amide between pantoic acid and β-alanine.
C9H17NO5
Practical guide to the identification and treatment of hormonal imbalance obe...Jeonhee Jang
Practical guide to the identification and treatment of hormonal imbalance obesity body shapes in 8 extraordinary meridians
Body reshaping through muscle and skin meridian therapy
6 body types
Union Square Acupuncture clinic
Jeonhee Jang
Moxibustion and Acupuncture
Ja-Hun (Hyperthermal therapy for urogenital and rectal area) is the one of treatment methods handed down from ancient Asia. Ja-Hun is not just using heat for therapy alone but also combining with well known Traditional Eastern Medicinal herb, Moxa (Mugwort). Heat has long been recognized as an effective tool for pain management and relaxing muscle and managing of hemorrhoids.
Source of Hope Foundation's mission is to help people in desperate need through a holistic approach that supplies sustainable aid in the form of food, water, health care, education and micro-finance.
The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract—also called the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. ... The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
The Human Digestive Organs and its function making it a System.pptxALVINMARCDANCEL2
This is a comprehensive powerpoit presentation on the parts and functions of digestive system.Human digestive system, system used in the human body for the process of digestion. The human digestive system consists primarily of the digestive tract, or the series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The system also consists of the structures through which wastes pass in the process of elimination and of organs that contribute juices necessary for the digestive process.
In order to function properly, the human body requires nutrients. Some such nutrients serve as raw materials for the synthesis of cellular materials, while others help regulate chemical reactions or, upon oxidation, yield energy. Many nutrients, however, are in a form that is unsuitable for immediate use by the body; to be useful, they must undergo physical and chemical changes, which are facilitated by digestion.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Nutrition week2
1. 9/15/2011
Nutrition
Introduction of digestion, absorption
and metabolism
Digestion
• Catabolism
1
2. 9/15/2011
Prenatal Development
• 1st Trimester : Gut
• 2nd Trimester: Liver
Intestines, ST develop
Rapidly
• 3rd Trimester: week21
- Fetus taking amnionic
Fluid (small amount of
Sugar)
• Fatal Stool : meconium
Prenatal Development
• Cleft plates
• Spina Bifida
• CEREBRAL PALSY
2
3. 9/15/2011
Cleft plates
• Reduced significantly through maternal
supplementation of folic acid.
Spina Bifida
• Reduced significantly through maternal
supplementation of multivitamins with folic
acid.
3
4. 9/15/2011
Cerebral palsy
• MAGNESIUM LINKED TO LOWER INCIDENCE
OF CEREBRAL PALSY
Remember what we ate.
4
5. 9/15/2011
Baby, Kids, Adults..
•Baby Kids Adults Aged
Yang Yin
Zhang Organ Fu Organ
Upper Lower
Organs of the gastrointestinal tract
• Salivary gland
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Liver/Gall Bladder
• Small Bowel
• Large Bowel
5
6. 9/15/2011
Salivary Gland
• Saliva
• Digestion – amylase, lipase(baby)
• Disinfectants
• Hormonal function Gustin hormone –
development taste bud
• Non-physiological use
TCM and Bio
• The saliva stimulated by sympathetic
innervation is thicker, and saliva stimulated
parasympathetically is more watery.
• TCM
• Thick Saliva – KI
• Watery Saliva – SP
6
8. 9/15/2011
Chemical Digestion
• Liver / Gall Bladder : Bile Salt – emulsify fat
globules
• Small Intestine : Degradation (Protein, Fat ;
lipids, some Carbohydrates)
• --- Absoprtion (Iron; Duodenum,
• Vit B12, Bile Salt; Terminal of ileum…)
Small Intestine
• The large surface area of the small intestine
facilitates absorption of nutrients into
cardiovascular system(Glucose and amino
acids) and lymphatic system(fats).
8
9. 9/15/2011
Large Intestine
• The large intestine dose not produce digestive
enzymes; it absorbs water, salts, and some
vitamins.
• - Bacteria ; Escherichia coli
• Vitamin K
Protein
9
11. 9/15/2011
Digestive enzyme
• Secrets from
• - Salivary Gland
• - Stomach
• - Pancreas
• - Small Intestine
D.E. in Salivary Gland
• Bromelaine tenderizes meat and acts as an
anti-inflamatory agent.
• Betaine effects cell fluid balance as osmolytes
• Salivary Amylase (also known as ptyalin)
(Mouth) produced by salivary glands breaks
down starch into sugar.
11
12. 9/15/2011
D.E. in Stomach
• Pepsin is the main gastric enzyme. It breaks proteins
into smaller peptide fragments. It is secreted by gastric
glands.
• Gelatinase, degrades type I and type V gelatin and type
IV and V collagen, which are proteoglycans in meat.
• Gastric amylase degrades starch, but is of minor
significance.
• Gastric lipase is a tributyrase by its biochemical activity,
as it acts almost exclusively on tributyrin, a butter fat
enzyme.
• Rennin enzyme change the liquid milk to solid.
D.E in pancreas
• Trypsin breaks down proteins at the basic
amino acids
• Chymotrypsin – proteolysis
• Carboxypeptidase - protease that takes off the
terminal acid group from a protein
• Steapsin - degrades triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol
• Elastase, nuclease, Pancreatic amylase
12
13. 9/15/2011
D.E. in Small Bowls
• The small intestine receives lipase, trypsin and
amylase from the pancreas (Duodenum)
• Sucrase
• Maltase
• Isomaltase
• Lactase
• Lipase
• peptidase
Fluids Movement in the GI tract
13
14. 9/15/2011
GI Tract Functions
•Digestion -breakdown of complex
macromolecules to di &
monomericmolecules.
•Absorption-fuels traverse GI track to cells
& tissues of the body.
•Fuel sources.
–Carbohydrates.
–Lipids.
–Proteins.
14
15. 9/15/2011
TCM words for digestion
Controls Rotting and Ripening of Food
Governs transformation and transportation
Controls Receiving and Transforming
to receive food and fluids from the Small Intestine,
re-absorb some of the fluids then excrete the
remainder as feces.
spreading Qi aids the Spleen and Stomach's
digestive functions, and is important to ensure
harmonious Qi movement in Middle Burner
Five element: Wood controls Earth.
Stagnant Liver Qi can obstruct bile flow
15
17. 9/15/2011
Vitamin Absorption
• Duodenum absorbs Vitamins A and B1, iron, calcium
•
Jejunum copper, zinc, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
phosphorus, iodine, iron, fat-soluble Vitamins D, E, and
K, most of the B complex, Vitamin C
•
Ileum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium,
magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, Vitamins C, D, E, K,
B1, B2, B6, B12, and most of the water.
•
Colon absorbs sodium, potassium, water, acids
vitamins synthesized by bacteria (biotin and Vitamin K).
Plant, Human and Earth
• Earth Gravity
• Plant ingestion excretion
• Human ingestion excretion
• Any difference?
17
