Management involves planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling the work of group members to achieve organizational goals. It is defined as the process of forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling organizational resources to determine and accomplish objectives. Management occurs at three levels - top level focuses on intellectual skills, middle level on human skills, and first level on technical skills. It has the key functions of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. Management principles include division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, and subordination of individual interests.

2. MANAGEMENT
• Concept.
• Definition.
• Levels.
• Nature.
• Characteristics.
• Functions.
• Importance.
• Principles.

3.  Management is the art of getting things
done by a group of people with the
effective utilisation of available
resources.An individual cannot be treated
as a managing body running any
organisation .A minimum two persons are
essential to form a management .These
persons perform the functions in order to
achieve the objective of an organization.

4. DEFINITION OF
MANAGEMENT
• Management is the process and agency which
directs and guides the operations of an
organisation in realising established aims.
_O Tead
“To manage is to forecast and plan , to
organize ,to compound, to coordinate and to
control.”
_ By Hennery Fayol

5. LEVELS OF
MANAGEMENT

6. LEVELS OF
MANAGEMENT
• Top levelManagement- More intellectual
skills are required eg.MS, Dean,
• Middle levelManagement-More human skills
are required eg. . Principal of college, Nursing
superintendent
• First Management or operating Management
level-More technical skills are required
eg. ward sisters ,Tutors ,lecturers

7. Three skills
•Intellectual skill,
•Human skill ,
•Technical Skill.

8. NATURE OF
MANAGEMENT
• Management as a science & an art
• Managemen as a profession.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
MANAGEMENT
• Art as well as science .
• Management is an activity.
• Management is an continuous process.
• Management achieving pre-determined
objectives.
• Organized activities.
• Management is a factor of production.
• Management as a system of activity.
• Management is a discipline .
• Management is a purposeful activity.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF
MANAGEMENT
• Management aims at maximizing profit.
• Decision making.
• Management is a profession.
• Universal application.
• Management is a getting things done.
• Management as a class or a team.
• Management as a career.
• Direction and control.
• Dynamic.
• Management is needed at all levels.
• Leadership quality .

11. FUNCTIONS
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12. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
• Usually the functions of management is Planning,
organizing , directing, co-ordinating , and
controlling are referred to in the management
literature as the functions of the management
process.
• Other functions :-
– Motivating or actuating:-
– Innovation
– Representation:-
– Decision making:-
– Communication:-

13. IMPORTANCE OF
MANAGEMENT• Management meets the challenge of change
• Accomplishment of group goals
• Effective utilization Resource
• Effective functioning
• Sound organization structure.
• Management directs the organization.
• Integrates various interests
• Stability
• Innovation
• Co-ordination and team spirit
• Tackling problems
• A tool for personality development

14. Principles of
management
• Division of work-It applies to all kind of work,
managerial as well as technical .It is is the principle
of specialisation.
• Authority, responsibility & accountability-Fayol
held that authority flows from responsibility.
• Discipline- memebers of the organization are
required to perform their function and conduct
themselves in relation to others according to rules,
norms, and customs.
• Unity of command-This principle holds that one
employee should have only one boss & receive
instructions from same only.

15. Principles Contd.
• Unity of direction- This mean that all managerial &
operational activities which relate a distinct group with
the same objective should be directed by” one group &
one plan”
• Subordination of individual interest to organizational
interest-The interest of the organization is above the
interests of the individual & the group. eg.It can be achieved
only when managers in high position in the organization set
an example of honesty, integrity, fairness and justice.
• Remuneration of personnel-Employees should paid
fairly and equitably. and according to job differentiation

16. Principles Contd.
• Centralization-
• Scalar chain of command- Fayol explains as superiors &
subordinates running throughout the organization from top to
bottom.
• Order-Means right person on the right job and everything in its
proper place.
• Equity-It means that subordinates should be treated with
justice and kindliness.
• Stability of tenure of personnel-The managerial policies
should provide a sense of reasonable job security.
• Initiative-It focuses on the ability , attitude and
resourcefulness to act without prompting from others.
Managers should create an environment which encourages
their subordinates to take initiative and responsibility.
• Esprit de corps-cohesiveness and team spirit should be
encouraged among employees

17. Principles Contd.
• some other principles:-
• The coordinative principle
• The functional principle
• The staff phase of the functional principle-
division of labour, functional specialisation

19. THANK
YOU
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