Management-CHAPTER-I

1. NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Mrs. Debajani Sahoo

2. Meaning of management:
• Management is the art of getting things done by
a group of people with the effective utilisation of
available resources.
• An individual cannot be treated as a managing
body running any organisation.
• A minimum two persons are essential to form a
management.
• These persons perform the functions in order to
achieve the objective of an organization.

3. Definition:-
• Hennery Fayol,
– “To manage is to forecast and plan , to
organize , to compound, to coordinate and to
control.”
• Harold Koontz,
– “management is the art of getting things done
through and with an informally organized
group.”

4. • John Mee F,(1963)
– “management may be defined as the art of
securing maximum results with a minimum of
effort so as to secure maximum prosperity
and happiness for both employer and
employee and give the public the best
possible service”

6. Levels of Management:-
• Top Management level- More intellectual skills
are required eg. Principal of college,Nursing
superintendent
• Middle Management level- More human skills
are required eg. Tutors
• First Management or operating Management
level- More technical skills are required eg. ward
sisters .managers & administrators belongs to
these three category requires three skills ;
Intellectual skill, human skill , Technical Skill.

8. Intellectual skill:-
• The Thinking skill-
both critical and
analytical.
• Conceptual skill-
ability to formulate
concepts.
• Decision Making
skills.

9. Human skill
Human skills are the
skills concerned with
effective communication,
empathy, understanding
, building a harmonious
interpersonal
relationship, developing
the potentials of each
member of the
organization according
to individual capabilities,
and moving with
objectives.

11. Technical Skills
• Technical skills are
concerned
with dexterity, Professi
onal skills and
expertise.
• clinical examination of
patents, Bio-chemical
examinations,
administration of
injection etc. are the
examples of technical
skills.

12. Nature of management
a
science
an
art
a
profession

13. Management as a science-
• Development of management as a science is of
recent origin, ever though its practice is ages
old.
• Fredric w. Taylor was the first manager-theorist
who made significant contributions to the
development of management as a science.
• He used the scientific method of analysis,
observation, as he was, he distilled certain
fundamental principles and profound the theory
and principles of scientific management .
• His work was followed by many others including
Gant, Emerson, Fayol, Barnard etc.

14. Management as an art-
• Just as an engineer uses the science of engineering
while building a bridge, a manager uses the
knowledge of management theory while performing
his managerial functions.
• Engineering is a science; its application to the
solution of practical problems is an art.
• Similarly, management as a body of knowledge & a
discipline is a science; its application to the solution
of organizational problems is an art.

15. • The practice of management ,like the
practice of medicine, is firmly grounded in
an identifiable body of concepts, theories
and practice
• eg. -A medical practitioner does not base
his diagnosis and prescription on the
science of medicine, endangers the life of
his patients.

16. Management as profession-
• We often hear professionalism of management
in our country. By a professional manager, We
generally mean a manager who undertakes
management as a carrier and is not interested in
acquiring ownership.
• The question is management a profession in
the true sense of word? or is management a
profession like medicine ,Nursing, law.

17. • According to Mc. Farland a profession possesses the
following characteristics-
– a body of principles,
– techniques, skills, &
– specialized knowledge,
– Formalised method of acquiring the experience ,
– the establishment of a representative organization with
professional as its goal,
– the formulation of ethical codes for the guidance of conduct,
– the charging of fees based on the nature of services.
• Management is a profession to the extent it fulfills the above
criteria . It is a profession in the sense that there is a
systematized body of management & it is a distinct ,
identifiable discipline.

18. Characteristics or features of management:-
1. Art as well as science
2. Management is an activity
3. Management is an continuous
process
4. Management achieving pre-
determined objectives
5. Organized activities
6. Management is a factor of
production
7. Management as a system
of activity
8. Management is a discipline
9. Management is a
purposeful activity.
10. Management is a distinct entity.
11. Management aims at
maximizing profit
12. Decision making
13. Management is a profession
14. Universal application
15. Management is a getting things
done.
16. Management as a class or a
team.
17. Management as a career.
18. Direction and control.
19. Dynamic.
20. Management is needed at all
levels.
21. Leadership quality .

19. Functions of Management:-
‘PO-DCO—‘
• Usually the actions of manager Planning,
organizing , directing, co-ordinating, and
controlling are referred to in the management
literature as the functions of the management
process.
• Scolars in the field of management have their
own functions of management .Some scolars
add few functions and some delete some other
functions .

20. The important functions of
Management.
• Professor Luther Gullick (1937)- summed up
certain principles or elements OR functions in
the word “POSDCORB”.
1. “P” stands for planning that is working out a
broad out line.
2. “O” stands for organizing. This is the
establishment of the formal structure of authority
through which work of subdivisions are arranged,
defined & co-ordinated for the defined objectives.

21. 3. “S” stands for staffing. That is the whole
personnel function of bringing in & training the staff
& maintaining favorable conditions of work.
4. “D” stands for directing, that is the continuous
task of making decision & embodying them, in
specific & general orders & instructions & serving
as leader of the enterprise.
5. “CO” stands for co-ordinating. That is all
important duty of interrelating the various parts of
the work & eliminating of overlapping & conflict.

22. 6. “R” stands for reporting. That is keeping those to
whom the executive is responsible informed as to
what is going on, which thus includes keeping
himself & his subordinates informed through
records, research & inspection.
7. “B” stands for budgeting. With all that goes with
budgeting in the form of fiscal planning, accounting
& control.

23. Other functions :-
Motivating
or actuating
Controlling Innovation
Representation
Decision
making
Communication

24. IMPORTANCE OF
MANAGEMENT-
• Management meets the
challenge of change
• Accomplishment of group
goals
• Effective utilization of
business
• Effective functioning of
business
• Resource development
• Sound organization structure.
• Management directs the
organization.
• Integrates various interests
• Stability
• Innovation
• Co-ordination and team
spirit
• Tackling problems
• A tool for personality
development

25. Principles of management:-
1. Division of work-It applies to all kind of
work, managerial as well as technical .tis is
the principle of specialisation.
2. Authority, responsibility & accountability-
Fayol held that authority flows
from responsibility.
3. Discipline-memebers of the organization
are required to perform their function and
conduct themselves inrelation to others
according to rules, norms, and customs.

26. 4. Unity of command-This principle holds that one
employee should have only one boss 7 receive
instructions from same only.
5. Unity of direction- This mean that all managerial &
operational activities which relate a distinct group
with the same objective should be directed by” one
group & one plan”
6. Subordination of individual interest to
organizational interest-The interest of the
organization is above the interests of the individual &
the group.
eg.It can be achieved only when managers in high
position in the organization set an example of
honesty, integrity, fairness and justice.

27. 7. Remuneration of personnel-Employees should
paid fairly and equitably. and according to job
differentiation.
8. Centralization-
9. Scalar chain of command-Fayol explains as
superiors & subordinates running throughout the
organization from top to bottom.
10. Order-Means right person on the right job and
everything in its proper place.
11. Equity-It means that subordinates should be
treated with justice and kindliness.

28. 12. Stability of tenure of personnel-The managerial
policies should provide a sense of reasonable job
security.
13. Initiative-It focuses on the ability , attitude and
resourcefulness to act without prompting from
others. Managers should create an environment
which encourages their subordinates to take
initiative and responsibility.
14. Esprit de corps-cohesiveness and team spirit
should be encouraged among employees.

29. some other principles:-
• The coordinative principle
• The scalar principle
• The functional principle
• The staff phase of the functional
principle

30. HOW MANAGEMENT IS DIFFERENT FROM
ADMINISTRATION:
• Management implements the policy and achieve the
objectives.
• Directly involves in the execution of plan and achieving
objectives.
• Main functions-Direction, motivation, and control
• Levels of executives i.e manager, Supervisor, workers
• Acts as a agency
• Requires technical ability more than administration
ability.

31. The MANAGER-
• Management is a creative process which integrate and
uses various available resources effectively to
accomplish certain goals.For which ,an individual is
responsible to develop ideas and get things done
through others .
• Manager is not actually do the work but guide others to
do things correctly.
• eg;-manager has not built factory uses or install
machines & operate them or sell goods in the market.
Primary job of a manager the management of people