This presentation deals with a technology for formed coke production. Milestones in the development of this technology are summarized. Then, the equipment and the process are described. The environmental impact is briefly addressed. The products obtained along the processes, including char, gas, liquids and coke are characterized, and possible applications are mentioned. As an example, an economical evaluation of a given project is detailed. Finally, a coke cost exercise is carried out.

1. NUENERGYTM – Cokemaking
Technology for Current Challenges
Mariano de Cordova (NUENERGY Argentina);
Dicky Walia (NUENERGY USA); Jorge Madias
(Metallon); Alfredo Fernandez (NUENERGY
Mexico)

2. NUENERGYTM Technology
• Content
– Introduction
– Process and Equipment
– Environmental Impact
– Products and Applications
– NUCARBONTM Project Evaluation
– NUCOKETM Cost Evaluation
– Conclusions

3. Introduction
• NUENERGYTM fundamentals:
- Use of thermal and sub bituminous coals to produce a solid fuel
(NUCARBONTM ) and liquid (NULITETM) and gaseous by-products with
significant cost reduction
– Use of NUCARBONTM to produce formed coke (NUCOKETM) in a
continuous process, that can be easily adapted to variations in coke
demand
– Reduction of CAPEX and OPEX, as needed by the steel industry
– Comply current environmental standards

4. Introduction
• NUENERGYTM Milestones
– 1988-1990: First equipment and batch process testing
– 1991-2000 10 t per day pilot plant in Bristol, Virginia, USA
– 2000-2005 Progress in research and development in pilot plant
– 52 coals tested
– 2006-2009 Pilot plant in Conway, Arkansas, USA; briquetting and char
calcining for formed coke at General Shale Brick Plant, Virginia, USA
– 2010 test-license to ArcelorMittal to test NUENERGYTM technology
– 2012 Pyrolyzer Furnace Apparatus and Method for Operations
patented
– 2013 Method of Making Char patented; exploring options to build a
50,000 tpa plant

5. Process and Equipment
• NUENERGYTM - two step process
– First Process involves the production of:
• NUCARBONTM [Char]
• NULITETM[Coal Liquids]
• Uncondensed Methane Gas
– Second Process involves the production of
• NUCOKETM[Formed Coke]

6. Process and Equipment
• Process 1
– Stocking and milling of coal
– Coal drying, by means of an endless screw
• heat being produced by a combustor burning part of the clean gas
produced in the process
– Coal pyrolysis in twin screws, heating coal to 427 ºC – 650 ºC, in
absence of air, with low heating rate, to preserve the quality of
condensed liquids
• heat obtained by burning part of the clean gas produced
– Char cooling to below 260º C, in an endless screw, with water
– Char grinding
– Treatment of raw gas by means of a primary condenser to
recover tar and a tower to recover BTX-containing light oil

7. Process and Equipment
• Process 1 – Coal Stocking and Preparation

8. Process and Equipment
• Process 1 - Coal Drying, Pyrolysis, Off Gas Condensation &
NUCARBONTM Cooling

9. Process and Equipment
• Process 1 – Treatment of Raw Gas

10. Process and Equipment
• Data and Results of Tested Coals
Coal Name Pocahontas 3 Teco Myra PRB
Coal type
Bituminous, low
volatile
Thermal coal
Sub-
Bituminous
Properties Coal Char Coal Char Coal Char
Moisture (%) 6.40 0.27 3.0 1.3 27.1 0.1
Volatile matter, dry base (%) 17.39 5.36 35.2 8.4 45.8 7.7
Fixed carbon, dry base (%) 74.92 86.11 56.1 82.0 44.7 77.4
Ash, dry base (%) 7.69 8.53 8.7 9.6 9.5 14.9
Sulfur (%) 0.69 0.66 0.88 0.79 0.35 0.57
Heat Value, dry base
(Btu/lb.)
14,452 13,967
14,35
4
11,449
12,50
8
ηchar (%) 100 81.6 100 70.2 100 34.8
ηliquids(%) N/D 100 14.7 N/D
ηclean gas (%) N/D 100 12.1 N/D
Water vapor (%) N/D 100 3.0 N/D
Total (%) 100 100

11. Process & Equipment
• Flow chart - Energy and Material Balance for Teco Myra Coal
COAL
GRINDING
COAL
DRYING
COAL
PYROLYSIS NUCARBONTM
MOISTURE
CLEAN
PROCESS
GAS
RAWGASTREATMENT NULITETM
CLEANAVAILABLEGAS
2000 lb
1 TON COAL
100%
60 lb 3%
97% 70.20%
1404 lb / 0.700 t1940 lb
536 lb 26.80%
2 mmBTU
5 mmBTU
241.20 lb 12.06%
294.80 lb / 1 BARREL
14.70%
3 mmBTU

12. Process & Equipment
• Process 2
– Silos for NUCARBONTM, fines, coking coal and binder
– Dosing and mixing. For good quality coke, a typical mix is 60%
NUCARBONTM, 30% coking coal and 10% tar pitch
– Briquetting of the mix
– Coking in a continuous tunnel oven, with several heating zones,
where the green briquettes, charged in ceramic wagons, are
calcined to around 1100 ºC
– The formed coke exits the tunnel furnace and enters the
quenching tower
– The gas produced in the process can be reused as a source of
process heat

13. Process & Equipment
• Process 2

14. Process & Equipment
• Process 2 – Block Diagram

15. Environmental Impact
• Emissions of particulate matter and raw gas to the environment,
associated with charging and discharging operations in conventional
ovens, are minimized, as the process is continuous and closed
• To keep gaseous emissions and particulate matter below admissible
limits, an incinerator, a demister and a scrubber are used
• CO2 generation is small, because moisture and volatile matter are
removed from coal
• 100% of mercury in coal (70 ppb) is removed to the raw gas
• EPA qualifies this process as “a conversion of the coking type coal
into three distinct new fuels forms of enhanced value and such
should be classified as fuel conversion plant under 40CFR, Section
52.21 (b)(l)(iii)(q)” in relation to air quality

16. Products & Applications
• NUCARBONTM vs. Anthracite
Property
NUCARBONTM
Teco Myra coal
Anthracite
Moisture (%) 1.3 5.3
Volatile matter, dry base (%) 8.4 6.9
Ashes, dry base (%) 9.6 14.9
Fixed carbon, dry base (%) 82.0 78.2
Sulfur (%) 0.79 0.65
Grindability Index (GI) 45-50 45
Bulk density (kg/m3) 450-600 839
Mercury (ppb) 0 70
Thermal properties
Lower Calorific Value, dry base
(Btu/lb.)
14,354 12,308
Ignition temperature (ºC) 570 630
Reactivity, Critical Air Blast (l/min) 0,017 0.039
Loss on Ignition (LOI) Smaller Larger
Price (USD/t) 0–15* 225-250
* Price after sales of byproducts (NULITETM + clean gas)

17. Products & Applications
• Applications, replacing anthracite, thermal coal or petroleum coke
– Fuel in power stations
– As a carburizer in steel ladles and foaming slag agent in EAFs
– For pulverized coal injection in blast furnaces (PCI)
– As fuel and reducing agent in DRI rotary kilns
– Raw material for NUCOKETM
– Absorbing agent for removal of heavy metals in wastewater
– For economical substitution of activated carbon
• Commercial organizations that could be interested are
– Mining companies, to add value to their products
– Iron & steel corporations, to ensure a reliable supply of NUCOKETM
and NUCARBONTM

18. Products & Applications
• NUCOKETM vs. Conventional Coke
Properties NUCOKETM Conventional coke
Moisture (%) 2 max. 5-7
Volatile matter (%) 0.5-1.0 1.0 max.
Ash (%) 7 8
Fixed carbon (%) 92 91
Sulfur (%) 0.6 0.7
Bulk density (lb./cubic
feet)
38 29
Stability (%) 61-66 58
Hardness (%) 69 67
CSR, NSC (%) 65-74 55 min.
CRI, NSC (%) 24-31 32 max.

19. Cost Evaluation
• Basis:
Raw materials USD/t U/0.8 t NUCOKETM USD/0.8 t NUCOKETM
NUCARBONTM 0 0.6 0
Coking coal 200 0.3 60
Binder 450 0.1 45
Operating cost 16
Total cost USD/0.8 t NUCOKETM 121
Total cost USD/t NUCOKETM 151.25
Raw materials USD/t U/t NUCARBONTM USD/t NUCARBONTM
Thermal coal 60 1.43 86
Operating cost 25
Total cost USD/t NUCARBONTM 111
Credits: (NULITETM )100 USD/barrel x 1 barrel/t -100
Credits: (Methane) 4 USD /mmBTU x 3 mmBTU/t -12
Final Cost / t NUCARBONTM 0

20. Conclusions
• NUENERGYTM technology produces NUCARBONTM [char] and NULITETM
[light crude oil] with a proven process and equipment commercially
available, with several tests to guarantee the yield
• NUCARBONTM is a carbon-rich product, which can be applied as a fuel in
power stations, for slag foaming in EAFs and as a recarburizer in steel
ladles, replacing anthracite or petroleum coke
• The cost of NUCARBONTM , after sales of byproducts (NULITETM and gas) is
practically zero, what makes the project very attractive
• NUCOKETM is a product that can be used as fuel and reducing agent in
blast furnaces, and as fuel in cupolas, replacing conventionally produced
coke at lower cost
• NULITETM is a BTX-rich process byproduct (light oil) that can be used in
refineries, mixed with oil, to produce gasoline and diesel oil
• The process generates enough gas to satisfy process needs and sales the
balance as a byproduct, improving the economical equation of the process

21. Thank you for your attention!
Mariano de Cordova, Dicky Walia, Jorge Madias, Alfredo Fernandez
dwalia@metcokeconsultans.com