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NSAID's.pptx
NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that work by inhibiting the COX enzyme and subsequent production of prostaglandins. They have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. COX enzymes come in three types, with COX-1 found in normal tissues and COX-2 induced during inflammation. NSAIDs work by blocking COX receptors, preventing prostaglandin formation and thereby reducing pain, fever, and swelling. Common NSAID types include non-selective COX inhibitors like aspirin and ibuprofen, and selective COX-2 inhibitors like celecoxib. Side effects can include gastric irritation and ulceration.
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NSAID's.pptx
- 1. NSAIDS (Non-steroidal Anti InflammatoryDrugs) • Also called Non narcotics or non Opioids or COX inhibitors. • They have following effects (3A’s) • Anti-inflammatory, (high dose) • Antipyretic, • Analgesics. • Primary action peripheral pain mechanism • Secondary action on CNS By:- Ravikant Sir
- 2. NSAIDS • They inhibitsynthesis of Prostaglandin by blocking cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme. COX is found in Endoplasmic reticulum of cells. • COX - I :- It is constitutive enzyme found in stomach, GI, kidney and platlets. (Normal constituent). • COX – II :- It is Inducible enzyme that induce pain inflammation by forming prostaglandins. • COX- III :- It is found in brain, heart aorta.
- 3. MECHANISM OF ACTION Cell-Injury/Phospholipids releases Arachidonic acid Cyclo oxygenase enzyme (COX-II) NSAIDS BLOCK COX RECEPTORS pathway Prostaglandin Inflammation/pain/swelling Thromboxane formed by platlets • Along with this mechanism mast cell release Histamin that increases capillary permeability, and due to clotting mechanism RBC Rouleaux formation started
- 4. ANTI- INFLAMMATORY EFFECT Theyinhibit cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, that produce Arachidonic acid into prostaglandins at injury site.
- 5. ANALGESIC EFFECT • Theyinhibit peripheral production of prostaglandin. • They also inhibit pain stimuli at sub cortical region. • They prevent action of prostaglandin on peripheral nerve stimulation.
- 6. ANTI- PYRETIC EFFECT •They inhibit production of prostaglandin induced by interleukins at hypothalamus. • Hypothalamus have centers for thermal regulation. • It results in Vasodilation and increased heat loss.
- 7. NSAID’S EXAMPLES TYPES OFNSAIDS Non – Selective Cox inhibitor Semi selective Cox inhibitor Selective Cox – 2 Inhibitor Poor Anti Inflammatory Aspirin (Acetyl salicylate) Ibuprofen Piroxicam Ketorolac Ketoprofen Mefenemic acid Diclofenac Nimusalide Acelofenac Celecoxib Parecoxib Etoricoxib Paracetamol Also known as Acetaminophen (Tylenol) N-Acetyl-para- aminophenol
- 8. NSAIDS – SIDEEFFECTS • Irritates gastric mucosa • Gastric ulcer • Epigastric distress • Nausea • Vomiting • Dyspepsia • Dizziness • Confusion.
- 9. ASPIRIN • Aspirin isalso called as Acetyl Salicylate • It has Analgesic, Antipyretic & Anti-Inflammatory effects. • It also act as Anti-Platelet medicine. It interferes the aggregation of platlets, so it can increase Bleeding time Twice of normal values.
- 10. USES OF ASPIRIN •ANALGESIC :- 300-600 mg for headache, neuralgias. • ANTI INFLAMMATORY :- Rheumatic fever & Rheumatic Arthritis :- 75 to 100 mg/kg/day • ANTI PYRETIC :- 300-600 mg for low grade fever. • ANTI PLATLET :- 75 to 100 mg daily aspirin. Used in case of heart attack or heart failure to prevent blood clotting.
- 11. ASPIRIN : contraindication •Aspirin is strictly contraindicated for children under 15 year of age. • It may cause a rare hepatic encephalopathy in childrens (Known as Reye’s Syndrome)