Neuro anatomy Meninges of brains, part of brain.

1. Sahil Rajput
M.b. gohil institute of
medical science
college of
physiotherapy
Neuro anatomy

2. 1.
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
Brain
Parts of the brain
Forebrain ( prosencephalon )
Cerebrum ( Telencephalon)
Diencephalon ( thalamencephalon )
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
Midbrain ( mesencephalon )
Hindbrain ( rhombencephalon )

4. Division of nervous
system

5. Cranial nerves

6. The nervous tissue is made up of :
1. Nerve cells or neurons
2. Neuroglial cells ( neuroglia )

7. . Neuron
Definition: Neurons (also called neurones or nerve cells) are the
fundamental units of the brain and nervous system.
Each neuron is made up of the following.
1. Cell body
2. Cell processes
a. Dendrites
b. Axon

9. Classification of neurons
According to the Number of their Processes
1. Multipolar neurons : Most of the neurons in human are Multipolar,.
2. Bipolar neurons : They are confined to the first neuron of the retina ,
ganglia of eighth cranial nerve, and the olfactory mucosa.
3. Pseudounipolar neurons : They are actually unipolar to begin with but
bipolar functionally and are dorsal nerve root of ganglia.
4. Unipolar neurons : They are present in the mesencephalic nucleus of
trigeminal nerve and also foetal life.

10. N e r v e c e l l b o d y
e a c h n e r v e c e l l h a s a c e l l b o d y c o n t a i n i n g a n u c l e u s , e n d o p l a s m i c r e t i c u l u m ,
r i b o s o m e s , G o l g i a p p a r a t u s , m i t o c h o n d r i a , a n d o t h e r o r g a n e l l e s .

11. Neuroglial cells
Definition : Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and
help them work the way they should.
-- The types of neuroglia include oligodendrocytes,
astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. Also called glial
cell.

12. .Meninges of
the brain
Definition: The three thin layers of
tissue that cover and protect the
brain and spinal cord.
Three membranous layer
A. The outer dura meter
B. The middle archnoid mater
C. The inner pia mater
The archnoid and pia mater are together
known as the leptomeninges.

13. The spaces in relation to Meninges are
a. Extradural/ epidural : Epidural space lies between the dura mater
and osteoligamentous structure lining the vertebral canal.
b. Subdural : subdural space, found between the dura mater and
arachnoid mater;
c. Subarchnoid : subarachnoid space, which is between the
arachnoid mater and pia mater.
The cerebrospinal fluid fills the subarchnoid space .
Soft tissue & hair covering of skull is called as scalp.

16. 1. Dura mater
> It is the outer membrane.
> Hard , tough , leather , Inflexible, Fibrous , sensitive membrane.
> Tough mother & protective membrane.
> Dura mater is made up of two layer :- i. Outer endosteal layer . ii. Inner
meningeal layer .
> The meningeal layer forms 4 folds which divides the cranial cavity into
inner communicating compartment for different parts of brain.

17. . Falx cerebri :
> Sickle shaped
> Sickle shaped
> Seperate two cerebral hemisphere in a midline called as
longitudinal cerebral fissure/ medial cerebral fissure.
> Seperate two cerebral hemisphere in a midline called as
longitudinal cerebral fissure/ medial cerebral fissure.
:- Attachments
> Superior convex margins are attached to sides of the groove
loading the superior sagittal sinus.
> Superior convex margins are attached to sides of the groove
loading the superior sagittal sinus.
> Inferior concave margin is free Anterior attachment is to crista
Galli and frontal crest .
> Inferior concave margin is free Anterior attachment is to crista
Galli and frontal crest .
> Posterior attachment is to upper surface of cerebelli tentorium
> Posterior attachment is to upper surface of cerebelli tentorium
Venous sinuses enclosed
Venous sinuses enclosed
> Superior sagittal sinus
> Superior sagittal sinus
> Inferior sagittal sinus
> Inferior sagittal sinus
> Straight sinus
> Straight sinus

18. 2. Tentorium cerebelli
> Tent - shaped, seperates the cerebral hemisphere from hind brain and
lower part of midbrain.
> Lifts off the weight of occipital lobes from the cerebellum .

19. :- Attachments
> Has a free Anterior margin. Its ends are attached to Anterior clinoid
processes Rest free and concave posterior margin attached to the lip of
groove containing transverse sinuses
:- venous sinuses enclosed
Transverse sinuses, Superior petrosal sinuses
3. Falx cerebelli
> Small sickle shaped folds partly separating two cerebellar
hemispheres

20. :- Attachments
> Base is attached to posterior part of inferior surface of tentorium
cerebelli Apex reaches till foramen magnum
:- venous sinuses enclosed
Occipital sinus
4. Diaphragma sellae
> Small horizontal fold
:- Attachments
> Anterior attachment is to tuberculum sellae posterior attachment is to
dorsum sellae ; laterally continuous with dura mater of middle cranial
fossa.
Venous sinuses enclosed
Anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses

21. . Archnoid mater
> It is a thin transparent membrane that loosely surrounds the brain
without dipping into many of its sulci.
> It is separated from the dura by the subdural space , and the pia by
the subarchnoid space containing cerebrospinal fluid and blood
vessels.
> Archnoid villi are small, finger - like processes of archnoid tissue.
> They absorb CSF. With advancing age , the archnoid villi enlarge in
size to form pedunculated Tufts , called as archnoid granulation.

23. . Pia mater ( loving mother)
> The pia mater is a thin vascular membrane which invests the brain.
> On the cerebellum, pia mater dips and forms folds in relation to
larger fissures of cerebellum.
> It provides sheath for the cranial nerves merging with the
epineurium around them.
> Folds of pia mater enclosing of capillaries form the
telachoroidea.such pia mater lined by secretory ependyma forms the
choroid plexus.

26. Thank you