Impact Of Literacy Strategies On Student Performance In Social Studies At Primary Level by Noorulain Bhutto and Nadia Thalho

Title:
Impact of literacy strategies in social studies at primary level
Submitted By:
Noorulain Bhutto
Supervised
MS. Shahnaz Akhund
Lecturer’s
GECE (W) Hyderabad
Coordinator:
MS. NADIA THALHO
Instructor/Lecturer
Academic Year 2020-2021
GOVERNMENT ELEMENTARY COLLEGE OF DUCATION (W) HYDERABAD

i
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ..............................................................................................................i
CERTIFICATE....................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ v
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:- .................................................................................... 2
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:-............................................................................... 2
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:- .......................................................................................... 3
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:-................................................................................. 3
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:- ................................................................................... 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................................4
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK OF RESEARCH:-....................................................... 4
2.3 LITERACY STRATEGIES USE IN SOCIAL STUDIES:-........................................................ 5
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-...................................................................................... 6
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:-.................................................................................................6
3.2 Research framework................................................................................................ 8
3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN:-................................................................................................ 8
3.3.1 POPULATION OF THE STUDY:-............................................................................ 8
3.3.2 METHOD OF SAMPLING:-................................................................................... 9
3.3.4 SAMPLE SIZE:-...................................................................................................9
3.4 DATA COLLECTION:-............................................................................................. 9
3.5 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS:-...................................................................9
4. ACTIONS:COLLECTING DATA ANDMANAGINGTHE ANALYSISON ACTION RESEARCH
CYCLE ......................................................................................................................... 10
ACTION 1:- REPORT ON RECONNAISSANCE................................................................... 10
ACTION 2:-PORT OF PRE-OBSERVATION (CHECKLIST):-.................................................. 14
ACTION 3:-REPORTON DELIVERED SOCIALSTUDIES LESSONSWITH LITERACYSTRATEGIES
FOR THE INTERVENTIONS............................................................................................ 15
ACTION 4:-REPORT OF POST-OBSERVATION (CHECKLIST):- ............................................ 16
5. DISCUSSION:-.......................................................................................................... 17
5.1 REFLECTION:-........................................................................................................ 18
5.2 RECOMMENDATION:-............................................................................................ 19
REFERENCES................................................................................................................... 21

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APPENDIXA.................................................................................................................... 23
CONSENT LETTER............................................................................................................ 23
APPENDIX B.................................................................................................................... 24
TIME SPAN..................................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX C.................................................................................................................... 25
Interview Questions for Teacher...................................................................................... 25
APPENDIX D................................................................................................................... 27
Observational Checklist of Classroom(SST) for pre and post observation........................... 27
APPENDIX E.................................................................................................................... 28
PICTURES ....................................................................................................................... 28

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Noorulain Bhutto has conducted this
Action Research Project entitled “Impact of literacy strategies
in social studies at primary level” during the academic year
2020-2021, under the supervision of Ms Shahnaz Akhund
partial fulfillment for the degree of B.Ed. (Hons).
RESEARCH
SUPERVISOR
Ms SHAHNAZ AKHUND
Lecturer
GECE (W) Hyderabad
PRINCIPAL
GECE (W) Hyderabad

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises be to ALLAH, the lord of the world, he is the one who has love and teaches mankind
of the power of his love, and form’s ALLAH love, He sent the messenger Muhammad( peace be
upon him) to guide mankind from wickedness to the truth of Islam.
First of all, I am grateful to Allah Almighty and His
Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) who provided me strength and health to complete my
Action Research. I also must acknowledge those people who encouraged and supported me
during my research study
For the ancestors who paved the path before me upon whose shoulder I stand.
This is also dedicated to my family, specially my parents and siblings for their moral and
financial support in order to finish this study.
Thank you
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my co-coordinator MS. NADIA THALHO
and Supervisor Ms. Shahnaz akhund and also thankful of Research Team, for support,
collegiality, and mentorship, Assistance and supervision show me the way which is highly
appreciated.
Finally, I wish to thanks to my family, friends and loved ones for their patience and support.
NOORULAIN BHUTTO

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ABSTRACT
This action research study evaluated the effects of literacy strategies on academic achievement,
motivation, and engagement of social studies students at primary level. The purpose of this study
is that evaluated the effects incorporating literacy strategies included teaching students to
construct meaning, think critically, and builds content knowledge. Literacy strategies such as,
exit slips entrance, think-pair-share, kWL, Venn diagrams, concept maps, can help students learn
about complex social studies issues. Literacy strategies help teachers to make interest in students
and help them in succeed. The main idea of this study is explore the literacy (social studies)
strategies and check the performance through the implementation of literacy (social studies).
Qualitative method of research is applied and this research will be conducted in pc Urdu school
attached with G.E.C.E.(W) Hyderabad. Many teachers face challenges in early grades student
cannot develop the literacy skills because of typical vocabulary, planning and implementing
social curriculum students face problems in social studies because they are disengaged,
disinterested, and disconnected from classroom instruction, when researcher conduct the class
improving teaching of literacy across disciplines therefore enhances not only language learning
but also content learning and provide literacy strategies for enhancing student’s performance.
The result of the whole observation is examine that literacy strategies engage learners actively in
social studies and developing deep understanding through social practice.
KEY WORDS: Impact, literacy strategies, student’s interest, social studies.

Impact of literacy strategies in social studies at primary level/1
1. INTRODUCTION
This action research study evaluated the effects of literacy strategies on academic achievement,
motivation, and engagement of social studies students at primary level. Literacy is most
commonly defined as the ability to read and write but there’s much more to it than, literacy
strategy is every teacher toolkit. Literacy is deeply woven into the fabric of successful social
studies classes and can be used successfully to provide accommodations and modifications for
diverse learning needs (Lindsay & Horn, 2011). Students often enter social studies classes
having predetermined they will not pass, they will not like the class, or they will not view the
class as beneficial. Some students may have no idea how social studies or history can benefit
them in the future.
Teaching students to become independent thinkers and learners who can remember and reuse
what they have read to gather meaning, think critically, and solve problems is part of literacy,
which involves not only reading, but speaking, listening, viewing, and understanding all forms of
communication. Social studies learning is promoted through the use of critical literacy
perspectives when learning tasks include opportunities for interaction with various modes of text,
discussion, critical thinking, and engagement in real world activities (Soares & wood, 2010).

(Judith L, (Jan 2007) Student Motivation, engagement and achievement)
This cycle discussed the critical relationship between student motivation, engagement, and
achievement and how school leaders can use classroom environments and contexts as
intervention tools, interrupting a cycle of failure. Some students arrive at middle or high school
with the hard shells of resistant readers or writers, but, underneath, no student wants to fail.
Enacting the engagement-instruction cycle is essential to ensuring that all students have a chance
for success. This cycle supports improved student achievement.
Literacy strategies such as, paraphrasing, summarizing, Think-pair-share, KWL, Venn
diagrams, concept maps, can help students learn about complex social studies issues. Today
social studies classes offer many opportunities for improving teaching of literacy across
disciplines and enhance learning in content of social strategy. Social studies should primary
serve to teach reading and writing skills using the social studies textbook with literacy strategies.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-
 To explore the literacy (social studies) strategies used in classroom for the
improvement of students performance.
 To check the performance through the implementation of Literacy (social studies)
strategies in the classroom.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:-
Being prospective teacher during teaching practice school mostly the major problem faced in pc
Urdu primary school that most social studies teachers are not trained to comfortably teach social
studies with literacy strategies and Social Studies require a higher standard of expectation for
literacy and comprehension through the use of complex texts. Many teachers face challenges in
early grades students cannot develop the literacy skills because of typical vocabulary trying to
integrate literacy into the curriculum. The teachers face issues such as determining the best
strategies to present and teach with the material. A list of the most important literacy strategies
concerns with social studies teachers face in their teaching practice. Many teachers face
challenges in early grades student cannot develop the literacy skills because of typical
vocabulary. Challenges face in planning and implementing social curriculum Students face

problems in social studies because they are disengaged, disinterested, and disconnected from
classroom instruction so teacher should provide literacy strategies for enhancing student’s
performance. Many social studies courses deal with sensitive and at times controversial
issues. Presently, primary school students’ interest and academic achievement in social studies is
declining and students are losing interest in the subject students consistently perform poorly, the
implication is that adequate teaching and learning has not taken place in schools. Therefore, the
problem of this study is to examine the problems of teaching and learning of Social Studies in
primary schools.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:-
 What are the ways of using literacy (social studies) strategies in classroom for the
improvement of student’s performance?
 Is Literacy (social studies) strategies properly implemented for the improvement of
student’s performance?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:-
The significance of this study gives various insights into the challenges of teaching social
studies in primary schools. The incorporation of literacy strategies could lead to increased
achievement on future formative and summative assessments in social Studies classes as well as
on state mandated tests. The impact of literacy strategies in social Studies was positive for the
study population and caused students to be more motivated and engaged in social Studies.
Students were also more involved, overall, in their own learning. The literacy strategies will
enable stakeholders in the education sector to take adequate measures in tackling these
challenges, and make learning of social studies a lot easier for both teachers and students in
primary school levels. Literacy skills allow students to seek out information, explore subjects in-
depth and gain a deeper understanding
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:-
The limitation of this study is that there are some factors which influence the research effort
towards developing this work (project).This study is slightly difference in achievement and
engagement between students in the literacy class versus students in the direct class provided
evidence that the incorporation of literacy strategies can be a beneficial strategy using literacy

strategies to engage students in critically thinking about a period in history, developing and
implementing curriculum that honored learning as social proved to be challenging. This research
and the data analysis work are occurring in PC URDU SCHOOL. During the research I faced
many difficulties regarding my research and also face problems in collecting the data like:-
Language barriers this create problem in conducting interviews, Lack of cooperation from the
teachers of school, Lack of source of data ,Financial problems and Lack of technology/ Lack of
resources .
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK OF RESEARCH:-
The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study.
The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explains why the research
problem under study exists. The theoretical frame work was developed after studying literature
review in area of action research study. To conduct researches have followed a theories of
Emergent literacy was the first who used Marie clay (1996), Emergent literacy is based on
assumptions that a child acquires some knowledge about language, reading and writing even before
attending any formal education. She asserted that literacy development begins early in life and is
ongoing. Emergentliteracyisthe developmental process that begins at birth whereby children acquire
the foundation for reading and writing. John Dewey (1996) father of the progressive education
theory emphasized that early childhood learning is child-centered is built around the interest of
the child; child learns best through play because of social interaction. Dewey argued that
curriculum should be relevant to students' lives. He saw learning by doing and development of
practical life skills as crucial to children's education and so on. And another theory, I have
integrated as Sociocultural Theory:-Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of human learning describes
learning as a social process and the origination of human intelligence in society or culture. The
major theme of Vygotsky’s theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental
role in the development of cognition. Sociocultural theory is an emerging theory
in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual
development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in
which they live. Sociocultural theory also suggests that human learning is largely a social
process. Sociocultural theory focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual

learning, but also on how cultural beliefs and attitudes affect how learning takes place. I have
integrated these theories in my research. These theories allow students to learn in various literacy
strategies that compatible with their strengths. Theories of literacy development are historically
considered in practice and in research these theories are discussed and argued that integration of
the theories is possible and desirable in educational practice and research on order to equalize the
learning opportunities for all students in all disciplines (subjects).these theories help me to teach
social studies subject and inform me how students learn in social contexts (learn from each
other) and construct active learning environment. Integration of these theories in Literacy
strategies in social studies subject develop collaboration learning and group work, students work
together on a task, students develop across the curriculum, creating the learning environment,
literacy practices help in teaching students how to read and write in a social context. Also
providing meaningful and interactive activities that allow children to actively interact with others
manipulative experiences and learning about them providing a relaxed atmosphere for learning.
2.3 LITERACY STRATEGIES USE IN SOCIAL STUDIES:-
Strategies such as concept map, venn-diagram, kwl, think-pair-share, entrance and exit slips.
Teachers engage students in challenging learning, while teachers can create the conditions that
foster learning and demonstrate strategies, for real learning to occur, students need to be active
participants. The program needs to be interesting enough to make students want to engage in the
learning. One of the greatest challenges for teachers of literacy is ensuring that students have the
comprehension strategies needed to cope in the increasingly complex world of print. The
Literacy Common Core State Standards acknowledges this and have placed an increasing
emphasis on making students ready for the complexities of texts they will face both in and out of
school. Effective teachers are able to provide the appropriate challenge for each of their students.
They understand that learning takes place in the ‘zone of proximal development.’ It is in the
struggle that new learning occurs. We need to help students develop the stamina and resilience
that comes from engaging them in challenging tasks where they read and write for authentic
purpose.

3.RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY:-
Research methodology is the systematic procedure for conducting research to know how the
process will go on for evaluating problem than remedy for it. The researcher has selected the
qualitative method for collecting data regarding to study because Qualitative research aim is to
gather an in depth understanding of human behavior and reasons that govern such behavior is to
understand the social reality of individuals, groups and cultures as nearly as possible as its
participants feel it or live it. Thus, people and groups are studied in their natural setting.
Qualitative approach is exploratory and seeks to explain ‘how’ and ‘why’ a particular
phenomenon, or behavior, operates as it does in a particular context. It is concerned with
understanding of human behavior from the informant’s perspective. Data are collected through
observations and analyzed by themes from descriptions by informants and data reported in the
language of the informant.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:-
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively
address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data. The essentials of action research design follow a characteristic cycle whereby
initially an exploratory stance is adopted, where an understanding of a problem is developed and
plans are made for some form of interventionary strategy. Then the intervention is carried out
(the action in Action Research) during which time, pertinent observations are collected in various
forms. The new interventional strategies are carried out, and the cyclic process repeats,
continuing until a sufficient understanding of (or implement able solution for) the problem is
achieved.

RESEARCH DESIGN OF CYCLE
Action 2
Action 4
Action 3
Reconnaissance
Meeting with
HM+Interview
Pre observational
(with checklist)
Delivery lessons with
literacy strategies
Post observation
Data collection
Data analysis
Action 1

3.2 Research framework
The following figure show the process of this research is based on action research.
The Action Research Cycle.(Source: Calhoun, 1994)
3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN:-
Sampling is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based on
results from a subset of the population, without having to investigate every individual.
A sample design is the framework, or road map, that serves as the basis for the selection of a
survey sample and affects many other important aspects of a survey as well. ... The sample
design provides the basic plan and methodology for selecting the sample.
3.3.1 POPULATION OF THE STUDY:-
The population of this study is mostly consists on students of 4th class in social studies subject in
primary school attached with Government elementary college of education women. The total
population of class is 15 students.

3.3.2 METHOD OFSAMPLING:-
Researcher used a purposive sampling it is a non-probability sampling method. Purposive
sampling also referred as a judgment sampling –sample elements judge to be typical or
representative, are chosen from the populations. A purposive sample is where a researcher
selects a sample based on their knowledge about the study and population. The participants are
selected based on the purpose of the sample. The main objective of purposive sampling is that
the researcher, with his good decision and appropriate policy chooses those elements which are
meant for fulfilling the research objective.
3.3.4 SAMPLE SIZE:-
My study is limited to the 4 students of grade 4th in primary school attached with Government
elementary college of education women.
3.4 DATACOLLECTION:-
According to requirement of this research tools will be used for collecting and interpreting of
data such as:-Report:-a report is written after every action that is taken place for reflect of the
study Interview questionnaire and Interview. Questionnaire is adopted for collecting the data
according to subject matter for taking information of ways that teacher is using in their teaching
.Pre-observational and post-observational (checklist):-Pre and post observational (checklist)
will be measuring student’s performance before and after the observation .Data collection is a
process of collecting information from all the relevant sources to find answers to the research
problem, test the hypothesis and evaluate the outcomes. Data collection methods can be divided
into two categories: secondary methods of data collection and primary methods of data
collection. Researcher used both types of data collection through primary (face to face data) and
secondary (through books, Internets, articles).
Instrument/tool used in research:-
3.5 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS:-
Researcher interpret and analysis the data through using MS word and, excel (pie chart) is used
to exhibit and description are also given for the understanding of information.

4. ACTIONS: COLLECTING DATA AND MANAGING THE ANALYSIS
ON ACTION RESEARCH CYCLE
ACTION 1:- REPORT ON RECONNAISSANCE
MEETING WITH HEAD MISTRESS AND INTERVIEW WITH SOCIAL STUDIES
SUBJECT TEACHER
This is the first step of action research I planned a meeting with head mistress and also planned
an interview with teacher and prepare a tool (questionnaire) for conducting the interview.
In 20-10-2020 I went school it was my first preliminary survey such as checking out the area
before I took a action of my action research, visited school and meet with head mistress of pc
Urdu school attached with G.E.C.E(W) HYD .In meeting I requested her to take permission
through consent letter for conducting action research in their school and told about my topic
and its importance Head mistress gives me permission for conducting action research in their
school and also gives positive responses she was ready to support me she also provide me
a book of 4th class(social studies). Then conducted interview with teacher who are teaching
social studies in class 4th and discuss the main points of content and also collect the data what
they have respond through asking questions. The next step of in my action research is pre-
observation in the classroom and making a checklist.

Action 1 Analysis of Teacher Interview on Focus coding
S.NO Focus Coding Themes Codes
1. challenges social studies in teaching, UL
not a lot of time allotted for teaching , S
students can’t take interest I
Using Literacy UL
2. reading and writing the difficult terms, UL Strategies S
3. Methodology, IM
lecture interactive lecture journals
Entire methods may use in my teaching. S
Improvement I
4. Face issues to understand the concept of Social studies. I Implementation IM
5. assess and engage the class IM
Student’s performance and during class check their copies and work. I
6. Lack of resources in school I
7. Advice: don’t like social studies because they think it’s boring. UL
interesting way that clear the concepts ofstudents

Analysis of Teacher Interview on Themes and Codes
27%
18%
37%
18%
Analysis of teacher interview on themes
1. Using Literacy UL
2. Strategies S
3. Improvement I
4. Implementation IM
S.NO Themes Codes Cumulative frequency Percentage
1. Using Literacy UL 3 27
2. Strategies S 2 18
3. Improvement I 4 37
4. Implementation IM 2 18

Discussion on themes:
1. Using Literacy
This theme is so much important for the present study where the respondent emphasized on
the need of literary in social studies, Literacy aim is to identify, understand, interpret, create,
communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying set
of skills which allows an individual to engage fully in society and in learning, through the
different forms of language which society values and finds useful. And further for
knowledge and interest. The above graph shows that 27% students used literacy.
2. Strategies
When a researcher collect the data they noticed teacher use traditional methods to teach
students teacher only used blackboard and books to teach students the graph show that 18%
strategies is only used in social studies classroom.
3. Improvement
The respondent emphasized on the need of improvement in social studies classroom, it
shown that the performance of students is just 37% and they need the improvement in class.
4. Implementation
This theme is significant where respondent emphasized the need of implementation of
literacy strategies in social studies class, the graph show that 18% Implementation of
strategies in class and lack of implementation of strategies is effect on student
performance and they can’t understand the concept of social studies.

ACTION 2:-PORT OF PRE-OBSERVATION (CHECKLIST):-
I planned an observation in class 4th with checklist and observe student during
social studies class .In this action I class and collect the data information on my
checklist. To observe students during social studies class and try to identify the
situation that in which area need to improvement. I observed that students didn’t take
interest in social studies subject and feel bored during the period and they can’t
performed any activity any activity in class and never give responses and answers of
teacher questions .students face difficulty in reading and writing the social studies
difficult terms and also never clear their concepts. I observed that the students never use
literacy strategies in class and that’s why students couldn’t take interest in this subject.
Analysis of Checklist
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Above the graph shown that pre-observational (checklist) in social studies classroom.
The analysis is above on line graph. The student’s performance measured on 3 rating
scale
(Yes 3, somehow 2, and No 1).
 Students take interest in class =1 (because students were so lazy or feeling bore
during the class).
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Yes
SH
No

 Student believes social studies are boring subject=3(because they learn only for
pass in class).
 Students face difficulty in reading and writing=2(because they can’t understand
the concepts of social studies.
 Student perform any activity in class=1(because they only learn with traditional
lecture method)
 Students are interacted with each other=2(because they feel bored so only few
students are interacted with other students are passive)
 Students use av-aids or resources=1(no they just take lecture and read with a
book)
 Students Give Responses and Answers of questions=1(because student can’t
understand the concepts of social studies)
 Students Cover the Concept of Social Studies By Using The Literacy
Strategies=(they only used traditional methods)
ACTION 3:-REPORT ON DELIVERED SOCIAL STUDIES LESSONS WITH
LITERACY STRATEGIES FOR THE INTERVENTIONS.
The planning and implementing of action 3 is conduct on (26-10-2020 TO 1O-11-
2020), planned to deliver to a lesson with my literacy strategies in class 4th. I have
developed 5-6 strategies on social studies subject and planning of these strategies was
based on increase interest in students towards social studies subject. I delivered lesson
with venn-diagram, concept map, think-pair-share, K-W-L, and entrance and exit slips
in class 4th. I have increased the interest with the help of these strategies. I observed that
the students during lessons they gradually take interest and also give responses and
answers of my questions with these strategies students can easily understand the
concepts of social studies and enjoy reading and writing the difficult terms of social
studies with literacy strategies and also make a summary about lessons. The reflection
is concerned with the delivery of lessons was fun to teach social studies at this time
students fully engaged and give responses of questions motivate them with clapping
and with good remarks researcher feel satisfaction to see student’s relaxation was better
than pre-observation I had analyze that after applying literacy strategies in my lesson

students are very satisfied about lesson and clear the concepts without illustrating them
more. They also performed activities about topic without hesitation and also enjoying
their learning.
ACTION 4:-REPORT OF POST-OBSERVATION (CHECKLIST):-
This action focused on the observation of literacy strategies which are researcher create
for the children learning environment. It is planned to conduct post-observation after
clearing concepts of students that was run on (11-11-2020)same time was allocated and
same observation was conduct .I observed the classroom in students learning they take
interest in the study and also they worked happily and developed skills results are much
better than previous time. Researcher observed the student performance on through
checklist in this time I observed the progress of students now they take interest in
learning improvement in class through implement of literacy strategies. Now, I felt
satisfaction because students are take interest now in social studies easily understand
the concepts of social studies now students are interacted with each other students give
responses and answers of teacher questions and also cover the concept of social studies
by using the literacy strategies.
Analysis of Checklist
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Yes
SH
No

Result and discussion:
Above the graph define the data analysis of the post observation.
After delivered the lessons with literacy strategies researcher get result very well as
compare from the pre observation where it shows that:-
 Students take interest in class =3(because students were used literacy strategies
during the class).
 Student believed social studies are boring subject=1(because now students feel
happy and take interest in social studies class).
 Students faced difficulty in reading and writing=1(students enjoy the words of
social studies in reading and writing and also understand the concepts of social
studies.
 Student performed any activity in class=3(students perform many activities in
class)
 Students are interacted with each other=3(through think-pair-share students
interact with other students and also with teacher)
 Students use av-aids or resources=3(now students used many resources in social
studies class)
 Students given Responses and Answers of questions=3(students are active and
give responses)
 Students covered the Concept of Social Studies By Using The Literacy
Strategies=3(yes)
5.DISCUSSION:-
Literacy strategies emphasize the importance in social studies subject. From whole
study I find that Research suggests that some broad-based literacy strategies can assist
student’s achievement in social studies subject. Literacy strategies are best to teach and
practice these while students engage in learning challenging content. Literacy strategies
can use to better approach and comprehend social studies texts. Literacy strategies help
teachers to make interest in students and help them in succeed. Literacy is deeply

woven into the fabric of successful social studies classes and can be used successfully
to provide accommodations and modifications for diverse learning needs. Students
often enter social studies classes having predetermined they will not pass, they will not
like the class, or they will not view the class as beneficial. Some students may have no
idea how social studies or history can benefit them, but literacy strategies were seen as
a help that teachers might use to pique students’ interest and help them succeed.
Researcher does this study in pc Urdu school this study focused on primary level. I
recognize this problem during my practicum in class 4th where I observed this problem.
I see the students can’t take interest and face difficulty in reading and writing in social
studies. So I used literacy strategies.
Impact of literacy strategies is improve students’ performance Embedding literacy
strategies improve social studies understanding of content, improve critical thinking,
foster student motivation, increase student engagement, create strong content readers
and writers and improves performance of students.
Findings:-
Researcher gets the finding to used checklist.
 Pre-observation
 Post-observation
Results are very different pre and post observation because of pre-observation is use for
the check that literacy strategies use in social studies or not’ so according to this
situation researcher delivered lesson with literacy strategies and get result again for
what impact on students performance with literacy strategies. Researcher observe the
results are very good in social studies subject and students are able to read and write the
difficult terms and understand the concepts and also take interest in social study subject.
5.1 REFLECTION:-
This study showed, has a significantly positive impact on student learning.

Actions result indicated that literacy strategies enhance the skills and encourage
students to involve actively.
In reconnaissance stage indicates that teachers do not use literacy strategies in class
after observation researcher indicates that teachers teach students in traditional
methods. So researcher delivered lesson with literacy strategy and with the help of this
researcher motivate students and build up their interest. Based on the research I t can be
concluded that the literacy strategies engage learners actively in social studies. Literacy
strategies developing deep understanding through social practice in today social studies
classes offer many opportunities for content teachers to make learning through literacy
strategies. Literacy strategies are used as a tool to support the construction of content
knowledge. Literacy strategies opportunities use curriculum that targets and builds
literacy practices and historical concepts in social studies. Literacy instruction can be
successfully integrated in the classroom strategies will help students find ways to work
through and communicate their hopes, fear, and dreams as well understand other
cultures and the world around them. From a teacher’s perspective, students struggle
with social studies because they are uninterested or unable to comprehend contextual
information and make it relevant to their lives. Some students simply do not understand
the importance of social studies content and cannot make connections between what has
happened and how it has shaped what is happening on global, state, and local levels.
Social studies is often deemed boring and filled with too many dates and people to
remember .Literacy strategies can use to better approach and comprehend social studies
texts. Literacy strategies help teachers to make interest in students and help them in
succeed.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION:-
School teachers do not use the proper strategies that generate negative attitude among
students towards learning social studies subject. While the social studies is a very
important subject
Here after performing this result work I do recommend some flaws that should be
overcome after performing some asks a listed below:-

 Social studies subject teacher should used literacy strategies in class during period
regularly.
 Teachers should use strategies for student’s growth and development in literacy
from the beginning of the year.
 Teacher should identify student’s problem and try to overcome.
 Teachers must assign different activities about subject.
 Teacher should be assigned tasks according to the level of students.
 Teachers should use graphics and developed interest in this subject.
 Knowledge should be effective and organized.
 Teacher should bring a historical event to life by having students act out a
particular event in history. Have students produce an event and assign
each student a specific role to present to the class.
 Teacher should be aware of the different learning styles.
 Teachers should be motivating the students during social study period and also
appreciate students work.
 By combining literacy strategies students will find a love for social studies that will
ensure their academic success in the future.
My Advice for future researchers if they want to work on literacy strategies they must
try to implement the literacy strategies in other subjects in which students face problem
and difficulties in their learning.

REFERENCES
Andrea,M.Antonio,H.Castro,J(10 JULY 2018) Integrating Literacy with Social
Studies Education: A Review of Popular Textsfor Social Studies Teacher Educators Retrieved
from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281207649_Integrating_Literacy_with_Social_Studie
s_Education_A_Review_of_Popular_Texts_for_Social_Studies_Teacher_Educators
Andrea, M.Hawkman (2015) Integrating Literacy with Social Studies Education: A
Review of Popular Texts for Social Studies Teacher Educators Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281207649_Integrating_Literacy_with_Social_Studie
s_Education_A_Review_of_Popular_Texts_for_Social_Studies_Teacher_Educators
DEBORAH,A. MACPHEE And EMILY,J.WHITECOTTON.(2011) Bringing the
social studies : literacy strategies as a tool for understanding history Retrieved
fromhttps://knilt.arcc.albany.edu/images/b/b4/Bringing_the_social_back_to_social_studipdfes
ESSENTIAL SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS AND STRATEGIES Retrieved from
https://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/standards/essential-social-studies-skills-and-
strategies.pdf
Gaston,A.Martine,G.Ellice,P.Martin(2016) Embedding Literacy strategies in social
studies for eighth grade students Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105358.pdf
Lindsay R. Dennis PhD, Eva Horn, PhD(16 September 2011) Strategies for
Supporting Early Literacy Development retrieved from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1096250611420553
Kirsten, N. (27 Feb. 2019) Improving Literacy and content learning across the
curriculum? How teachers relate literacy teaching to school subjects in cross-curricular
professional development Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20004508.2019.1580983
Judith L,( jan 2007) develop and implement a school wide literacy action plan
retrived from http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/107034/chapters/develop-and-
implement-a-schoolwide-literacy-Action-plan.aspx
Judith,L,Pace.(2012) Teaching literacy through social studies under no child left
behind Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286625656_Teaching_literacy_through_social_studi
es_under_No_Child_Left_Behind

MontecriZz( Jul 29, 2016) Emergent Literacy and Theories of Learning Retrieved
from https://www.slideshare.net/MontecriZz/emergent-literacy-and-theories-of-learning
Michigan,S.(2019) Teaching SQ3R Strategy Components Retrieved from
https://mimtsstac.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MIBLSI_Sequence/School/Secondary/Year2/
SCAR_Strategies/02_Teaching%20SQ3R%20Steps.pdf
Soares,L.B and Karen D. Wood(march 2010) A Critical Literacy Perspective for
Teaching and Learning Social Studies retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250055862_A_Critical_Literacy_Perspective_for_Te
aching_and_Learning_Social_Studies
Wikiversity(27 May 2017) Progressive education retrieved from
https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Progressive_education&oldid=1686295
Whilis,Dr.A.(3 JANUARY 2018) 8 Close-reading strategies to develop literacy
skills in social studiesretrieved from https://blog.socialstudies.com/8-close-reading-strategies-
to-develop-literacy-skills-in-social-studies

APPENDIX A
CONSENT LETTER

APPENDIX B
TIME SPAN
S.no Date action place tool planning Success
1 20-10-2020 Reconnaissance
+
Interview with social
study teacher
Pc Urdu
school
attached with
GECE W
Hyderabad
Report
Interview
questionnaire
Preliminary survey and conduct
interview
achievement
2 22-10-2020 Pre-observation -do- Observational
Checklist
Observation and collect the data
of student learning
achievement
3 26-10-2020
To
10-11-2020
Delivered lessons
with literacy
strategies
-do- Literacy strategy
used As required in
my teaching
To clear the concepts of social
studies subject
Achievement
4 11-11-2020 Post-observations -do- Observational
Checklist
Observation and data collection
to check the intervention
achievement

APPENDIX C
Interview Questions for Teacher
PC Urdu attached GECE W Hyd
Part 1
Dear teacher I am perspective teacher of GECE (W) Hyderabad, For the purpose of my study
and presently conducting research on “Impact of literacy strategies in social studies at primary
level”. I request you to spare of you valuable time providing the details indicating in the
interview questionnaire given below. I assure you that the generated shall be kept confidentially
and utilized only for research purpose.
Name (optional) RT Phone number (optional) _______________________
School name: - PC Urdu School attached with G.E.C.E (W), Hyd
Qualification: - MA. B.ED Teaching experience:-13 years
Part 2 (questionnaire)
Q1:-What challenges do you face as a classroom teacher of social studies in teaching?
Q2:-Students face difficulty in reading and writing the difficult terms of social studies?
Q3:-What methodology you used in teaching social studies?
Q4:-Students face issues to understand the concept of social studies subject?
Q5:-How you assess and engage the class?
Q6:-Can you tell me about the resources in your school system have available for teaching social
studies?
Q7:-What advice would you give me about teaching social studies?
Adopted from:
Smith. E,(May 30, 2017), social studies teacher interview, retrieved
fromhttps://youtu.be/U_ZEAQ36i9g

Transcription of Teacher Interview on Initial Coding (undlined)
Q1:-What challenges do you face as a classroom teacher of social studies in teaching?
RT1: The hardest part about teaching social studies is that there is not a lot of time allotted for
teaching social studies and students can’t take interest in this subject.
Q2:-Students face difficulties during reading and writing the difficult terms of social studies?
Res: yes students face too much difficulty in reading and writing.
Q3:-What methodology you used in teaching social studies?
Res:I can use utilize some social studies methods to include the lecture interactive lecture
journals entire methods may used in my teaching.
Q4:-Students face issues to understand the concept of social studies subject?
Res: Yes students face so many issues to understand the concept of sst.
Q5:-How you assess and engage the class?
Res: With On-going assessment I assess student’s performance and during class check their
copies and work.
Q6:-Can you tell me about the resources in your school systemhave available for teaching
social studies?
Res: Lack of resources in school.
Q7:-What advice would you give me about teaching social studies?
Res: Teaching social studies has endless amounts of potential and should be fun; many students
don’t like social studies because they think it’s boring. So teach in an interesting way that
clear the concepts of students.

APPENDIX D
Observational Checklist of Classroom (SST) for pre and post
observation.
P C Urdu Attached With GECE, Hyd
I am perspective teacher of GECE (W) Hyderabad For the purpose of my study and presently
conducting research on “Impact of literacy strategies in social studies at primary level”.
NOTE:-The Following Checklist Is Categorized In Three Parts Yes-3, Somehow-2 andNo-1
S.NO STATEMENTS Yes SH No
1 Students Take Interest In Social Studies Subject
2 Students Believe Social Studies Are A Boring
Subject And They Learn ForOnly Pass Out.
3 Students Face Difficulty In Reading, Writing And
Also Face Problem To Understand The ConceptOf
Social Studies.
4 Students Perform Any Activity In Class
5 Students Are Interacted With Each Other.
6 Students Used Any A-Vaids Or Resources
7 Students Give Responses And Answers Of Teacher
Questions.
8 Students Cover The ConceptOf Social Studies By
Using The Literacy Strategies
Adopted from;
Gaston,A.M,&G.Ellice,P.Martin(2016) Embedding Literacy strategies in social studies for eighth
grade students Retrieved fromhttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1105358.pdf

APPENDIX E
PICTURES

Impact Of Literacy Strategies On Student Performance In Social Studies At Primary Level by Noorulain Bhutto and Nadia Thalho

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