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LEARNING STYLES & ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS
TOWARD MODULAR LEARNING IN MAYOYAO
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of Mayoyao National High
School
Balangbang, Mayoyao, Ifugao
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in
Practical Research 1
ALDRIN B. BOOCAN
JULY 2021
APPROVAL SHEET
This research
LEARNING STYLES & ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS
TOWARD MODULAR LEARNING
Prepared and submitted by ALDRIN B. BOOCAN is
hereby approved as a requirement in the subject,
Practical Research 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this endeavor owes its realization to the
invaluable participation and assistance of numerous individuals, whose
names may not all be explicitly mentioned. Their contributions are sincerely
appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, special recognition is
extended to certain individuals whom I would like to express deep
appreciation to:
Joan B. Boocan, my mother, and Ms. Cherry Ann Lopnao, my Practical
Research teacher, for their unwavering support, kindness, patience, and
understanding.
I am also profoundly grateful to all my relatives, friends, classmates, and
others who have been integral to my journey. Your support, both moral and
financial, along with your physical and spiritual presence, has played an
essential role in my accomplishment. Thank you.
Above all, heartfelt gratitude is extended to our Great Almighty, the bestower
of knowledge and wisdom, for His boundless love and guidance. Thank you.
CHERRY ANN A. LOPNAO
Subject Teacher
DEDICATION
This study is dedicated to God, our Almighty creator,
The strong pillar that supports me,
The source of my inspiration, wisdom, knowledge, and understanding.
God, the wellspring of my strength.
To my family, the constant helpers and endless inspirations.
To my teachers, guiding me as mentors, superiors, and colleagues.
To my friends, the boosters who uplift me in times of low spirits.
And to my classmates, especially those who helped correct my grammar.
While I may not mention everyone individually,
I extend my heartfelt thanks to all those who have been part of this journey.
Your presence has made a significant impact, and I am truly grateful.
Thank you all.
Abstract
This research delves into the challenges posed by the shift to modular
learning at Mayoyao National High School during the pandemic, focusing on
the learning styles and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMMS students. The study,
employing a descriptive qualitative approach, explores the diverse approaches
students employ in modular learning and their corresponding attitudes.
Findings reveal sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent learning styles,
emphasizing the importance of tailored and supportive approaches.
Collaborative learning experiences, time management skills, and a spectrum
of attitudinal responses are crucial aspects. The recommendations
underscore the need for customizable learning paths, technology integration,
and fostering collaborative environments. The study concludes that
recognizing and addressing the intricate relationship between learning styles,
attitudes, and modular learning experiences are key in optimizing academic
outcomes for students. The impact on academic performance highlights the
influence of tailoring instruction, promoting collaborative learning,
emphasizing time management, and fostering a positive learning
environment. Ultimately, the research provides valuable insights for
educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to enhance modular
learning outcomes in the face of unprecedented educational challenges.
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Now a days many students and parents are struggled to the modular
learning on how they were going to teach their children. This pandemic has a
big impact to us as it changed many lives, industry, and many more.
The method that different student’s study is known as their learning
style. The preferred method that a person uses to take in, process,
understand, and remember information is referred to as their learning style.
The four primary modes of learning are kinaesthetic, tactile, auditory, and
visual TopHat, (2019).
Attitudes refers to way, attitude, sentiment, location, etc., about a
person or object; propensity or orientation, particularly mental
unfavorable sentiments; attitudes of the group. An acceptable or expressive
body position or posture can convey a feeling, action, or other emotion.
Examples include a relaxed or menacing attitude according to
Dictionary.com, (2020).
Different pupils have different learning styles and attitudes based on
how well they comprehend, organize, process, and recognize what they have
learned. Because of their unique individual variations, every student has a
varied set of learning tactics and attitudes Hsu, H., & Sung, T. (2023).
A person's approach to learning and how they process knowledge are
largely determined by their learning style (Dikmen et al., 2018; Feldman et
al., 2014). Conversely, an individual's emotional and cognitive reactions to the
learning process are referred to as their attitude towards learning.
There are numerous ways to define, categorize, and identify learning
styles. These are typically broad trends that provide instruction and learning
a direction. Another way to think of learning style is as a collection of
elements, attitudes, and behaviors that help a person learn in a certain
setting. Learning styles have an impact on how teachers instruct, how
students learn, and how the two interact. Every individual is born with
certain predisposition toward specific styles; nevertheless, these biological or
inherited traits are shaped by development, maturity level, culture, and life
events. Because the learner's contributions to the learning process are just
as much a part of the context as the significant aspects of the experience
itself, style can be thought of as a "contextual" variable or construct
(web.cortland.edu).
As a student of Mayoyao National High School (MNHS) we experience
what they called modular learning which the teacher prepares for it and give
bring to the designated area where the students will pick up their modules,
then we answer after that we will bring our answer to the school and other far
barangay was bring in the barangay hall to be collected. Being student, we
feel sad to not enter in the classroom because we do not learn just like before
as we are just only answering it without understanding and we do not
comprehend it. Most of the students I ask about how they feel about the
modular learning then most of them said that they don’t like it, they don’t
understand what they are answering and they do not learn from it.
In light of the challenges posed by the transition to modular learning at
Mayoyao National High School, this research aims to investigate the learning
styles and attitudes of students. Understanding how students adapt to this
new learning format is crucial for informing educational strategies and
improving the overall learning experience. The study seeks to shed light on
the impact of modular learning on student comprehension, engagement, and
satisfaction, ultimately contributing valuable insights to the ongoing
discourse on effective educational practices during unprecedented times."
Statement of the problem
This study aimed to gather information/data about learning styles and
attitudes of students toward modular learning:
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:
1. What are the learning styles of students toward modular
learning?
2. What are the attitudes of students toward modular learning?
3. How does students learning styles and attitudes toward modular
learning affects their academic performance?
Paradigm of the study
- Descriptive
qualitative
research on Grade
11 HUMSS
students at
Mayoyao National
High School
- Purposive
sample of 10
students, remote
data collection
through
messenger
applications
- Interview
preparation,
participant
selection,
remote data
collection,
systematic
analysis,
interpretation
of findings
- Learning Styles:
- Sequential
Approach
- Verbal and Social
Learning
- Technology-
Dependent Learning
- Collaborative
Learning
- Time
Management
- Attitudes:
- Concentration
and Timing
preferences
- Negative
Emotions (stress,
hatred, sickness)
- Aversion and
Disinterest
- Positive Attitudes
- Impact on
Academic
Performance:
Input Process Output
Significance of the study
This study was significant to the following:
Students
- The findings of this study may empower students by providing insights
into their individual learning styles and attitudes toward modular learning.
- Armed with this knowledge, students can actively seek assistance from
teachers and adapt their learning approaches to maximize the benefits of
modular learning.
Teachers
- The results of the study can act as a valuable resource for teachers,
offering a deeper understanding of the diverse learning styles and attitudes
among students in the context of modular learning.
- This understanding may enable teachers to tailor their instructional
methods to better address the needs and preferences of individual students,
fostering a more supportive learning environment.
Researchers
Feedback
- For researchers in the field of education, this study contributes to the
growing body of knowledge on the impact of learning styles and attitudes on
student performance in modular learning settings.
- The insights gained may guide future research endeavors and facilitate the
development of effective educational strategies in response to evolving
learning environments.
Educational Institutions
- Educational institutions, including Mayoyao National High School, stand
to benefit from a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between
learning styles, attitudes, and academic performance in the context of
modular learning.
- The results may inform decision-making processes and guide the
development of policies that enhance the overall educational experience for
both students and teachers.
Publication and Dissemination
- The research outcomes, if deemed publishable, can contribute to the
academic discourse on effective teaching methodologies and student
engagement in the context of modular learning.
- Dissemination of the findings may serve as a resource for educators,
researchers, and policymakers, fostering a broader impact on educational
practices.
Scope and delimitation
This study concentrates on investigating the learning styles and
attitudes of students toward modular learning within the specific context of
Mayoyao National High School (MNHS). The research adopts a descriptive
approach to comprehensively understand and describe the learning dynamics
associated with modular learning.
Focus of the Study
- The primary focus is on exploring the learning styles and attitudes of
students participating in modular learning at MNHS.
- The study aims to identify the diverse approaches students employ in
modular learning and the corresponding attitudes they exhibit towards this
mode of education.
Type of Research
- This research is classified as descriptive, intending to provide a detailed
account of the learning styles and attitudes prevalent among students
engaging in modular learning.
Respondents
- The respondents for this study consist of a carefully selected group of
students from Mayoyao National High School.
- The selection process ensures representation across different grade levels,
gender, and academic performance to capture a comprehensive
understanding of learning dynamics.
Timeframe
- The study was conducted in the month of June 2021, capturing a snapshot
of students' learning styles and attitudes during this specific period.
Objectives
- The main objectives of the research include determining the various learning
styles exhibited by students and assessing their attitudes towards modular
learning.
- The study aims to explore the impact of learning styles and attitudes on
students' academic performance in the context of modular learning.
Limitations
- The research is limited to a single educational institution, Mayoyao National
High School, and may not be representative of broader educational contexts.
- The findings are specific to the timeframe of June 2021 and may not capture
potential variations in learning styles and attitudes over an extended period.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The outcomes revealed a consensus regarding the efficacy of the
enacted educational measures to contain the virus, which includes closing
schools across the country and delaying the start of lessons again and the
introduction of other instructional methods. Conversely, parents have faced
a number of difficulties. from the new virtual learning environment;
instruction delivery; inadequate learning results; financial challenges
encountered when employed by the family during a lockdown; difficulties
utilizing and obtaining technology; and individual issues with stress, health,
and learning style Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021).
Parents, however, argued that because there were so many learning
activities, the time allotted for completing them was insufficient. Furthermore,
some parents stated that they were unable to assist their children in
completing the learning exercises because they were unable to comprehend
certain concepts in the module. The study then suggested that the learning
activities be reviewed and that parents attend seminars to help them support
their kids during their "classes" at home. To enhance the integration of
modular learning in the new normal, an action plan was created Olivo, M. G.
(2021).
The study's findings of Natividad, M. R. A., & Batang, B. L.
(2018). showed that late teenagers favored auditory,kinesthetic, social, tactile,
and visual, although the early adult participants preferred auditory; gender
was a factor infiguring out their learning preferences; that different courses
have different preferences; that different ethnic groups have different learning
patterns groups; that spoken language is the optimal way for Filipino learners
to learn; that grammar is not a subject that is recommended for study and
CLT,preferred, and that employing the six sensory modes is how pupils learn
best, among other things.
Students' attitudes regarding modular remote learning become dubious
in light of the current global crisis. This study examined how effective self-
learning modules (SLMs) are in improving learners' performance and attitudes
as they become an additional learning tool in the new normal of education.
The findings showed a significant relationship between attitude and
performance, but not between the learner's attitude and performance in
regard to their profile. It has been confirmed that attitude plays a significant
role in performance Bacomo et.al. (2022).
Base on the study of Tuckel, (2023), a sizable portion of pupils live in
unsuitable homes for online learning and have spotty internet. Students
almost unanimously favor asynchronous online learning over synchronous
methods. Preferring in-person classes over online courses, students rank
them higher along multiple variables that encompass all aspects of the
classroom experience. The differences that favor in-person instruction are
particularly obvious when it comes to students' capacity to focus in class,
their motivation to study, and their ability to form friendships with their
classmates. Students who choose these alternative instructional modes have
distinct features. Freshmen and sophomores, students under stress, and
students with unsuitable physical environments at home are the
demographics most likely to be more favorable toward in-person instruction.
Crucially, though, most students indicate that they would be tempted to enroll
in additional online courses in the future.
On the other hand, they had better-than-average sentiments regarding
online education. Verbal and logical learning styles varied by department,
while independent learning types varied by gender. The attitude toward e-
learning did not differ based on gender, but it did differ significantly based on
department and place of residence. The attitudes of preservice teachers
regarding e-learning were found to be positively correlated at a low level with
visual-auditory, social, independent, and logical learning styles Özüdogru,
(2022).
The study of Estoque, I. J. A. (2022) discovered that, given the learners'
current learning mode, the reading skills to be learned, and their learning
style at this point, Modular Distance Learning has an impact on teachers'
roles in reading instruction. With this method, parents or guardians take on
the role of direct reading teachers for their children, with teachers serving as
facilitators. As a result, parents or guardians need to become proficient
readers. Effective implementation of reading teaching in modular distance
learning requires cooperation between educators and parents/guardians. The
researcher suggested that educators help parents learn to read by giving them
adequate reading teaching, tools, and interventions.
VARK Model (Learning Styles)
The Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic learning styles
are all represented in Neil Fleming's VARK model, which offers a framework
for understanding how people process information. In the context of modular
learning, students' preferences for particular activities, like searching the
internet or asking for help, may indicate alignment with particular VARK
categories. For example, a preference for written resources may indicate
alignment with the Reading/Writing learning style, while asking for help from
peers may indicate alignment with social learning tendencies.
Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes)
The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura highlights how attitudes
and behaviors are impacted by observational learning. It is possible to
investigate how students' views about modular learning are influenced by the
experiences and actions of those around them by looking at the responses
within the context of this theoretical framework. Teachers, friends, and family
members can act as role models for children, affecting how they view and
react to modular learning.
Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes)
Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory emphasizes relatedness,
competence, and autonomy as the main drivers of behavior in people. This
theory can be used to examine students' attitudes in the context of modular
learning. An understanding of students' views regarding modular learning as
a whole may be gained by analyzing the degree to which they feel competent,
in control of their education, and related to others.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and
Attitudes)
The connection between cognitive and emotional processes in learning
is highlighted by Richard E. Mayer's Cognitive-emotional Theory of Learning
with Media. A detailed investigation of how students' cognitive activities—like
surfing the internet—align with their affective experiences—like feeling
anxious, content, or preoccupied—during modular learning is made possible
by examining the students' answers within this framework.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research method
This study adopts a descriptive qualitative research method, aiming to
provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the learning styles
and attitudes of students toward modular learning in Mayoyao National High
School. Qualitative data collection techniques, such as in-depth interviews
and open-ended surveys, were employed to gather rich and nuanced insights
directly from the participants. The analysis involved the identification of
patterns, themes, and commonalities in the collected data, offering a
qualitative exploration of the diverse learning dynamics in the context of
modular learning. This approach allows for a holistic examination of the
experiences and perspectives of the students, contributing to a more profound
understanding of the phenomena under investigation.
Respondents
The participants in this research comprised students from Grade 11 HUMSS
(Humanities and Social Sciences) at Mayoyao National High School. From the
total of 42 students in the grade, a purposive sample of 10 students was
selected to participate in the study. The selection aimed to ensure
representation across diverse backgrounds and academic performance levels.
Place of the Study
The research was conducted at Mayoyao National High School, specifically
focusing on Grade 11 HUMSS students. The study took place in Barangay
Balangbang, Mayoyao, Ifugao. This location was chosen due to its
accessibility and the concentration of Grade 11 HUMSS students, providing a
specific context for the investigation into learning styles and attitudes toward
modular learning.
Research instrument and procedure
Given the constraints imposed by the ongoing pandemic, this study
employed a remote data collection approach utilizing mobile technology. The
research instrument primarily consisted of semi-structured interviews
conducted through social media platforms, particularly messenger
applications on cellphones.
Procedure
Preparation of Questions
- The researcher developed a set of interview questions designed to explore
the learning styles and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMSS students toward
modular learning.
Selection of Participants
- A purposive sample of 10 Grade 11 HUMSS students from Mayoyao
National High School was selected to participate in the study.
Remote Data Collection
- Due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, interviews were
conducted remotely using messenger applications on cellphones. Participants
were contacted, and informed consent was obtained before initiating the
interviews.
Interview Process
- The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews, allowing flexibility
to explore participant responses in depth. The questions aimed to elicit
insights into learning styles, attitudes, and experiences with modular
learning.
Data Analysis
- Collected data were systematically analyzed by the researcher. Themes,
patterns, and noteworthy responses were identified to derive meaningful
insights.
Interpretation of Results
- The findings were interpreted in the context of the research objectives,
shedding light on the learning dynamics and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMSS
students in modular learning environments.
Limitations
- While the remote approach facilitated data collection during pandemic
restrictions, it is essential to acknowledge potential limitations such as the
absence of face-to-face interactions and the reliance on self-reporting.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
Answers/Responds;
1. Learning styles of students
Sequential Approach (Respondents 1, 9, and 10)
Respondent 1
Towards the modular learning, style my style in learning is that I first answer
those easy activities before hard activities. For me, my way of learning is good
and I always do it most of the night.
Respondent 9
I do first the easiest before going to the hard part of my module while eating my
breads
Respondent 10
After answering the easiest I do ask my sister to help me in the hard part of the
module
Respondents 1, 9, and 10 reveal a preference for a sequential approach by
tackling easier activities before the harder ones. This suggests a structured
learning style where prioritization of tasks is essential. It aligns with the idea
of breaking down complex tasks into manageable parts, allowing for a more
organized learning process.
The respondents' preference for a sequential approach, as highlighted in their
tendency to tackle easier activities before harder ones, aligns with certain
studies and theories:
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021)
- The acknowledgment of difficulties faced by parents and the suggestion to
review learning activities resonates with the idea of prioritizing tasks and
breaking them down into manageable parts, as seen in the respondents'
sequential approach.
Bacomo et al. (2022)
- The significant relationship between attitude and performance, as
indicated in Bacomo et al.'s study, supports the idea that the structured
learning style demonstrated by the respondents, such as the sequential
approach, can impact their attitudes and, subsequently, their performance.
Tuckel (2023)
- Tuckel's findings on students preferring asynchronous online learning
align with the sequential approach exhibited by the respondents. Sequential
learners may find asynchronous methods more conducive to their structured
learning style.
Özüdogru (2022)
- The variations in verbal and logical learning styles and independent
learning types align with the individualized preferences within the sequential
approach. Different departments and places of residence may influence the
way students structure their learning.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media
- Mayer's theory emphasizes the connection between cognitive and
emotional processes. The respondents' sequential approach may involve a
cognitive strategy of prioritizing tasks, and their emotional experiences during
modular learning could be influenced by the success of this approach.
Verbal and Social Learning (Respondents 2 and 7)
Respondent 2
My learning style toward modular learning is verbal learning and social
learning.
Respondent 7
My learning style toward in modular learning are searching, self-learning and
other copy the answer of my a.
- Respondent 2 emphasizes verbal and social learning, indicating a
preference for communication and interaction. Respondent 7 also mentions
searching, self-learning, and copying answers, highlighting a blend of
independent and social learning. This aligns with theories that emphasize the
importance of communication and collaboration in the learning process.
The emphasis on verbal and social learning in the interpretation aligns with
several studies and theories:
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021)
- The collaborative and social learning styles described by respondents align
with Agaton and Cueto's study, where parents faced challenges in
understanding concepts in the module. The recommendation for parents to
attend seminars resonates with the importance of collaborative learning and
support.
Bacomo et al. (2022)
- The recognition of a significant relationship between attitude and
performance aligns with the emphasis on verbal and social learning styles.
Effective communication and interaction, as highlighted in the interpretation,
correspond with the role of attitude in learners' performance.
Tuckel (2023)
- The preference for in-person classes over online courses, as indicated in
Tuckel's study, aligns with the emphasis on social learning styles. Students'
capacity to focus in class, motivation to study, and forming friendships
resonate with the social aspects highlighted in the interpretation.
Özüdogru (2022)
- The variation in verbal and logical learning styles, along with differences
in independent learning types, aligns with Özüdogru's findings. The positive
correlation between attitudes toward e-learning and social learning styles
corresponds with the emphasis on verbal and social learning in the
interpretation.
Estoque, I. J. A. (2022)
- The collaborative and cooperative aspects of modular distance learning
described in the interpretation align with Estoque's findings about the impact
on teachers' roles and the need for cooperation between educators and
parents/guardians.
VARK Model (Learning Styles)
- The identification of verbal and social learning tendencies in the
interpretation aligns with the VARK model's representation of learning styles.
Seeking help from peers and emphasizing communication corresponds with
the social learning category.
Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes)
- The acknowledgment of the influence of observational learning and role
models, as highlighted in the interpretation, aligns with the Social Cognitive
Theory. Family members and peers acting as influencers resonate with the
theory's emphasis on observational learning.
Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes)
- The interpretation aligns with the Self-Determination Theory by
emphasizing relatedness and autonomy in learning. Seeking external help,
collaborating, and managing one's own time are indicative of learners feeling
competent and in control of their education.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media
- The recognition of both cognitive and emotional processes in learning, as
highlighted in the interpretation, aligns with Mayer's Cognitive-Affective
Theory. The acknowledgment of both cognitive activities (searching the
internet) and affective experiences during modular learning corresponds with
the theory's emphasis on the interplay between cognitive and emotional
processes.
3. Technology-Dependent Learning (Respondents 3, 4, and 5)
Respondent 3
My learning styles in modular learning are use internet to search, and seek help
from my classmates, relatives, and on their teacher.
Respondent 4
The learning styles are many but this are this is way search online using google,
ask help to other people.
Respondent 5
In this pandemic I am part of students who been affected but this is my styles
in answering my modules search answer on google.
- Respondents 3, 4, and 5 express a reliance on technology, particularly the
internet, for learning. Searching online, seeking help from classmates,
relatives, and teachers, and using Google for answers are indicative of a tech-
dependent learning style. This aligns with modern educational trends that
emphasize the integration of technology in the learning process.
The statement about technology-dependent learning aligns with various
studies and theories in the field of education:
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021)
- The reliance on technology, particularly the internet, for learning (as
indicated by Respondents 3, 4, and 5) aligns with the challenges highlighted
in Agaton and Cueto's study. The difficulties faced by parents in utilizing and
obtaining technology resonate with the tech-dependent learning style
observed in the respondents.
Bacomo et al. (2022)
- The acknowledgment of technology's role in learning aligns with Bacomo
et al.'s findings on the significant relationship between attitude and
performance in self-learning modules (SLMs). The respondents' reliance on
online resources and technology for modular learning supports the idea that
technology plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes and academic outcomes.
Tuckel (2023)
- Tuckel's study on students' unsuitable homes for online learning and
spotty internet resonates with the challenges mentioned by Respondents 3,
4, and 5. The preference for asynchronous online learning over synchronous
methods aligns with the tech-dependent learning style, as asynchronous
methods are often more adaptable to varying internet access.
Özüdogru (2022)
- The study's findings regarding attitudes toward e-learning and the positive
correlation with visual-auditory, social, independent, and logical learning
styles align with the tech-dependent learning style observed in the
respondents. The varying attitudes based on department and place of
residence reflect the diverse ways in which students incorporate technology
into their learning.
VARK Model (Learning Styles)
- The tech-dependent learning style aligns with the VARK model, where
preferences for online search activities may indicate alignment with the
Reading/Writing learning style. Seeking help from classmates and relatives
may align with social learning tendencies in the VARK model.
Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes):
- The respondents' reliance on technology for learning reflects the influence
of observational learning, as per the Social Cognitive Theory. The experiences
and actions of those around them, including teachers, friends, and family
members, impact how students view and adapt to technology-based learning.
Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes):
- The tech-dependent learning style aligns with the autonomy emphasized
in the Self-Determination Theory. Students' use of technology reflects their
control over the learning process and their competence in navigating a tech-
driven educational environment.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and
Attitudes)
- The acknowledgment of both cognitive and emotional processes in learning
aligns with the tech-dependent learning style. Students' cognitive activities,
such as searching the internet, are intertwined with their affective experiences
during modular learning.
In conclusion, the concept of technology-dependent learning described in the
interpretation aligns with the challenges and trends identified in the studies
and theories mentioned. The respondents' reliance on technology reflects the
broader landscape of education in the digital age, where technology plays a
significant role in shaping attitudes, learning styles, and academic outcomes.
4. Collaborative Learning (Respondents 6 and 10)
Respondent 6
Honestly, I am very struggle about my modules in answering but because of
the help of my sister and brother I finish my modules.
- Respondent 6, who struggled but succeeded with the help of siblings, who
asks for assistance from a sister in the hard parts, highlight the importance
of collaboration and familial support. Collaborative learning is evident,
emphasizing the role of interpersonal relationships in overcoming academic
challenges.
The description of collaborative learning among respondents, particularly
Respondent 6 aligns with various studies and theories in the field of
education:
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021)
- Collaborative learning aligns with the suggested need for parents to attend
seminars and review learning activities. The involvement of siblings or family
members in assisting with modules resonates with the importance of familial
support mentioned in the study.
Bacomo et al. (2022)
- The collaborative learning approach reflects the positive impact of
attitudes on performance. The support from siblings or family members, as
described by respondents, contributes to a positive learning attitude,
supporting Bacomo et al.'s findings on the significant relationship between
attitude and performance.
Tuckel (2023)
- The preference for in-person classes and the recognition of students'
distinct features, such as stress and unsuitable home environments, aligns
with the need for collaborative learning. Collaborative efforts with family
members may mitigate the challenges faced by students in unsuitable home
environments.
Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes)
- Collaborative learning is in line with Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory,
where observational learning from family members positively influences
attitudes towards modular learning. Siblings acting as role models and
providing support align with the theory's emphasis on social influence.
Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes)
- Collaborative learning demonstrates relatedness and competence, as
suggested by Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory. Students seeking
help from family members and working together with siblings exemplify the
importance of these factors in their attitudes toward learning.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and
Attitudes)
- Collaborative learning reflects the connection between cognitive and
emotional processes. Working with siblings or family members involves both
cognitive activities, such as problem-solving, and emotional experiences, such
as the sense of support and accomplishment.
In conlusion, the collaborative learning described by respondents aligns with
the recommendations and findings of various studies and theories. The
emphasis on family support, positive attitudes, and the recognition of distinct
features affecting learning is consistent with the broader educational research
landscape.
Time Management (Respondent 8)
Respondent 8
My learning styles is seeking for help of other and then manage my own time
is answering the per subject modules.
- Respondent 8 mentions seeking help from others whilemanaging their own
time to answer subject modules. This indicates a conscious effort towards
time management, a crucial skill in modular learning. Effectively managing
time can lead to a more organized and productive learning experience.
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021)
- The emphasis on time management by Respondent 8 aligns with the
challenges faced by parents highlighted in Agaton and Cueto's study. Parents
mentioned the insufficient time allotted for numerous learning activities. The
conscious effort towards time management resonates with the need for a
review of learning activities and parent attendance in seminars for better
support.
Bacomo et al. (2022)
- Bacomo et al.'s findings support the alignment as the study confirms that
attitude plays a significant role in performance. Respondent 8's conscious
effort towards time management can be seen as a positive attitude towards
learning, potentially contributing to better performance.
Tuckel (2023)
- Tuckel's study on students preferring asynchronous online learning
indicates the importance of time management, as asynchronous learning
often allows for more flexible schedules. Respondent 8's approach aligns with
this preference, showcasing adaptability to the challenges presented by the
pandemic and online learning.
Özüdogru (2022)
- The correlation between time management and positive attitudes towards
e-learning aligns with Özüdogru's findings. Respondent 8's effort in managing
their own time reflects a positive attitude towards modular learning,
suggesting a potential positive correlation with their learning style.
Estoque, I. J. A. (2022)
- The need for parents to become proficient readers and effectively
implement reading teaching in modular distance learning, as mentioned in
Estoque's study, may require efficient time management. Respondent 8's
approach aligns with the broader theme of parents taking on roles in their
children's education, emphasizing the importance of time management.
VARK Model (Learning Styles)
- Time management can be linked to learning styles within the VARK model.
Respondent 8's emphasis on managing their own time may align with a
preference for a particular learning style, such as a sequential or organized
approach.
Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes)
- Time management, as demonstrated by Respondent 8, can influence
attitudes towards learning. In the context of Social Cognitive Theory,
observing effective time management practices, either from peers or role
models, may positively impact attitudes and behaviors towards modular
learning.
Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes)
- Respondent 8's conscious effort towards time management aligns with the
autonomy aspect of Self-Determination Theory. Taking control of one's time
is indicative of autonomy, which contributes to a positive attitude and
motivation towards learning.
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and
Attitudes)
- Time management can impact both cognitive and affective aspects of
learning. Effectively managing time may reduce stress (affective) and enhance
the cognitive aspects of learning, aligning with the principles of Mayer's
Cognitive-Affective Theory.
2. Attitudes of students
Concentration and Timing
Respondent 1
I do most of the activities every night for me to concentrate on it. I concentrate
most of the time in night.
Respondent 2
My attitude toward modular learning is sometimes I feel well to do those
activities given but there is a time that I feel lazy because off too many activities.
- Respondent 1 emphasizes the need to concentrate on activities at night,
suggesting a personal preference for nocturnal study sessions.
- Respondent 2 highlights the variable nature of their attitude, expressing
both positive and negative sentiments depending on the workload and
activities.
Aligns with the VARK Model (Learning Styles), Respondent 1's preference for
nocturnal study sessions aligns with the VARK model, showcasing individual
learning style preferences. The VARK model suggests that individuals may
have different preferences for visual, auditory, reading/writing, and
kinesthetic learning.
Negative Emotions
Respondent 3
My attitudes toward modular learning is cursing my modules and I feel stress
when I see it.
Respondent 4
I feel hatred when I see my modules that are not answered.
Respondent 7
I feel sick when I see my module not answered
Respondent 6
I feel like I am lazy when I think about my module.
Respondent 8
I don’t like answering my module because I feel exhausted
- A recurring theme is the experience of stress, hatred, and sickness
associated with seeing unanswered modules (Respondents 3, 4, 7).
- Feeling lazy, especially when thinking about modules (Respondents 2, 6),
and exhaustion during the process of answering (Respondent 8) also emerge
as prevalent negative emotions.
Relevant to Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes), The experiences of stress,
hatred, and sickness (Respondents 3, 4, 7) can be understood in the context
of Self-Determination Theory. Lack of autonomy and competence in dealing
with modules may contribute to negative attitudes. The need for autonomy is
a key aspect of this theory.
Aversion and Disinterest
Respondent 5
I feel sleepy when I see those shit modules.
- Respondent 5 expresses a strong aversion, associating modules with
negative language ("sh*t modules") and reporting a feeling of sleepiness.
- Respondent 8 dislikes answering modules due to exhaustion, suggesting
a potential lack of motivation or interest.
Corresponds with Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes), Respondent 5's strong
aversion and negative language align with Social Cognitive Theory.
Observational learning from peers, teachers, or family members may
influence students' attitudes toward modular learning.
Positive Attitudes
Respondent 9
I feel happy to answer rather than going school
Respondent 10
I got easily distracted while answering my modules and feel bad for it
- Respondent 9 stands out as having a positive attitude, expressing
happiness in answering modules compared to attending school.
- Respondent 10 acknowledges distraction during module answering but
also feels bad about it, indicating a potential desire for improvement.
Consistent with Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes), Respondent 9's
positive attitude can be interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination
Theory. Feeling happy to answer modules compared to attending school may
suggest a sense of autonomy and relatedness to the learning process.
In line with Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, Respondent
10's acknowledgment of being easily distracted during module answering
aligns with the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media. This theory
emphasizes the connection between cognitive processes and emotional
experiences during learning. The distraction may be seen as a cognitive
aspect, while feeling bad about it suggests an effective response.
Relevant to VARK Model (Learning Styles), Respondent 10's admission of
distraction could be indicative of a specific learning style or preference.
Understanding and accommodating individual preferences, as emphasized in
the VARK model, can be crucial for optimizing the modular learning
experience.
Diverse Responses
- The responses show a wide spectrum of attitudes, ranging from positive
and motivated to negative and stressful.
- The reasons behind these attitudes appear multifaceted, including
workload, personal preferences, and the perceived difficulty or tediousness of
modules.
- The negative sentiments and stress reported by several respondents
suggest potential challenges or areas of improvement in the design or
implementation of modular learning.
- Understanding individual preferences and providing support for
challenges such as distraction or exhaustion could enhance the overall
experience.
3. How does students learning styles and attitudes toward modular
learning affects their academic performance?
The analysis of students' learning styles and attitudes towards modular
learning reveals critical insights into potential implications for academic
performance. Students displaying a sequential approach, prioritizing
easier tasks before more challenging ones, suggest a structured learning
style that aligns with the need for well-organized modular content. Those
leaning towards verbal and social learning emphasize the importance of
collaboration and communication, highlighting the need for diverse
learning support. Technology-dependent learners, relying heavily on the
internet, underscore the significance of ensuring accessible and reliable
technology in modular education. Collaborative learning experiences,
especially with family members, demonstrate the positive impact of
interpersonal relationships on overcoming academic challenges.
Additionally, students emphasizing time management skills underscore
the importance of designing modules with realistic time considerations.
Attitudinally, a spectrum of responses from positive motivation to negative
stress underscores the need for personalized support mechanisms.
Recommendations include tailoring content to diverse learning styles,
ensuring reliable technology access, fostering a collaborative learning
environment, promoting time management skills, and maintaining a
continuous feedback loop for iterative improvement. Ultimately,
understanding and addressing the intricate relationship between learning
styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are pivotal in
optimizing academic outcomes.
CHAPTER V
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation
Summary of findings
The primary objective of this research was to identify learning styles of
students toward modular learning. This research was descriptive qualitative.
The research findings shed light on diverse learning styles and attitudes
among students engaged in modular learning. A significant number of
respondents, including 1, 9, and 10, exhibit a sequential learning approach,
prioritizing easier tasks before tackling more challenging ones. This aligns
with existing studies and theories emphasizing the benefits of breaking down
complex tasks for organized learning. Respondents 2 and 7 highlight a
preference for verbal and social learning, emphasizing communication and
collaboration, supported by various studies, including those of Agaton, Cueto,
Bacomo, Tuckel, and Özüdogru.
Technology dependence emerges as a prominent theme among
respondents 3, 4, and 5, who rely heavily on the internet for searches and
assistance. This tech-dependent learning style aligns with broader
educational trends, as corroborated by Agaton, Bacomo, Tuckel, Özüdogru,
and the VARK model. Collaborative learning, as exemplified by Respondent 6
with support from siblings, resonates with studies by Agaton, Bacomo,
Tuckel, and aligns with theories such as Social Cognitive Theory and Self-
Determination Theory, emphasizing the positive impact of interpersonal
relationships on attitudes and performance.
Additionally, time management emerges as a crucial factor, with
Respondent 8 explicitly expressing a conscious effort to seek help while
managing their own time. This aligns with the challenges faced by parents, as
highlighted in Agaton and Cueto's study, and is consistent with the emphasis
on time management in Tuckel's findings. Respondent 8's approach also
aligns with the broader context of parents taking on roles in children's
education, as indicated by Estoque's study. The emphasis on time
management correlates with positive attitudes and effective learning styles,
supporting theories like Self-Determination Theory and Cognitive-Affective
Theory of Learning with Media.
The findings related to students' attitudes and concentration/timing in
modular learning reveal a spectrum of emotional experiences and preferences.
Respondent 1's emphasis on concentrating during nocturnal study sessions
aligns with the VARK Model, indicating individual learning style preferences.
Conversely, negative emotions are prevalent among several respondents, with
stress, hatred, and sickness associated with unanswered modules. These
negative sentiments resonate with the principles of Self-Determination
Theory, suggesting a potential lack of autonomy and competence in dealing
with modules. Additionally, aversion and disinterest are evident, as seen in
Respondent 5's strong aversion and sleepiness linked to module viewing.
Social Cognitive Theory explains how observational learning from peers or
family members can influence attitudes, contributing to aversion. On a
positive note, Respondent 9 displays a happy attitude towards answering
modules, consistent with the autonomy and relatedness aspects of Self-
Determination Theory. Respondent 10's acknowledgment of distraction aligns
with the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, emphasizing the
interplay between cognitive processes and emotional experiences. Overall,
understanding and accommodating diverse attitudes and learning styles are
crucial for optimizing the modular learning experience.
The research on students' learning styles and attitudes towards modular
learning provides crucial insights into the potential impact on academic
performance. The identified learning styles, including a sequential approach,
verbal and social learning preferences, and technology-dependent tendencies,
highlight the diverse ways students engage with modular content.
Collaborative learning experiences, particularly with family members, emerge
as positive contributors to overcoming academic challenges. The emphasis on
time management skills underscores the importance of designing modules
with realistic time considerations. Attitudinally, the wide spectrum of
responses, ranging from positive motivation to negative stress, emphasizes
the need for personalized support mechanisms. The recommendations,
encompassing tailoring content to diverse learning styles, ensuring reliable
technology access, fostering collaboration, promoting time management
skills, and maintaining a feedback loop, provide actionable strategies for
enhancing modular learning experiences. Ultimately, recognizing and
addressing the intricate relationship between learning styles, attitudes, and
modular learning experiences are key in optimizing academic outcomes for
students.
Conclusion
The focus of this study is learning styles and attitudes of students
toward modular learning. In this research descriptive qualitative was applied.
The respondents of this research are the selected students of grade 11
HUMMS of Mayoyao National High School (MNHS).
In conclusion, the research findings provide valuable insights into the
diverse learning styles and attitudes of students engaged in modular learning.
The prevalence of a sequential learning approach, as observed in respondents
1, 9, and 10, highlights the importance of task prioritization and structured
learning for effective engagement with modular content. The preference for
verbal and social learning, exemplified by respondents 2 and 7, underscores
the significance of communication and collaboration in the modular learning
process, aligning with established studies and theories.Moreover, the
emergence of technology dependence among respondents 3, 4, and 5 reflects
the growing role of the internet in modern education. This aligns with broader
educational trends and emphasizes the need for accessible and reliable
technology in modular learning. Collaborative learning experiences,
particularly those involving family support, as seen in Respondent 6, resonate
with theories like Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Determination Theory,
highlighting the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on attitudes
and academic performance.
The research also underscores the critical role of time management, as
evidenced by Respondent 8's conscious effort to seek help while managing
their own time. This aligns with challenges faced by parents, emphasizing the
importance of efficient time allocation in modular learning. The emphasis on
time management correlates with positive attitudes and effective learning
styles, supporting theories such as Self-Determination Theory and Cognitive-
Affective Theory of Learning with Media.
In light of these findings, it becomes clear that a tailored and supportive
approach, accounting for diverse learning styles and attitudes, is essential for
optimizing the modular learning experience. The recommendations derived
from the research provide practical strategies for educators and policymakers
to enhance modular learning outcomes, ensuring a more inclusive and
effective educational environment for students.
In conclusion, the research on students' attitudes and
concentration/timing in modular learning provides valuable insights into the
multifaceted nature of their experiences. The varied preferences for study
timings, such as Respondent 1's nocturnal concentration, highlight the
importance of recognizing individual learning style preferences, aligning with
the principles of the VARK Model. However, the prevalence of negative
emotions, including stress and aversion, suggests potential challenges in the
modular learning environment. These negative sentiments resonate with the
tenets of Self-Determination Theory, pointing towards the need for fostering
autonomy and competence in dealing with modules. The aversion and
disinterest observed in some respondents, as explained by Social Cognitive
Theory, underscore the influence of observational learning on attitudes. On a
positive note, the presence of a happy attitude in Respondent 9 aligns with
the autonomy and relatedness aspects of Self-Determination Theory,
emphasizing the potential for positive experiences in modular learning. The
acknowledgment of distractions by Respondent 10 corresponds with the
Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, emphasizing the interplay
between cognitive processes and emotional experiences. In summary,
recognizing and accommodating diverse attitudes and learning styles are
pivotal for optimizing the modular learning experience and fostering positive
academic outcomes.
The research reveals the intricate connection between students' learning
styles, attitudes, and the effectiveness of modular learning. Recognizing
diverse styles such as sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent,
emphasizes the importance of tailoring education to individual preferences.
Collaborative learning, especially within families, proves beneficial for
academic success. The significance of time management skills is highlighted
for effective engagement with modular content. The varying attitudinal
responses underscore the need for personalized support. Recommendations
provide practical strategies for educators to optimize modular learning,
acknowledging the multifaceted nature of student preferences. Ultimately,
understanding and addressing the complex relationship between learning
styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are crucial for maximizing
academic outcomes and fostering a positive educational environment.
Recommendation
The researcher makes the following recommendations for learning styles
and attitudes of students toward modular learning;
1. Learning Styles
1. Customized Learning Paths
- Implement a modular learning framework that allows for flexibility,
enabling students to prioritize tasks based on their preferred sequential or
non-sequential approach. Customizable learning paths can accommodate
individual learning styles and enhance engagement.
2. Technology Integration and Accessibility
- Recognize the growing role of technology, especially the internet, in
education. Ensure accessible and reliable technology for all students to
support technology-dependent learning styles. Implement platforms and
resources that align with the preferences and needs of tech-dependent
learners.
3. Promote Collaborative Learning Environments
- Encourage collaborative learning experiences within families and
communities. Develop initiatives that involve family support in modular
learning, aligning with the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on
attitudes and academic performance.
4. Effective Communication Strategies
- Recognize the importance of verbal and social learning preferences.
Implement communication strategies within modular content, such as
discussion forums or virtual collaborations, to enhance collaborative learning
and engagement.
5. Time Management Skill Development
- Integrate time management skill development into modular learning
programs. Provide resources and guidance to help students effectively manage
their time, aligning with positive attitudes and efficient learning styles.
6. Continuous Feedback Mechanisms
- Establish regular feedback mechanisms to understand evolving student
preferences and challenges. Use this feedback to iteratively adjust modular
content, ensuring ongoing alignment with diverse learning styles and
attitudes.
7. Professional Development for Educators
- Provide professional development opportunities for educators to enhance
their understanding of diverse learning styles and attitudes. Equip them with
strategies to tailor their instructional approaches and support students more
effectively in the modular learning environment.
2. Attitudes
1. Individualized Study Timings
- Recognize and accommodate diverse study timing preferences, such as
nocturnal concentration, to align with individual learning styles.
- Implement flexible schedules or asynchronous learning options to cater to
students with varied concentration patterns.
2. Addressing Negative Emotions
- Develop strategies to address and mitigate negative emotions, especially
stress and aversion, commonly reported by respondents.
- Introduce stress management workshops or resources within the modular
learning environment to support students in coping with challenges.
3. Fostering Autonomy and Competence
- Apply principles from Self-Determination Theory to foster autonomy and
competence in students dealing with modular content.
- Provide guidance and resources that empower students to take control of
their learning journey, promoting a sense of competence and autonomy.
4. Observational Learning Support
- Acknowledge the influence of observational learning on attitudes, as
indicated by aversion and disinterest in some respondents.
- Implement positive role models, success stories, or testimonials within the
modular learning platform to inspire a more positive attitude.
5. Promoting Positive Experiences
- Emphasize the positive experiences highlighted by Respondent 9, who
expressed a happy attitude.
- Encourage a supportive and inclusive learning environment that fosters
autonomy and relatedness, contributing to positive experiences for all
students.
6. Cognitive and Emotional Support
- Recognize the interplay between cognitive processes and emotional
experiences, as suggested by Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with
Media.
- Provide resources or tools that address distractions and enhance cognitive
focus during modular learning activities.
3. Students Learning Styles and Attitudes Toward Modular Learning
Affects Their Academic Performance
1. Tailoring Instruction:
- Acknowledge and accommodate diverse learning styles, including
sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent preferences.
- Design modular content that allows flexibility for individualized learning
approaches.
2. Promoting Collaborative Learning
- Encourage collaborative learning experiences, particularly within family
contexts.
- Implement group activities and discussions to foster a sense of shared
learning and support.
3. Emphasizing Time Management Skills
- Integrate time management strategies into modular learning resources.
- Provide guidance and resources to help students develop effective time
management habits.
4. Personalized Support Mechanisms
- Recognize the varying attitudinal responses of students towards modular
learning.
- Establish personalized support mechanisms, such as counseling services
or mentorship programs, to address individual needs.
5. Professional Development for Educators
- Provide training and professional development opportunities for educators
to enhance their understanding of diverse learning styles and effective
instructional strategies in modular settings.
6. Iterative Feedback Loop
- Establish a continuous feedback loop to gather insights from students
about their experiences with modular learning.
- Use feedback to refine and adapt modular content to better align with
student preferences and needs.
7. Technological Integration
- Ensure reliable and equitable access to technology for all students.
- Integrate technology-enhanced learning resources to cater to the
preferences of technology-dependent learners.
8. Fostering a Positive Learning Environment
- Create a positive and inclusive educational environment that recognizes
the unique qualities of each student.
- Promote a culture of mutual respect and understanding among students
and educators.
References
Öçal, S. E., Avci, S. Ç., Işık, G., Yeşilçınar, İ., Can, S. Z., & Çetişli, N. E. (2023).
Nursing students’ learning styles and attitudes towards learning: A
cross-sectional study. Yükseköğretim Dergisi.
https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1252746
What are Learning Styles. (n.d.).
https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/introduction.htm
Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words. (2020). In
Dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/attitude
Hsu, H., & Sung, T. (2023). An analysis of the learning styles and attitudes of
foreign students in a post-baccalaureate medical education program.
BMC Medical Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-
04487-8
Natividad, M. R. A., & Batang, B. L. (2018). Students’ Perceptual Learning
Styles and Attitudes toward Communicative Language Teaching. TESOL
International Journal, 13(4), 104–120.
http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1244108.pdf
Bacomo, A. C. C., Daculap, L. P., Ocampo, M. G. O., Paguia, C. D., Pentang,
J., & Bautista, R. M. (2022). Modular Learning Efficiency: Learner’s
attitude and performance towards Self-Learning modules. International
Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 4(2), 60–72.
https://doi.org/10.54476/s149512
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021). Learning at home: Parents’ lived
experiences on distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the
Philippines. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in
Education, 10(3), 901. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.21136
Olivo, M. G. (2021). Parents’ perception on printed modular distance learning
in Canarem Elementary School: Basis for proposed action plan.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2(4), 296–309.
https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.04.03
MSEd, K. C. (2023, February 28). Overview of VARK learning styles. Verywell
Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/vark-learning-styles-2795156
Health Behavior and Health Education | Part Three, Chapter Eight: Key
Constructs. (n.d.). https://www.med.upenn.edu/hbhe4/part3-ch8-
key-
constructs.shtml#:~:text=Social%20Cognitive%20Theory%20(SCT)%20
is,the%20construct%20called%20Reciprocal%20Determinism.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Self-Determination Theory. In Elsevier
eBooks (pp. 486–491). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-
8.26036-4
Canada, M. H. (2021, May 13). Richard Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of
Multimedia Learning. McGraw-Hill Canada.
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of-multimedia-learning
Özüdogru, G. (n.d.). Preservice Teachers’ E-Learning Styles and Attitudes
toward E-Learning.
https://eric.ed.gov/?q=LEARNING+STYLES+%26+ATTITUDES+OF+ST
UDENTS++TOWARD+MODULAR+LEARNING+&id=EJ1345423
Estoque, I. J. A. (2022, January 7). Teacher’s Role in Reading Instruction of K
to 3 Stages during Modular Distance Learning.
https://eric.ed.gov/?q=LEARNING+STYLES++OF+STUDENTS++TOWA
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Tuckel, P. (2023). Student Attitudes towards Distance Learning at a Large
Urban Public College.
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LEARNING STYLES & ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARD MODULAR LEARNING IN MAYOYAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

  • 1. LEARNING STYLES & ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARD MODULAR LEARNING IN MAYOYAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL A Research Presented to the Faculty of Mayoyao National High School Balangbang, Mayoyao, Ifugao In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Practical Research 1 ALDRIN B. BOOCAN
  • 2. JULY 2021 APPROVAL SHEET This research LEARNING STYLES & ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARD MODULAR LEARNING Prepared and submitted by ALDRIN B. BOOCAN is hereby approved as a requirement in the subject, Practical Research 1
  • 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The successful completion of this endeavor owes its realization to the invaluable participation and assistance of numerous individuals, whose names may not all be explicitly mentioned. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, special recognition is extended to certain individuals whom I would like to express deep appreciation to: Joan B. Boocan, my mother, and Ms. Cherry Ann Lopnao, my Practical Research teacher, for their unwavering support, kindness, patience, and understanding. I am also profoundly grateful to all my relatives, friends, classmates, and others who have been integral to my journey. Your support, both moral and financial, along with your physical and spiritual presence, has played an essential role in my accomplishment. Thank you. Above all, heartfelt gratitude is extended to our Great Almighty, the bestower of knowledge and wisdom, for His boundless love and guidance. Thank you. CHERRY ANN A. LOPNAO Subject Teacher
  • 4. DEDICATION This study is dedicated to God, our Almighty creator, The strong pillar that supports me, The source of my inspiration, wisdom, knowledge, and understanding. God, the wellspring of my strength. To my family, the constant helpers and endless inspirations. To my teachers, guiding me as mentors, superiors, and colleagues. To my friends, the boosters who uplift me in times of low spirits. And to my classmates, especially those who helped correct my grammar. While I may not mention everyone individually, I extend my heartfelt thanks to all those who have been part of this journey. Your presence has made a significant impact, and I am truly grateful. Thank you all.
  • 5. Abstract This research delves into the challenges posed by the shift to modular learning at Mayoyao National High School during the pandemic, focusing on the learning styles and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMMS students. The study, employing a descriptive qualitative approach, explores the diverse approaches students employ in modular learning and their corresponding attitudes. Findings reveal sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent learning styles, emphasizing the importance of tailored and supportive approaches. Collaborative learning experiences, time management skills, and a spectrum of attitudinal responses are crucial aspects. The recommendations underscore the need for customizable learning paths, technology integration, and fostering collaborative environments. The study concludes that recognizing and addressing the intricate relationship between learning styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are key in optimizing academic outcomes for students. The impact on academic performance highlights the influence of tailoring instruction, promoting collaborative learning, emphasizing time management, and fostering a positive learning environment. Ultimately, the research provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to enhance modular learning outcomes in the face of unprecedented educational challenges.
  • 6. CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Now a days many students and parents are struggled to the modular learning on how they were going to teach their children. This pandemic has a big impact to us as it changed many lives, industry, and many more. The method that different student’s study is known as their learning style. The preferred method that a person uses to take in, process, understand, and remember information is referred to as their learning style. The four primary modes of learning are kinaesthetic, tactile, auditory, and visual TopHat, (2019). Attitudes refers to way, attitude, sentiment, location, etc., about a person or object; propensity or orientation, particularly mental unfavorable sentiments; attitudes of the group. An acceptable or expressive body position or posture can convey a feeling, action, or other emotion. Examples include a relaxed or menacing attitude according to Dictionary.com, (2020). Different pupils have different learning styles and attitudes based on how well they comprehend, organize, process, and recognize what they have learned. Because of their unique individual variations, every student has a varied set of learning tactics and attitudes Hsu, H., & Sung, T. (2023). A person's approach to learning and how they process knowledge are largely determined by their learning style (Dikmen et al., 2018; Feldman et
  • 7. al., 2014). Conversely, an individual's emotional and cognitive reactions to the learning process are referred to as their attitude towards learning. There are numerous ways to define, categorize, and identify learning styles. These are typically broad trends that provide instruction and learning a direction. Another way to think of learning style is as a collection of elements, attitudes, and behaviors that help a person learn in a certain setting. Learning styles have an impact on how teachers instruct, how students learn, and how the two interact. Every individual is born with certain predisposition toward specific styles; nevertheless, these biological or inherited traits are shaped by development, maturity level, culture, and life events. Because the learner's contributions to the learning process are just as much a part of the context as the significant aspects of the experience itself, style can be thought of as a "contextual" variable or construct (web.cortland.edu). As a student of Mayoyao National High School (MNHS) we experience what they called modular learning which the teacher prepares for it and give bring to the designated area where the students will pick up their modules, then we answer after that we will bring our answer to the school and other far barangay was bring in the barangay hall to be collected. Being student, we feel sad to not enter in the classroom because we do not learn just like before as we are just only answering it without understanding and we do not comprehend it. Most of the students I ask about how they feel about the modular learning then most of them said that they don’t like it, they don’t understand what they are answering and they do not learn from it. In light of the challenges posed by the transition to modular learning at Mayoyao National High School, this research aims to investigate the learning styles and attitudes of students. Understanding how students adapt to this new learning format is crucial for informing educational strategies and improving the overall learning experience. The study seeks to shed light on the impact of modular learning on student comprehension, engagement, and satisfaction, ultimately contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on effective educational practices during unprecedented times."
  • 8. Statement of the problem This study aimed to gather information/data about learning styles and attitudes of students toward modular learning: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following: 1. What are the learning styles of students toward modular learning? 2. What are the attitudes of students toward modular learning? 3. How does students learning styles and attitudes toward modular learning affects their academic performance? Paradigm of the study - Descriptive qualitative research on Grade 11 HUMSS students at Mayoyao National High School - Purposive sample of 10 students, remote data collection through messenger applications - Interview preparation, participant selection, remote data collection, systematic analysis, interpretation of findings - Learning Styles: - Sequential Approach - Verbal and Social Learning - Technology- Dependent Learning - Collaborative Learning - Time Management - Attitudes: - Concentration and Timing preferences - Negative Emotions (stress, hatred, sickness) - Aversion and Disinterest - Positive Attitudes - Impact on Academic Performance: Input Process Output
  • 9. Significance of the study This study was significant to the following: Students - The findings of this study may empower students by providing insights into their individual learning styles and attitudes toward modular learning. - Armed with this knowledge, students can actively seek assistance from teachers and adapt their learning approaches to maximize the benefits of modular learning. Teachers - The results of the study can act as a valuable resource for teachers, offering a deeper understanding of the diverse learning styles and attitudes among students in the context of modular learning. - This understanding may enable teachers to tailor their instructional methods to better address the needs and preferences of individual students, fostering a more supportive learning environment. Researchers Feedback
  • 10. - For researchers in the field of education, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the impact of learning styles and attitudes on student performance in modular learning settings. - The insights gained may guide future research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective educational strategies in response to evolving learning environments. Educational Institutions - Educational institutions, including Mayoyao National High School, stand to benefit from a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between learning styles, attitudes, and academic performance in the context of modular learning. - The results may inform decision-making processes and guide the development of policies that enhance the overall educational experience for both students and teachers. Publication and Dissemination - The research outcomes, if deemed publishable, can contribute to the academic discourse on effective teaching methodologies and student engagement in the context of modular learning. - Dissemination of the findings may serve as a resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers, fostering a broader impact on educational practices. Scope and delimitation This study concentrates on investigating the learning styles and attitudes of students toward modular learning within the specific context of Mayoyao National High School (MNHS). The research adopts a descriptive approach to comprehensively understand and describe the learning dynamics associated with modular learning. Focus of the Study
  • 11. - The primary focus is on exploring the learning styles and attitudes of students participating in modular learning at MNHS. - The study aims to identify the diverse approaches students employ in modular learning and the corresponding attitudes they exhibit towards this mode of education. Type of Research - This research is classified as descriptive, intending to provide a detailed account of the learning styles and attitudes prevalent among students engaging in modular learning. Respondents - The respondents for this study consist of a carefully selected group of students from Mayoyao National High School. - The selection process ensures representation across different grade levels, gender, and academic performance to capture a comprehensive understanding of learning dynamics. Timeframe - The study was conducted in the month of June 2021, capturing a snapshot of students' learning styles and attitudes during this specific period. Objectives - The main objectives of the research include determining the various learning styles exhibited by students and assessing their attitudes towards modular learning. - The study aims to explore the impact of learning styles and attitudes on students' academic performance in the context of modular learning. Limitations - The research is limited to a single educational institution, Mayoyao National High School, and may not be representative of broader educational contexts.
  • 12. - The findings are specific to the timeframe of June 2021 and may not capture potential variations in learning styles and attitudes over an extended period. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The outcomes revealed a consensus regarding the efficacy of the enacted educational measures to contain the virus, which includes closing schools across the country and delaying the start of lessons again and the introduction of other instructional methods. Conversely, parents have faced a number of difficulties. from the new virtual learning environment; instruction delivery; inadequate learning results; financial challenges encountered when employed by the family during a lockdown; difficulties utilizing and obtaining technology; and individual issues with stress, health, and learning style Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021). Parents, however, argued that because there were so many learning activities, the time allotted for completing them was insufficient. Furthermore,
  • 13. some parents stated that they were unable to assist their children in completing the learning exercises because they were unable to comprehend certain concepts in the module. The study then suggested that the learning activities be reviewed and that parents attend seminars to help them support their kids during their "classes" at home. To enhance the integration of modular learning in the new normal, an action plan was created Olivo, M. G. (2021). The study's findings of Natividad, M. R. A., & Batang, B. L. (2018). showed that late teenagers favored auditory,kinesthetic, social, tactile, and visual, although the early adult participants preferred auditory; gender was a factor infiguring out their learning preferences; that different courses have different preferences; that different ethnic groups have different learning patterns groups; that spoken language is the optimal way for Filipino learners to learn; that grammar is not a subject that is recommended for study and CLT,preferred, and that employing the six sensory modes is how pupils learn best, among other things. Students' attitudes regarding modular remote learning become dubious in light of the current global crisis. This study examined how effective self- learning modules (SLMs) are in improving learners' performance and attitudes as they become an additional learning tool in the new normal of education. The findings showed a significant relationship between attitude and performance, but not between the learner's attitude and performance in regard to their profile. It has been confirmed that attitude plays a significant role in performance Bacomo et.al. (2022). Base on the study of Tuckel, (2023), a sizable portion of pupils live in unsuitable homes for online learning and have spotty internet. Students almost unanimously favor asynchronous online learning over synchronous methods. Preferring in-person classes over online courses, students rank them higher along multiple variables that encompass all aspects of the classroom experience. The differences that favor in-person instruction are particularly obvious when it comes to students' capacity to focus in class, their motivation to study, and their ability to form friendships with their classmates. Students who choose these alternative instructional modes have
  • 14. distinct features. Freshmen and sophomores, students under stress, and students with unsuitable physical environments at home are the demographics most likely to be more favorable toward in-person instruction. Crucially, though, most students indicate that they would be tempted to enroll in additional online courses in the future. On the other hand, they had better-than-average sentiments regarding online education. Verbal and logical learning styles varied by department, while independent learning types varied by gender. The attitude toward e- learning did not differ based on gender, but it did differ significantly based on department and place of residence. The attitudes of preservice teachers regarding e-learning were found to be positively correlated at a low level with visual-auditory, social, independent, and logical learning styles Özüdogru, (2022). The study of Estoque, I. J. A. (2022) discovered that, given the learners' current learning mode, the reading skills to be learned, and their learning style at this point, Modular Distance Learning has an impact on teachers' roles in reading instruction. With this method, parents or guardians take on the role of direct reading teachers for their children, with teachers serving as facilitators. As a result, parents or guardians need to become proficient readers. Effective implementation of reading teaching in modular distance learning requires cooperation between educators and parents/guardians. The researcher suggested that educators help parents learn to read by giving them adequate reading teaching, tools, and interventions. VARK Model (Learning Styles) The Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic learning styles are all represented in Neil Fleming's VARK model, which offers a framework for understanding how people process information. In the context of modular learning, students' preferences for particular activities, like searching the internet or asking for help, may indicate alignment with particular VARK categories. For example, a preference for written resources may indicate
  • 15. alignment with the Reading/Writing learning style, while asking for help from peers may indicate alignment with social learning tendencies. Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes) The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura highlights how attitudes and behaviors are impacted by observational learning. It is possible to investigate how students' views about modular learning are influenced by the experiences and actions of those around them by looking at the responses within the context of this theoretical framework. Teachers, friends, and family members can act as role models for children, affecting how they view and react to modular learning. Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes) Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory emphasizes relatedness, competence, and autonomy as the main drivers of behavior in people. This theory can be used to examine students' attitudes in the context of modular learning. An understanding of students' views regarding modular learning as a whole may be gained by analyzing the degree to which they feel competent, in control of their education, and related to others. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and Attitudes) The connection between cognitive and emotional processes in learning is highlighted by Richard E. Mayer's Cognitive-emotional Theory of Learning with Media. A detailed investigation of how students' cognitive activities—like surfing the internet—align with their affective experiences—like feeling anxious, content, or preoccupied—during modular learning is made possible by examining the students' answers within this framework.
  • 16. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Research method This study adopts a descriptive qualitative research method, aiming to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the learning styles and attitudes of students toward modular learning in Mayoyao National High School. Qualitative data collection techniques, such as in-depth interviews and open-ended surveys, were employed to gather rich and nuanced insights
  • 17. directly from the participants. The analysis involved the identification of patterns, themes, and commonalities in the collected data, offering a qualitative exploration of the diverse learning dynamics in the context of modular learning. This approach allows for a holistic examination of the experiences and perspectives of the students, contributing to a more profound understanding of the phenomena under investigation. Respondents The participants in this research comprised students from Grade 11 HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences) at Mayoyao National High School. From the total of 42 students in the grade, a purposive sample of 10 students was selected to participate in the study. The selection aimed to ensure representation across diverse backgrounds and academic performance levels. Place of the Study The research was conducted at Mayoyao National High School, specifically focusing on Grade 11 HUMSS students. The study took place in Barangay Balangbang, Mayoyao, Ifugao. This location was chosen due to its accessibility and the concentration of Grade 11 HUMSS students, providing a specific context for the investigation into learning styles and attitudes toward modular learning. Research instrument and procedure Given the constraints imposed by the ongoing pandemic, this study employed a remote data collection approach utilizing mobile technology. The research instrument primarily consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted through social media platforms, particularly messenger applications on cellphones. Procedure Preparation of Questions
  • 18. - The researcher developed a set of interview questions designed to explore the learning styles and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMSS students toward modular learning. Selection of Participants - A purposive sample of 10 Grade 11 HUMSS students from Mayoyao National High School was selected to participate in the study. Remote Data Collection - Due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, interviews were conducted remotely using messenger applications on cellphones. Participants were contacted, and informed consent was obtained before initiating the interviews. Interview Process - The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews, allowing flexibility to explore participant responses in depth. The questions aimed to elicit insights into learning styles, attitudes, and experiences with modular learning. Data Analysis - Collected data were systematically analyzed by the researcher. Themes, patterns, and noteworthy responses were identified to derive meaningful insights. Interpretation of Results - The findings were interpreted in the context of the research objectives, shedding light on the learning dynamics and attitudes of Grade 11 HUMSS students in modular learning environments. Limitations - While the remote approach facilitated data collection during pandemic restrictions, it is essential to acknowledge potential limitations such as the absence of face-to-face interactions and the reliance on self-reporting.
  • 19. CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION Answers/Responds;
  • 20. 1. Learning styles of students Sequential Approach (Respondents 1, 9, and 10) Respondent 1 Towards the modular learning, style my style in learning is that I first answer those easy activities before hard activities. For me, my way of learning is good and I always do it most of the night. Respondent 9 I do first the easiest before going to the hard part of my module while eating my breads Respondent 10 After answering the easiest I do ask my sister to help me in the hard part of the module Respondents 1, 9, and 10 reveal a preference for a sequential approach by tackling easier activities before the harder ones. This suggests a structured learning style where prioritization of tasks is essential. It aligns with the idea of breaking down complex tasks into manageable parts, allowing for a more organized learning process. The respondents' preference for a sequential approach, as highlighted in their tendency to tackle easier activities before harder ones, aligns with certain studies and theories: Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021) - The acknowledgment of difficulties faced by parents and the suggestion to review learning activities resonates with the idea of prioritizing tasks and breaking them down into manageable parts, as seen in the respondents' sequential approach. Bacomo et al. (2022) - The significant relationship between attitude and performance, as indicated in Bacomo et al.'s study, supports the idea that the structured learning style demonstrated by the respondents, such as the sequential approach, can impact their attitudes and, subsequently, their performance. Tuckel (2023)
  • 21. - Tuckel's findings on students preferring asynchronous online learning align with the sequential approach exhibited by the respondents. Sequential learners may find asynchronous methods more conducive to their structured learning style. Özüdogru (2022) - The variations in verbal and logical learning styles and independent learning types align with the individualized preferences within the sequential approach. Different departments and places of residence may influence the way students structure their learning. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media - Mayer's theory emphasizes the connection between cognitive and emotional processes. The respondents' sequential approach may involve a cognitive strategy of prioritizing tasks, and their emotional experiences during modular learning could be influenced by the success of this approach. Verbal and Social Learning (Respondents 2 and 7) Respondent 2 My learning style toward modular learning is verbal learning and social learning. Respondent 7 My learning style toward in modular learning are searching, self-learning and other copy the answer of my a. - Respondent 2 emphasizes verbal and social learning, indicating a preference for communication and interaction. Respondent 7 also mentions searching, self-learning, and copying answers, highlighting a blend of independent and social learning. This aligns with theories that emphasize the importance of communication and collaboration in the learning process. The emphasis on verbal and social learning in the interpretation aligns with several studies and theories: Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021) - The collaborative and social learning styles described by respondents align with Agaton and Cueto's study, where parents faced challenges in understanding concepts in the module. The recommendation for parents to attend seminars resonates with the importance of collaborative learning and support. Bacomo et al. (2022)
  • 22. - The recognition of a significant relationship between attitude and performance aligns with the emphasis on verbal and social learning styles. Effective communication and interaction, as highlighted in the interpretation, correspond with the role of attitude in learners' performance. Tuckel (2023) - The preference for in-person classes over online courses, as indicated in Tuckel's study, aligns with the emphasis on social learning styles. Students' capacity to focus in class, motivation to study, and forming friendships resonate with the social aspects highlighted in the interpretation. Özüdogru (2022) - The variation in verbal and logical learning styles, along with differences in independent learning types, aligns with Özüdogru's findings. The positive correlation between attitudes toward e-learning and social learning styles corresponds with the emphasis on verbal and social learning in the interpretation. Estoque, I. J. A. (2022) - The collaborative and cooperative aspects of modular distance learning described in the interpretation align with Estoque's findings about the impact on teachers' roles and the need for cooperation between educators and parents/guardians. VARK Model (Learning Styles) - The identification of verbal and social learning tendencies in the interpretation aligns with the VARK model's representation of learning styles. Seeking help from peers and emphasizing communication corresponds with the social learning category. Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes) - The acknowledgment of the influence of observational learning and role models, as highlighted in the interpretation, aligns with the Social Cognitive Theory. Family members and peers acting as influencers resonate with the theory's emphasis on observational learning. Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes) - The interpretation aligns with the Self-Determination Theory by emphasizing relatedness and autonomy in learning. Seeking external help, collaborating, and managing one's own time are indicative of learners feeling competent and in control of their education. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media - The recognition of both cognitive and emotional processes in learning, as highlighted in the interpretation, aligns with Mayer's Cognitive-Affective
  • 23. Theory. The acknowledgment of both cognitive activities (searching the internet) and affective experiences during modular learning corresponds with the theory's emphasis on the interplay between cognitive and emotional processes. 3. Technology-Dependent Learning (Respondents 3, 4, and 5) Respondent 3 My learning styles in modular learning are use internet to search, and seek help from my classmates, relatives, and on their teacher. Respondent 4 The learning styles are many but this are this is way search online using google, ask help to other people. Respondent 5 In this pandemic I am part of students who been affected but this is my styles in answering my modules search answer on google. - Respondents 3, 4, and 5 express a reliance on technology, particularly the internet, for learning. Searching online, seeking help from classmates, relatives, and teachers, and using Google for answers are indicative of a tech- dependent learning style. This aligns with modern educational trends that emphasize the integration of technology in the learning process. The statement about technology-dependent learning aligns with various studies and theories in the field of education: Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021) - The reliance on technology, particularly the internet, for learning (as indicated by Respondents 3, 4, and 5) aligns with the challenges highlighted in Agaton and Cueto's study. The difficulties faced by parents in utilizing and obtaining technology resonate with the tech-dependent learning style observed in the respondents. Bacomo et al. (2022) - The acknowledgment of technology's role in learning aligns with Bacomo et al.'s findings on the significant relationship between attitude and performance in self-learning modules (SLMs). The respondents' reliance on online resources and technology for modular learning supports the idea that technology plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes and academic outcomes. Tuckel (2023) - Tuckel's study on students' unsuitable homes for online learning and spotty internet resonates with the challenges mentioned by Respondents 3,
  • 24. 4, and 5. The preference for asynchronous online learning over synchronous methods aligns with the tech-dependent learning style, as asynchronous methods are often more adaptable to varying internet access. Özüdogru (2022) - The study's findings regarding attitudes toward e-learning and the positive correlation with visual-auditory, social, independent, and logical learning styles align with the tech-dependent learning style observed in the respondents. The varying attitudes based on department and place of residence reflect the diverse ways in which students incorporate technology into their learning. VARK Model (Learning Styles) - The tech-dependent learning style aligns with the VARK model, where preferences for online search activities may indicate alignment with the Reading/Writing learning style. Seeking help from classmates and relatives may align with social learning tendencies in the VARK model. Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes): - The respondents' reliance on technology for learning reflects the influence of observational learning, as per the Social Cognitive Theory. The experiences and actions of those around them, including teachers, friends, and family members, impact how students view and adapt to technology-based learning. Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes): - The tech-dependent learning style aligns with the autonomy emphasized in the Self-Determination Theory. Students' use of technology reflects their control over the learning process and their competence in navigating a tech- driven educational environment. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and Attitudes) - The acknowledgment of both cognitive and emotional processes in learning aligns with the tech-dependent learning style. Students' cognitive activities, such as searching the internet, are intertwined with their affective experiences during modular learning. In conclusion, the concept of technology-dependent learning described in the interpretation aligns with the challenges and trends identified in the studies and theories mentioned. The respondents' reliance on technology reflects the broader landscape of education in the digital age, where technology plays a significant role in shaping attitudes, learning styles, and academic outcomes. 4. Collaborative Learning (Respondents 6 and 10) Respondent 6
  • 25. Honestly, I am very struggle about my modules in answering but because of the help of my sister and brother I finish my modules. - Respondent 6, who struggled but succeeded with the help of siblings, who asks for assistance from a sister in the hard parts, highlight the importance of collaboration and familial support. Collaborative learning is evident, emphasizing the role of interpersonal relationships in overcoming academic challenges. The description of collaborative learning among respondents, particularly Respondent 6 aligns with various studies and theories in the field of education: Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021) - Collaborative learning aligns with the suggested need for parents to attend seminars and review learning activities. The involvement of siblings or family members in assisting with modules resonates with the importance of familial support mentioned in the study. Bacomo et al. (2022) - The collaborative learning approach reflects the positive impact of attitudes on performance. The support from siblings or family members, as described by respondents, contributes to a positive learning attitude, supporting Bacomo et al.'s findings on the significant relationship between attitude and performance. Tuckel (2023) - The preference for in-person classes and the recognition of students' distinct features, such as stress and unsuitable home environments, aligns with the need for collaborative learning. Collaborative efforts with family members may mitigate the challenges faced by students in unsuitable home environments. Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes) - Collaborative learning is in line with Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, where observational learning from family members positively influences attitudes towards modular learning. Siblings acting as role models and providing support align with the theory's emphasis on social influence. Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes) - Collaborative learning demonstrates relatedness and competence, as suggested by Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory. Students seeking
  • 26. help from family members and working together with siblings exemplify the importance of these factors in their attitudes toward learning. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and Attitudes) - Collaborative learning reflects the connection between cognitive and emotional processes. Working with siblings or family members involves both cognitive activities, such as problem-solving, and emotional experiences, such as the sense of support and accomplishment. In conlusion, the collaborative learning described by respondents aligns with the recommendations and findings of various studies and theories. The emphasis on family support, positive attitudes, and the recognition of distinct features affecting learning is consistent with the broader educational research landscape. Time Management (Respondent 8) Respondent 8 My learning styles is seeking for help of other and then manage my own time is answering the per subject modules. - Respondent 8 mentions seeking help from others whilemanaging their own time to answer subject modules. This indicates a conscious effort towards time management, a crucial skill in modular learning. Effectively managing time can lead to a more organized and productive learning experience. Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021) - The emphasis on time management by Respondent 8 aligns with the challenges faced by parents highlighted in Agaton and Cueto's study. Parents mentioned the insufficient time allotted for numerous learning activities. The conscious effort towards time management resonates with the need for a review of learning activities and parent attendance in seminars for better support. Bacomo et al. (2022) - Bacomo et al.'s findings support the alignment as the study confirms that attitude plays a significant role in performance. Respondent 8's conscious effort towards time management can be seen as a positive attitude towards learning, potentially contributing to better performance. Tuckel (2023) - Tuckel's study on students preferring asynchronous online learning indicates the importance of time management, as asynchronous learning often allows for more flexible schedules. Respondent 8's approach aligns with
  • 27. this preference, showcasing adaptability to the challenges presented by the pandemic and online learning. Özüdogru (2022) - The correlation between time management and positive attitudes towards e-learning aligns with Özüdogru's findings. Respondent 8's effort in managing their own time reflects a positive attitude towards modular learning, suggesting a potential positive correlation with their learning style. Estoque, I. J. A. (2022) - The need for parents to become proficient readers and effectively implement reading teaching in modular distance learning, as mentioned in Estoque's study, may require efficient time management. Respondent 8's approach aligns with the broader theme of parents taking on roles in their children's education, emphasizing the importance of time management. VARK Model (Learning Styles) - Time management can be linked to learning styles within the VARK model. Respondent 8's emphasis on managing their own time may align with a preference for a particular learning style, such as a sequential or organized approach. Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes) - Time management, as demonstrated by Respondent 8, can influence attitudes towards learning. In the context of Social Cognitive Theory, observing effective time management practices, either from peers or role models, may positively impact attitudes and behaviors towards modular learning. Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes) - Respondent 8's conscious effort towards time management aligns with the autonomy aspect of Self-Determination Theory. Taking control of one's time is indicative of autonomy, which contributes to a positive attitude and motivation towards learning. Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media (Learning Styles and Attitudes) - Time management can impact both cognitive and affective aspects of learning. Effectively managing time may reduce stress (affective) and enhance the cognitive aspects of learning, aligning with the principles of Mayer's Cognitive-Affective Theory. 2. Attitudes of students
  • 28. Concentration and Timing Respondent 1 I do most of the activities every night for me to concentrate on it. I concentrate most of the time in night. Respondent 2 My attitude toward modular learning is sometimes I feel well to do those activities given but there is a time that I feel lazy because off too many activities. - Respondent 1 emphasizes the need to concentrate on activities at night, suggesting a personal preference for nocturnal study sessions. - Respondent 2 highlights the variable nature of their attitude, expressing both positive and negative sentiments depending on the workload and activities. Aligns with the VARK Model (Learning Styles), Respondent 1's preference for nocturnal study sessions aligns with the VARK model, showcasing individual learning style preferences. The VARK model suggests that individuals may have different preferences for visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic learning. Negative Emotions Respondent 3 My attitudes toward modular learning is cursing my modules and I feel stress when I see it. Respondent 4 I feel hatred when I see my modules that are not answered. Respondent 7 I feel sick when I see my module not answered Respondent 6 I feel like I am lazy when I think about my module. Respondent 8 I don’t like answering my module because I feel exhausted - A recurring theme is the experience of stress, hatred, and sickness associated with seeing unanswered modules (Respondents 3, 4, 7).
  • 29. - Feeling lazy, especially when thinking about modules (Respondents 2, 6), and exhaustion during the process of answering (Respondent 8) also emerge as prevalent negative emotions. Relevant to Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes), The experiences of stress, hatred, and sickness (Respondents 3, 4, 7) can be understood in the context of Self-Determination Theory. Lack of autonomy and competence in dealing with modules may contribute to negative attitudes. The need for autonomy is a key aspect of this theory. Aversion and Disinterest Respondent 5 I feel sleepy when I see those shit modules. - Respondent 5 expresses a strong aversion, associating modules with negative language ("sh*t modules") and reporting a feeling of sleepiness. - Respondent 8 dislikes answering modules due to exhaustion, suggesting a potential lack of motivation or interest. Corresponds with Social Cognitive Theory (Attitudes), Respondent 5's strong aversion and negative language align with Social Cognitive Theory. Observational learning from peers, teachers, or family members may influence students' attitudes toward modular learning. Positive Attitudes Respondent 9 I feel happy to answer rather than going school Respondent 10 I got easily distracted while answering my modules and feel bad for it - Respondent 9 stands out as having a positive attitude, expressing happiness in answering modules compared to attending school. - Respondent 10 acknowledges distraction during module answering but also feels bad about it, indicating a potential desire for improvement. Consistent with Self-Determination Theory (Attitudes), Respondent 9's positive attitude can be interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. Feeling happy to answer modules compared to attending school may suggest a sense of autonomy and relatedness to the learning process. In line with Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, Respondent 10's acknowledgment of being easily distracted during module answering aligns with the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media. This theory emphasizes the connection between cognitive processes and emotional
  • 30. experiences during learning. The distraction may be seen as a cognitive aspect, while feeling bad about it suggests an effective response. Relevant to VARK Model (Learning Styles), Respondent 10's admission of distraction could be indicative of a specific learning style or preference. Understanding and accommodating individual preferences, as emphasized in the VARK model, can be crucial for optimizing the modular learning experience. Diverse Responses - The responses show a wide spectrum of attitudes, ranging from positive and motivated to negative and stressful. - The reasons behind these attitudes appear multifaceted, including workload, personal preferences, and the perceived difficulty or tediousness of modules. - The negative sentiments and stress reported by several respondents suggest potential challenges or areas of improvement in the design or implementation of modular learning. - Understanding individual preferences and providing support for challenges such as distraction or exhaustion could enhance the overall experience. 3. How does students learning styles and attitudes toward modular learning affects their academic performance? The analysis of students' learning styles and attitudes towards modular learning reveals critical insights into potential implications for academic performance. Students displaying a sequential approach, prioritizing easier tasks before more challenging ones, suggest a structured learning style that aligns with the need for well-organized modular content. Those leaning towards verbal and social learning emphasize the importance of collaboration and communication, highlighting the need for diverse learning support. Technology-dependent learners, relying heavily on the internet, underscore the significance of ensuring accessible and reliable technology in modular education. Collaborative learning experiences, especially with family members, demonstrate the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on overcoming academic challenges. Additionally, students emphasizing time management skills underscore the importance of designing modules with realistic time considerations. Attitudinally, a spectrum of responses from positive motivation to negative stress underscores the need for personalized support mechanisms. Recommendations include tailoring content to diverse learning styles,
  • 31. ensuring reliable technology access, fostering a collaborative learning environment, promoting time management skills, and maintaining a continuous feedback loop for iterative improvement. Ultimately, understanding and addressing the intricate relationship between learning styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are pivotal in optimizing academic outcomes. CHAPTER V Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation Summary of findings The primary objective of this research was to identify learning styles of students toward modular learning. This research was descriptive qualitative. The research findings shed light on diverse learning styles and attitudes among students engaged in modular learning. A significant number of respondents, including 1, 9, and 10, exhibit a sequential learning approach, prioritizing easier tasks before tackling more challenging ones. This aligns with existing studies and theories emphasizing the benefits of breaking down complex tasks for organized learning. Respondents 2 and 7 highlight a preference for verbal and social learning, emphasizing communication and collaboration, supported by various studies, including those of Agaton, Cueto, Bacomo, Tuckel, and Özüdogru. Technology dependence emerges as a prominent theme among respondents 3, 4, and 5, who rely heavily on the internet for searches and assistance. This tech-dependent learning style aligns with broader educational trends, as corroborated by Agaton, Bacomo, Tuckel, Özüdogru, and the VARK model. Collaborative learning, as exemplified by Respondent 6 with support from siblings, resonates with studies by Agaton, Bacomo, Tuckel, and aligns with theories such as Social Cognitive Theory and Self- Determination Theory, emphasizing the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on attitudes and performance.
  • 32. Additionally, time management emerges as a crucial factor, with Respondent 8 explicitly expressing a conscious effort to seek help while managing their own time. This aligns with the challenges faced by parents, as highlighted in Agaton and Cueto's study, and is consistent with the emphasis on time management in Tuckel's findings. Respondent 8's approach also aligns with the broader context of parents taking on roles in children's education, as indicated by Estoque's study. The emphasis on time management correlates with positive attitudes and effective learning styles, supporting theories like Self-Determination Theory and Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media. The findings related to students' attitudes and concentration/timing in modular learning reveal a spectrum of emotional experiences and preferences. Respondent 1's emphasis on concentrating during nocturnal study sessions aligns with the VARK Model, indicating individual learning style preferences. Conversely, negative emotions are prevalent among several respondents, with stress, hatred, and sickness associated with unanswered modules. These negative sentiments resonate with the principles of Self-Determination Theory, suggesting a potential lack of autonomy and competence in dealing with modules. Additionally, aversion and disinterest are evident, as seen in Respondent 5's strong aversion and sleepiness linked to module viewing. Social Cognitive Theory explains how observational learning from peers or family members can influence attitudes, contributing to aversion. On a positive note, Respondent 9 displays a happy attitude towards answering modules, consistent with the autonomy and relatedness aspects of Self- Determination Theory. Respondent 10's acknowledgment of distraction aligns with the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, emphasizing the interplay between cognitive processes and emotional experiences. Overall, understanding and accommodating diverse attitudes and learning styles are crucial for optimizing the modular learning experience. The research on students' learning styles and attitudes towards modular learning provides crucial insights into the potential impact on academic performance. The identified learning styles, including a sequential approach, verbal and social learning preferences, and technology-dependent tendencies, highlight the diverse ways students engage with modular content. Collaborative learning experiences, particularly with family members, emerge as positive contributors to overcoming academic challenges. The emphasis on time management skills underscores the importance of designing modules with realistic time considerations. Attitudinally, the wide spectrum of
  • 33. responses, ranging from positive motivation to negative stress, emphasizes the need for personalized support mechanisms. The recommendations, encompassing tailoring content to diverse learning styles, ensuring reliable technology access, fostering collaboration, promoting time management skills, and maintaining a feedback loop, provide actionable strategies for enhancing modular learning experiences. Ultimately, recognizing and addressing the intricate relationship between learning styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are key in optimizing academic outcomes for students. Conclusion The focus of this study is learning styles and attitudes of students toward modular learning. In this research descriptive qualitative was applied. The respondents of this research are the selected students of grade 11 HUMMS of Mayoyao National High School (MNHS). In conclusion, the research findings provide valuable insights into the diverse learning styles and attitudes of students engaged in modular learning. The prevalence of a sequential learning approach, as observed in respondents 1, 9, and 10, highlights the importance of task prioritization and structured learning for effective engagement with modular content. The preference for verbal and social learning, exemplified by respondents 2 and 7, underscores the significance of communication and collaboration in the modular learning process, aligning with established studies and theories.Moreover, the emergence of technology dependence among respondents 3, 4, and 5 reflects the growing role of the internet in modern education. This aligns with broader educational trends and emphasizes the need for accessible and reliable technology in modular learning. Collaborative learning experiences, particularly those involving family support, as seen in Respondent 6, resonate with theories like Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Determination Theory, highlighting the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on attitudes and academic performance. The research also underscores the critical role of time management, as evidenced by Respondent 8's conscious effort to seek help while managing their own time. This aligns with challenges faced by parents, emphasizing the importance of efficient time allocation in modular learning. The emphasis on time management correlates with positive attitudes and effective learning styles, supporting theories such as Self-Determination Theory and Cognitive- Affective Theory of Learning with Media. In light of these findings, it becomes clear that a tailored and supportive approach, accounting for diverse learning styles and attitudes, is essential for optimizing the modular learning experience. The recommendations derived
  • 34. from the research provide practical strategies for educators and policymakers to enhance modular learning outcomes, ensuring a more inclusive and effective educational environment for students. In conclusion, the research on students' attitudes and concentration/timing in modular learning provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of their experiences. The varied preferences for study timings, such as Respondent 1's nocturnal concentration, highlight the importance of recognizing individual learning style preferences, aligning with the principles of the VARK Model. However, the prevalence of negative emotions, including stress and aversion, suggests potential challenges in the modular learning environment. These negative sentiments resonate with the tenets of Self-Determination Theory, pointing towards the need for fostering autonomy and competence in dealing with modules. The aversion and disinterest observed in some respondents, as explained by Social Cognitive Theory, underscore the influence of observational learning on attitudes. On a positive note, the presence of a happy attitude in Respondent 9 aligns with the autonomy and relatedness aspects of Self-Determination Theory, emphasizing the potential for positive experiences in modular learning. The acknowledgment of distractions by Respondent 10 corresponds with the Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media, emphasizing the interplay between cognitive processes and emotional experiences. In summary, recognizing and accommodating diverse attitudes and learning styles are pivotal for optimizing the modular learning experience and fostering positive academic outcomes. The research reveals the intricate connection between students' learning styles, attitudes, and the effectiveness of modular learning. Recognizing diverse styles such as sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent, emphasizes the importance of tailoring education to individual preferences. Collaborative learning, especially within families, proves beneficial for academic success. The significance of time management skills is highlighted for effective engagement with modular content. The varying attitudinal responses underscore the need for personalized support. Recommendations provide practical strategies for educators to optimize modular learning, acknowledging the multifaceted nature of student preferences. Ultimately, understanding and addressing the complex relationship between learning styles, attitudes, and modular learning experiences are crucial for maximizing academic outcomes and fostering a positive educational environment. Recommendation
  • 35. The researcher makes the following recommendations for learning styles and attitudes of students toward modular learning; 1. Learning Styles 1. Customized Learning Paths - Implement a modular learning framework that allows for flexibility, enabling students to prioritize tasks based on their preferred sequential or non-sequential approach. Customizable learning paths can accommodate individual learning styles and enhance engagement. 2. Technology Integration and Accessibility - Recognize the growing role of technology, especially the internet, in education. Ensure accessible and reliable technology for all students to support technology-dependent learning styles. Implement platforms and resources that align with the preferences and needs of tech-dependent learners. 3. Promote Collaborative Learning Environments - Encourage collaborative learning experiences within families and communities. Develop initiatives that involve family support in modular learning, aligning with the positive impact of interpersonal relationships on attitudes and academic performance. 4. Effective Communication Strategies - Recognize the importance of verbal and social learning preferences. Implement communication strategies within modular content, such as discussion forums or virtual collaborations, to enhance collaborative learning and engagement. 5. Time Management Skill Development - Integrate time management skill development into modular learning programs. Provide resources and guidance to help students effectively manage their time, aligning with positive attitudes and efficient learning styles. 6. Continuous Feedback Mechanisms - Establish regular feedback mechanisms to understand evolving student preferences and challenges. Use this feedback to iteratively adjust modular content, ensuring ongoing alignment with diverse learning styles and attitudes. 7. Professional Development for Educators - Provide professional development opportunities for educators to enhance their understanding of diverse learning styles and attitudes. Equip them with
  • 36. strategies to tailor their instructional approaches and support students more effectively in the modular learning environment. 2. Attitudes 1. Individualized Study Timings - Recognize and accommodate diverse study timing preferences, such as nocturnal concentration, to align with individual learning styles. - Implement flexible schedules or asynchronous learning options to cater to students with varied concentration patterns. 2. Addressing Negative Emotions - Develop strategies to address and mitigate negative emotions, especially stress and aversion, commonly reported by respondents. - Introduce stress management workshops or resources within the modular learning environment to support students in coping with challenges. 3. Fostering Autonomy and Competence - Apply principles from Self-Determination Theory to foster autonomy and competence in students dealing with modular content. - Provide guidance and resources that empower students to take control of their learning journey, promoting a sense of competence and autonomy. 4. Observational Learning Support - Acknowledge the influence of observational learning on attitudes, as indicated by aversion and disinterest in some respondents. - Implement positive role models, success stories, or testimonials within the modular learning platform to inspire a more positive attitude. 5. Promoting Positive Experiences - Emphasize the positive experiences highlighted by Respondent 9, who expressed a happy attitude. - Encourage a supportive and inclusive learning environment that fosters autonomy and relatedness, contributing to positive experiences for all students. 6. Cognitive and Emotional Support - Recognize the interplay between cognitive processes and emotional experiences, as suggested by Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with Media.
  • 37. - Provide resources or tools that address distractions and enhance cognitive focus during modular learning activities. 3. Students Learning Styles and Attitudes Toward Modular Learning Affects Their Academic Performance 1. Tailoring Instruction: - Acknowledge and accommodate diverse learning styles, including sequential, verbal, and technology-dependent preferences. - Design modular content that allows flexibility for individualized learning approaches. 2. Promoting Collaborative Learning - Encourage collaborative learning experiences, particularly within family contexts. - Implement group activities and discussions to foster a sense of shared learning and support. 3. Emphasizing Time Management Skills - Integrate time management strategies into modular learning resources. - Provide guidance and resources to help students develop effective time management habits. 4. Personalized Support Mechanisms - Recognize the varying attitudinal responses of students towards modular learning. - Establish personalized support mechanisms, such as counseling services or mentorship programs, to address individual needs. 5. Professional Development for Educators - Provide training and professional development opportunities for educators to enhance their understanding of diverse learning styles and effective instructional strategies in modular settings. 6. Iterative Feedback Loop - Establish a continuous feedback loop to gather insights from students about their experiences with modular learning. - Use feedback to refine and adapt modular content to better align with student preferences and needs.
  • 38. 7. Technological Integration - Ensure reliable and equitable access to technology for all students. - Integrate technology-enhanced learning resources to cater to the preferences of technology-dependent learners. 8. Fostering a Positive Learning Environment - Create a positive and inclusive educational environment that recognizes the unique qualities of each student. - Promote a culture of mutual respect and understanding among students and educators. References Öçal, S. E., Avci, S. Ç., Işık, G., Yeşilçınar, İ., Can, S. Z., & Çetişli, N. E. (2023). Nursing students’ learning styles and attitudes towards learning: A cross-sectional study. Yükseköğretim Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1252746 What are Learning Styles. (n.d.). https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/learning/introduction.htm Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words. (2020). In Dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/attitude
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