The document discusses non-verbal communication, including types such as kinesics, proxemics, haptics, and sign language, emphasizing their role in interpersonal interactions. It also identifies barriers to communication that can impede understanding, classified as sender-oriented and receiver-oriented, each with specific examples like poorly expressed messages and inattentive listening. Overall, it highlights the significance of effective communication in preventing misunderstandings and promoting successful interactions.

1. Non-verbal communication and
Barriers to communication
Submitted By:
Mr. Ishan Dey
BBA
IIIrd (C)
ITM University

2. Non-verbal
Communication● Gestures,
● Facial expressions,
● Tone of voice,
● Eye contact (or lack thereof),
● Body language, posture,
● And other ways people can communicate
without using language.
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3. Types of nonverbal
communication
1. KINESICS
2. PROXEMICS
3. HAPTICS
4. OCULESICS
5. OLFACTICS
6. CHRONEMICS
7. CHROMATICS
8. SIGN LANGUAGE
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4. “Verbal and nonverbal activity is a
unified whole, and theory and
methodology should be organized or
created to treat it as such.
-Kenneth. L. Pike.
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5. KINESICS
✘ The word kinesics comes from the root word kinesis,
which means “movement,” and refers to the study of
hand, arm, body, and face movements.
✘ This section outlines the use of gestures, head
movements and posture, eye contact, and facial
expressions as nonverbal communication.
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6. PROXEMICS
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✘ Proxemics refers to the study of how space and distance influence
communication.
✘ We all have varying definitions of what
our “personal space” is, and these
definitions are contextual and depend
on the situation and the relationship.
Although our bubbles are invisible,
people are socialized into the norms of
personal space within their cultural
group.

7. HAPTICS
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✘ Refers to the study of communication by touch. We probably get more
explicit advice and instruction on how to use touch than any other form
of nonverbal communication.
✘ A lack of nonverbal communication competence related to touch could
have negative interpersonal consequences; for example, if we don’t
follow the advice we’ve been given about the importance of a firm
handshake, a person might make negative judgments about our
confidence or credibility.
✘ A lack of competence could have more dire negative consequences,
including legal punishment, if we touch someone inappropriately
(intentionally or unintentionally).

8. OCULESICS
Oculesics, a subcategory of kinesics, is
the study of eye movement, eye
behavior, gaze, and eye-related
nonverbal communication. The specific
definition varies depending on whether
it applies to the fields of medicine or
social science.
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9. OLFACTICS
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✘ Olfactics involves communicative functions
associated with the sense of smell, such as body
odors, use of perfumes, etc. These may be
genetically defined and rely on a more
spontaneous form of communication.

10. CHRONEMICS
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✘ Chronemics refers to the study of how time affects communication.
✘ How long should it take to respond to a customer’s request for
assistance or information? If they call on the phone, how long should
they be on hold? How soon should they expect a response to an
email?
✘ As a skilled business communicator, you will know to anticipate
normative expectations and do your best to meet those
expectations more quickly than anticipated. Your prompt reply or
offer of help in response to a request, even if you cannot solve the
issue on the spot, is often regarded positively, contributing to the
formation of positive communication interactions.

11. CHROMATICS
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✘ Chromatics is communication through the use of color. It falls
in category of nonverbal communication.
✘ Colors of clothing, products or gifts send intended or
unintended messages to the recipient of message.
✘ Hence professionally you need to be cautious what color
clothes you wear during meetings with clients, colleagues,
vendors. Also you need to take extra care to decide the color
for packaging your products or gifts .

12. SIGN LANGUAGE
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✘ Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are
languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey
meaning.
✘ Sign languages are expressed through manual articulations in
combination with non-manual elements. Sign languages are
full-fledged natural languages with their own grammar and
lexicon.
✘ Sign languages are not universal and they are not mutually
intelligible with each other, although there are also striking
similarities among sign languages.

13. They are referred to as
barriers because they create
impediments to the progress
of the interaction.
Identification of these barriers
is extremely important.
According to the role observed
by the two participants, let us
categorize the barriers as:
1. Sender oriented,
2. Receiver-oriented
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BARRIERS
TO
COMMUNICATION

14. 1. Badly Expressed Message
2. Lost in Transmission
3. Semantic Problem
4. Over/Under Communication
5. ‘I’ -Attitude
6. Prejudices
Sender
Oriented
Communicatio
n Barriers
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15. 15
★ Badly Expressed Message : Not being well versed in the topic
under discussion can create problems of this nature. The
sender may not be able to structure his ideas accurately and
efficiently. What he wishes to say and what he finally imparts
may not be the same.
★ Lost in Transmission : The responsibility lies with the sender,
as he should ensure that all channels are free of noise before
commencing communication.
★ Semantic Problem : High and big sounding words look and
sound impressive. But if the receiver is not able to
comprehend the impact of these words, or if they sound
‘Greek’ or ‘Latin’ to him, the entire exercise proves futile.

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★ Over/Under Communication : The quantum of communication
should be just right. Neither should there be excess
information nor should it be too scanty.
★ ‘I’ -Attitude : If the sender starts every sentence with “I”, it
gradually leads to what is referred to as the I-syndrome. He
would not be receptive to changes if suggested by the
receiver; as such, changes would go against his formulation
of certain views.
★ Prejudices : Starting any piece of communication with a bias
or know-it-all attitude can prove to be quite detrimental to
the growth of the communication process. Though it is easier
said than done, still, when communication commences, all
sorts of prejudices should be done away with, and the mind
should be free of bias.

17. Receiver
Oriented
Communication
Barriers
1. Poor Retention
2. Inattentive Listening
3. Tendency to Evaluate
4. Interests and
Attitudes
5. Conflicting
Information
6. Differing Status and
Position
7. Resistance to Change
8. Refutations and
Arguments
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★ Poor Retention : Retention is extremely important during the
interaction. If the receiver has poor retention capability, he
would probably get lost in the course of the proceedings.
★ Inattentive Listening : The errors in listening arise primarily
because the receiver is either not interested in what is being
said, or has other things to concentrate on.
★ Tendency to Evaluate : Being judgmental and evaluative are
both the starting points for miscommunication. Remember, one
mind cannot perform two activities at the same time. If it is
evaluating, listening cannot take place.
★ Interests and Attitudes : “I am not interested in what you are
saying” or “My interest lies in other areas”. Starting any piece of
communication with this kind of indifference can thwart any
attempts at communication.

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★ Conflicting Information : The conflict between the existing
information and fresh one results in the elimination of the latter
unless and until the receiver is cautious and verifies with the
sender the reliability and validity of the message.
★ Differing Status and Position : Position in the organizational
hierarchy is no criterion to determine the strength of ideas and
issues.
★ Resistance to Change : Fixed ideas, coupled with an unwillingness
to change or discuss, hampers listening and results in
miscommunication.
★ Refutations and Arguments : Refutations and arguments are
negative.Trying to communicate with the sender on the premise
that refutations and arguments can yield fruitful results would
prove to be futile.

20. “
CONCLUSION
Ineffective communication can lead to the failure of a
project and even closure of a process or an
organization.
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21. thanks!
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