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Anemia its types , causes , clinical findings
The document discusses anemia, which is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. It defines anemia and describes the types, causes, clinical signs, and treatment. The main types are hemorrhagic, hemolytic, regenerative, non-regenerative, microcytic, macrocytic, aplastic, autoimmune, and reduced erythropoiesis. Common causes in animals include parasites, infections, nutritional deficiencies, and blood loss. Clinical signs are pale mucous membranes, weakness, and tachycardia. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and providing supportive care like iron supplements, transfusions, and rest.
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Anemia its types , causes , clinical findings
- 1. Anemia © Capt DrMuhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army 1
- 2. Intro • Blood isa fluid connective tissue • Func of sup of nutrients gaseous exchange • Tpt of waste products • Any def in blood may result in serious health issues 2© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 3. Sequence • Anemia • Terminology •Types of anemia • Causes of anemia • Clinical findings • Treatment 3© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 4. Anaemia • Fall inhaematocrit (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC) and Haemoglobin conc (Hb) • Clinical signs depends upon amount of blood lost • Pale mucus membranes • Increase in heart rate • Low oxygen carrying capacity • Exercise intolerance • Lab finding decrease in Hb, RBCs count and PCV © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army 4
- 5. Terminology • MCV • Averagevolume of individual cell MCV= PCV ×10 RBCs count • MCHC • Its average conc. of Hb in individual erythrocyte MCHC= Hb ×100 PCV • MCH • It tells us about total Hb. MCH= Hb ×10 avg.no.of RBCs © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army 5
- 6. Types of Anemia •Haemorrhagic Anaemia • Loss of blood • Accident • Fracture • Surgery • Internal haemorrhages • Blood sucking parasites 6© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 7. Types of Anemia •Haemolytic Anaemia • Intravascular hemolysis • Blood parasites • Chemical injury 7© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 8. • Extravascular hemolysis •Antibodies and C3b mediated haemolysis • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) • Anaemia by some infectious agent or drugs 8 Types of Anemia © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 9. Types of Anemia •Regenerative Anaemia • High no of reticulocytes present in blood • A response of bone marrow to RBC loss 9 © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 10. • Non RegenerativeAnaemia • Response of bone marrow is poor • Reticulocytes count is low Types of Anemia 10© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 11. • Microcytic Anaemia •RBC size is smaller than normal 80-100 fL • Due to insufficient Iron in the body Types of Anemia 11© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 12. • Macrocytic Anaemia •RBC size is larger than normal • Due to insufficient haemoglobin in the blood 12 Types of Anemia© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 13. • Aplastic Anaemia •Defective or cessation of regeneration of RBCs • Radiation therapy • Chloramphenicol toxicity • Increased activity of cytotoxic T-cells • FeLV • Plants toxicity (Bracken fern) Types of Anemia 13© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 14. • Auto-immune HaemolyticAnaemia • Animal forms antibodies for its own RBC • Resulting in their haemolysis Types of Anemia 14 © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 15. • Reduced Erythropoiesis •Dec prod of erythrocytes due to dec prod of EPO Types of Anemia 15 © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 16. Causes of Anemia Facioliasisand Haemonchosis in cattle 16© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 17. Babesiasis in allspecies Causes of Anemia 17© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 18. Causes of Anemia Strogylosisin horses 18© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 19. Enzootic haematuria Causes ofAnemia 19© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir
- 20. Anaplasmosis in ruminants Causesof Anemia 20© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 21. Causes of Anemia Equineinfectious anaemia 21© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 22. Leptorspirosis in horse Causesof Anemia 22 © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 23. • Bacillary haemoglobinuria •Post parturient haemoglobinuria • Toxic depression of the erythropoietic activity of bone marrow • Intestinal parasitism • Radiation exposure • Nutritional def of iron & cobalt • Def of folic acid • Sudden exposure to high altitude • Radiation exposure Causes of Anemia 23© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 24. Clinical Findings • Palemucous membranes • Anorexia 24 © Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 25. Clinical Findings • Weakness •Reduced performance • Shock with acute haemorrhage • Muscular weakness • Depression • Tachycardia • Increased depth of respiration • Laboured breathing in terminal stages 25© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 26. Clinical Findings • Jaundice •Haemoglobinuria • Retinal haemorrhages • Splenomegaly • In extreme cases there is • Anoxia of kidneys & muscles • Changes persist even after treatment 26© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
- 27. Treatment • Treatment removalof the primary cause • Non specific treatment include • Haematinic prep • Supportive treatment after transfusion • Iron administered by mouth or parenterally • Vitamin B12 widely used as non specific haematinic • Rest & avoid exertion • Good diet 27© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army
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