causes , types ,clinical findings and treatment of anaemia

1. Anemia
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2. Intro
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue
• Func of sup of nutrients gaseous exchange
• Tpt of waste products
• Any def in blood may result in serious health issues
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3. Sequence
• Anemia
• Terminology
• Types of anemia
• Causes of anemia
• Clinical findings
• Treatment
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4. Anaemia
• Fall in haematocrit (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC) and
Haemoglobin conc (Hb)
• Clinical signs depends upon amount of blood lost
• Pale mucus membranes
• Increase in heart rate
• Low oxygen carrying capacity
• Exercise intolerance
• Lab finding decrease in Hb, RBCs count and PCV
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5. Terminology
• MCV
• Average volume of individual cell
MCV=
PCV ×10
RBCs count
• MCHC
• Its average conc. of Hb in individual erythrocyte
MCHC=
Hb ×100
PCV
• MCH
• It tells us about total Hb.
MCH=
Hb ×10
avg.no.of RBCs
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6. Types of Anemia
• Haemorrhagic Anaemia
• Loss of blood
• Accident
• Fracture
• Surgery
• Internal haemorrhages
• Blood sucking parasites
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7. Types of Anemia
• Haemolytic Anaemia
• Intravascular hemolysis
• Blood parasites
• Chemical injury
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8. • Extravascular hemolysis
• Antibodies and C3b mediated haemolysis
• Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA)
• Anaemia by some infectious agent or drugs
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Types of Anemia
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9. Types of Anemia
• Regenerative Anaemia
• High no of reticulocytes present in blood
• A response of bone marrow to RBC loss
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10. • Non Regenerative Anaemia
• Response of bone marrow is poor
• Reticulocytes count is low
Types of Anemia
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11. • Microcytic Anaemia
• RBC size is smaller than normal 80-100 fL
• Due to insufficient Iron in the body
Types of Anemia
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12. • Macrocytic Anaemia
• RBC size is larger than normal
• Due to insufficient haemoglobin in the blood
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Types of Anemia© Capt Dr Muhammad Aamir Farooq|Pak Army

13. • Aplastic Anaemia
• Defective or cessation of regeneration of RBCs
• Radiation therapy
• Chloramphenicol toxicity
• Increased activity of cytotoxic T-cells
• FeLV
• Plants toxicity (Bracken fern)
Types of Anemia
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14. • Auto-immune Haemolytic Anaemia
• Animal forms antibodies for its own RBC
• Resulting in their haemolysis
Types of Anemia
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15. • Reduced Erythropoiesis
• Dec prod of erythrocytes due to dec prod of EPO
Types of Anemia
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16. Causes of Anemia
Facioliasis and Haemonchosis in cattle
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17. Babesiasis in all species
Causes of Anemia
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18. Causes of Anemia
Strogylosis in horses
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19. Enzootic haematuria
Causes of Anemia
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20. Anaplasmosis in ruminants
Causes of Anemia
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21. Causes of Anemia
Equine infectious anaemia
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22. Leptorspirosis in horse
Causes of Anemia
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23. • Bacillary haemoglobinuria
• Post parturient haemoglobinuria
• Toxic depression of the erythropoietic activity of bone marrow
• Intestinal parasitism
• Radiation exposure
• Nutritional def of iron & cobalt
• Def of folic acid
• Sudden exposure to high altitude
• Radiation exposure
Causes of Anemia
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24. Clinical Findings
• Pale mucous membranes
• Anorexia
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25. Clinical Findings
• Weakness
• Reduced performance
• Shock with acute haemorrhage
• Muscular weakness
• Depression
• Tachycardia
• Increased depth of respiration
• Laboured breathing in terminal stages
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26. Clinical Findings
• Jaundice
• Haemoglobinuria
• Retinal haemorrhages
• Splenomegaly
• In extreme cases there is
• Anoxia of kidneys & muscles
• Changes persist even after treatment
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27. Treatment
• Treatment removal of the primary cause
• Non specific treatment include
• Haematinic prep
• Supportive treatment after transfusion
• Iron administered by mouth or parenterally
• Vitamin B12 widely used as non specific haematinic
• Rest & avoid exertion
• Good diet
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