Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) are obligatory parasites of birds and mammals. Little attention has been given to chewing lice species in Pakistan; hence this is a contribution towards the chewing lice fauna of the country. In the present work, two new species of chewing lice were recovered from common and native bird Acridotheres tristis (Common Myna) (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) in Sindh, Pakistan. During the examination of 80 birds of A. tristis, 65 birds produced two new species of chewing lice, belonging to genus Myrsidea (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and genus Sturnidoecus (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); however, all birds were prevalent to chewing lice of genus Brueelia and Menacanthus. The new species are described in detail, illustrated and compared with their closest allied species found on birds of family Sturnidae.
1) The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and morphological details of the ciliate Nyctotherus periplanetae found in the intestine of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
2) Over two years, 1842 cockroaches were examined and the prevalence of N. periplanetae was found to be 57.77% in 2007 and 60.75% in 2008, with the highest rates occurring after monsoon rains.
3) Morphological analysis found N. periplanetae to be oval in shape, 100-175μ in length, with a straight cytopharynx, irregularly shaped macronucleus, and slit-like cytopy
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and distribution of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in India. The study was conducted over five years and involved collecting bee specimens from different regions of India. A total of six species from two genera were identified. Tetragonula iridipennis and Tetragonula laeviceps were found to be the most commonly distributed species, found in all regions surveyed. The four main species found in South India were Tetragonula praeterita, Tetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula bengalensis and Tetragonula laeviceps. Nesting behaviors also varied between species, with some preferring wood and others
This document summarizes the rediscovery and redescription of the fish species Mystus armatus. It was originally described by Day from rivers in northern Kerala, India, but had been placed in synonymy with M. oculatus. The authors examined specimens of both species collected from their type localities and found M. armatus to be distinct based on morphological differences. Key distinguishing characteristics of M. armatus included a longer head with a median groove and double cephalic fontanels, elongated maxillaries, and a long pelvic fin reaching the anal fin origin. Meristic and morphometric data supported treating M. armatus as a valid separate species from M. oculatus.
Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) associated with M...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Araecerus is genus of beetles of the Anthribidae family which are important economic pests of various crops including coffee (Rubiaceae), with A.fasciculatus (Degeer) being the common pest (weevil) of coffee beans. This paper presents a study in which five undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of M.pachyclados (Rubiceae), a native tree of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species discovered were designated as A. sp.1, A. sp.2, A. sp.3, A. sp.4 and A.sp.5. This was accorded based on differences in body length; scutellum color, size, hair-scales and visibility; length of first and second segments of fore tarsus; apical and subapical teeth-size (mandible and maxillary palpi); declivity of dorsal abdomen; basal-anterior eye markings; lateral eye markings; absence of eye markings; and shape of pygidium. We discovered A. sp.1 has yellowish gold marking inside the base of the eye, A. sp.2 with pygidium almost vertically-flat at abdominal apex, A. sp.3 has eyes without yellowish gold marking and generally dark in color, A. sp.4 with distinct yellowish gold interior-lateral marking in its eye, and A. sp.5 with pygidium pointed at abdominal apex.
- The document describes a new fish species, Mystus menoni, discovered in the Manimala River in Kerala, India.
- M. menoni is distinguished from related species by features such as maxillary barbels reaching the anal fin, a divided median groove on the head, and coloration patterns.
- Six specimens of the new species were collected from the Elankadu area of the Manimala River and used to describe morphological characteristics. Comparisons are made to related Mystus species to justify classifying M. menoni as a new species.
This document describes a new species of fish, Puntius viridis, discovered in the Manimala River in Kerala, India. Key distinguishing characteristics of P. viridis include a combination of eyes clearly visible from below, a shorter head depth, a row of prominent black spots on the middle of the dorsal fin, and a black band formed of dark spots outside the operculum. The researchers analyzed eight specimens and compared them to other Puntius species, finding several morphological differences that warrant classification as a new species.
Taxonomic study of the family Scoliidae (Hymenoptera; Aculeata) in Iraq - JBESInnspub Net
In this study, 117 specimens of the hairy wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), collected from different region of Iraq are investigated. Five species belonging to three genera were determined; this species are: Campsomeriella thoracica (Fabricius), Megascolia maculata (Drury), Scolia flaviceps Eversmann, S. turkestanica Betrem, S. hirta (Schrank) and S. schrenkii (Eversmann). The last two species have been recorded for the first time in Iraq. Identification keys to genera, species and figured of male genitalia are illustrated. Get the original articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/taxonomic-study-of-the-family-scoliidae-hymenoptera-aculeata-in-iraq/
25. 5. 16. mystus catapogon, new species - article publishedMathews Plamoottil
- A new species of catfish, Mystus catapogon, is described from a freshwater stream in Kerala, India.
- M. catapogon is distinguished from other Mystus species by its unusually long maxillary barbels that extend beyond the caudal fin base, long cephalic groove divided into two fontanels, and short occipital process that does not reach the dorsal fin base.
- Comparisons are made between M. catapogon and several similar Mystus species, including M. keralai, M. cavasius, and M. seengtee. M. catapogon differs from these species in proportions of body parts and fin ray counts.
1) The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and morphological details of the ciliate Nyctotherus periplanetae found in the intestine of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
2) Over two years, 1842 cockroaches were examined and the prevalence of N. periplanetae was found to be 57.77% in 2007 and 60.75% in 2008, with the highest rates occurring after monsoon rains.
3) Morphological analysis found N. periplanetae to be oval in shape, 100-175μ in length, with a straight cytopharynx, irregularly shaped macronucleus, and slit-like cytopy
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and distribution of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in India. The study was conducted over five years and involved collecting bee specimens from different regions of India. A total of six species from two genera were identified. Tetragonula iridipennis and Tetragonula laeviceps were found to be the most commonly distributed species, found in all regions surveyed. The four main species found in South India were Tetragonula praeterita, Tetragonula iridipennis, Tetragonula bengalensis and Tetragonula laeviceps. Nesting behaviors also varied between species, with some preferring wood and others
This document summarizes the rediscovery and redescription of the fish species Mystus armatus. It was originally described by Day from rivers in northern Kerala, India, but had been placed in synonymy with M. oculatus. The authors examined specimens of both species collected from their type localities and found M. armatus to be distinct based on morphological differences. Key distinguishing characteristics of M. armatus included a longer head with a median groove and double cephalic fontanels, elongated maxillaries, and a long pelvic fin reaching the anal fin origin. Meristic and morphometric data supported treating M. armatus as a valid separate species from M. oculatus.
Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) associated with M...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Araecerus is genus of beetles of the Anthribidae family which are important economic pests of various crops including coffee (Rubiaceae), with A.fasciculatus (Degeer) being the common pest (weevil) of coffee beans. This paper presents a study in which five undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of M.pachyclados (Rubiceae), a native tree of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species discovered were designated as A. sp.1, A. sp.2, A. sp.3, A. sp.4 and A.sp.5. This was accorded based on differences in body length; scutellum color, size, hair-scales and visibility; length of first and second segments of fore tarsus; apical and subapical teeth-size (mandible and maxillary palpi); declivity of dorsal abdomen; basal-anterior eye markings; lateral eye markings; absence of eye markings; and shape of pygidium. We discovered A. sp.1 has yellowish gold marking inside the base of the eye, A. sp.2 with pygidium almost vertically-flat at abdominal apex, A. sp.3 has eyes without yellowish gold marking and generally dark in color, A. sp.4 with distinct yellowish gold interior-lateral marking in its eye, and A. sp.5 with pygidium pointed at abdominal apex.
- The document describes a new fish species, Mystus menoni, discovered in the Manimala River in Kerala, India.
- M. menoni is distinguished from related species by features such as maxillary barbels reaching the anal fin, a divided median groove on the head, and coloration patterns.
- Six specimens of the new species were collected from the Elankadu area of the Manimala River and used to describe morphological characteristics. Comparisons are made to related Mystus species to justify classifying M. menoni as a new species.
This document describes a new species of fish, Puntius viridis, discovered in the Manimala River in Kerala, India. Key distinguishing characteristics of P. viridis include a combination of eyes clearly visible from below, a shorter head depth, a row of prominent black spots on the middle of the dorsal fin, and a black band formed of dark spots outside the operculum. The researchers analyzed eight specimens and compared them to other Puntius species, finding several morphological differences that warrant classification as a new species.
Taxonomic study of the family Scoliidae (Hymenoptera; Aculeata) in Iraq - JBESInnspub Net
In this study, 117 specimens of the hairy wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), collected from different region of Iraq are investigated. Five species belonging to three genera were determined; this species are: Campsomeriella thoracica (Fabricius), Megascolia maculata (Drury), Scolia flaviceps Eversmann, S. turkestanica Betrem, S. hirta (Schrank) and S. schrenkii (Eversmann). The last two species have been recorded for the first time in Iraq. Identification keys to genera, species and figured of male genitalia are illustrated. Get the original articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/taxonomic-study-of-the-family-scoliidae-hymenoptera-aculeata-in-iraq/
25. 5. 16. mystus catapogon, new species - article publishedMathews Plamoottil
- A new species of catfish, Mystus catapogon, is described from a freshwater stream in Kerala, India.
- M. catapogon is distinguished from other Mystus species by its unusually long maxillary barbels that extend beyond the caudal fin base, long cephalic groove divided into two fontanels, and short occipital process that does not reach the dorsal fin base.
- Comparisons are made between M. catapogon and several similar Mystus species, including M. keralai, M. cavasius, and M. seengtee. M. catapogon differs from these species in proportions of body parts and fin ray counts.
Zhang franz esc_esa_2015_exophthalmus_1.0_franz_zhang_editGuanyang Zhang
Systematics of Eustylini - Reclassification of the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae).
Poster presented at the 2015 Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Nov 17, 2015
This document reports on a new record of two species of sea squirts - Herdmania momus and Phallusia nigra - found off the coast of Thoothukudi, India. Small numbers of each species were caught at a depth of 310 meters as bycatch. This extends the known distribution of both species to the southeast coast of India. The document provides taxonomic information on the species, including descriptions of physical characteristics that were consistent with prior classifications. It also discusses the wide geographic distributions of both species globally and notes this is an new record of their occurrence in Indian waters.
This document discusses several different fossils. It describes Pteranodon as a large flying reptile that lived in North America during the late Cretaceous period. It was the first pterosaur found outside of Europe. The document also summarizes Archaeopteryx as a small bird-like dinosaur that lived around 150 million years ago in Europe and had features of both birds and small Mesozoic dinosaurs. Additionally, it provides brief overviews of ammonites, fossil fish, Physa princepii snails, and Ostrea sculpturata oysters.
This document describes four new species of Clavicornaltica, a genus of tiny flea beetles. Two new species, C. dali and C. longsheng, are described from China, while C. tamdao and C. vietnamensis are described from Vietnam. Descriptions of the wing and metathorax of Clavicornaltica are also provided for the first time. A key is presented to differentiate the four new species. Male genitalia are illustrated for one known species.
The appearance of wings in insects early in their evolution has been a major innovation contributing to their diversity, but the origin of wings has been difficult to resolve and debated for over a century. Recently, a dual model has gained support representing elements of both the notal (thoracic segment) and pleural (lateral body wall) hypotheses. This study examines nymphal wing pads in Carboniferous palaeodictyopteran insects using modern techniques. The wing pads had a medial articulation to the thorax as well as broad fusion to the notum anteriorly and posteriorly, supporting origins from both the notum and expected pleural axillary sclerites. This provides further evidence for the dual model of insect
This document describes a new species of sisorid fish, Glyptothorax elankadensis, found in the Manimala River in Kerala, India. It summarizes the key distinguishing morphological characteristics of G. elankadensis compared to related species. These include having yellow tipped fins, three narrow yellow bands on its body, and distinct coloration patterns. The document provides measurements and counts of the new species' physical features and compares it in detail to two other known Glyptothorax species found in Kerala to justify it as a new species. Samples of the new species were collected and are being housed in the Zoological Survey of India collection.
This lab report analyzes faunal remains excavated from the Anacapa Island archaeological site (ANI-4) to understand past human subsistence patterns and environment. A total of 1267 bone fragments were inventoried and identified to taxonomic level. Minimum number of individuals was calculated as 1251. Results showed mammals, particularly marine mammals, were the most abundant class, reflecting the coastal marine habitat. Five excavation levels revealed consistent dominance of mammals over time. While remains provided insights, limited identification prevented a full understanding of fauna present. Further analysis may provide more details on island environment-human relationships.
Prevalence and morphological details of Nyctotherus periplanetae in the host ...IOSR Journals
Nyctotherus periplanetae is very common intestine dwelling ciliate in invertebrates. During the period of two years total number of 1842 intestinal samples of Periplaneta americana were checked. The percentage of prevalence of ciliates was found quite high and it was 57.77% during the year 2007 and 60.75% in 2008.
1) The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and morphological details of the ciliate Nyctotherus periplanetae found in the intestine of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
2) Over two years, 1842 cockroaches were examined and the prevalence of N. periplanetae was found to be 57.77% in the first year and 60.75% in the second year. Prevalence peaked after monsoon rains and was lowest during summer.
3) Morphological analysis found N. periplanetae to be oval shaped, 100-175μ in length, with a macronucleus, cytopharynx, and slit-like
Prevelance of Lyperosomum longicauda Rudolphi, 1809 (Dicrocoeliioidae: Tremat...Innspub Net
The present findings are related to reporting of the helminth parasitic infection in the Jungle babbler, at District: Naushahro Feroze. Host species were investigated from the month of June to August, 2018. These birds are non-migratory, former friendly, earth-colored siblings inhabit but internal visceral organs consisting intensity of parasites. Total (n=16) of T. striata were captured and dissected on a weekly basis under laboratory conditions at the Department of Zoology, SALU-Khairpur. All were found with the helminth population of digenean trematode but high prevalence was found in the month of June followed by other months. During surgical examination (n=44) specimens were recovered in the gall bladder of the host, morphologically having tapered ends at terminal body point, forebody is shorter than the hind body, protrusible rounded oral suckers but ventral suckers are rounded, maximum width at the post-acetabular region, oval-shaped pharynx, short esophagus, diverticular caeca, median-shaped ovary, and oblique testes, un-equal bands of lateral Stellaria and dark brown colored eggs. These features of the worms resemble already identified as; L. longicauda hence; identified as such. This species of fluke was first time recovered from the present host and the result of the present study revealed that it is a new host record from upper Sindh.
On First Record of a Trematode Parasite of Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 (Di...RahulGupta2015
The genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 is designated to rare digenetic distomes living as parasite in the intestine of marine fishes, having numerous testes arranged in four longitudinal rows in hindbody. A total of 14 species have been attributed to the genus, while another 4 species are no longer considered the member of Pleorchis. In this study a new form is described and we critically overviewed the genus. Collection of two ovigerous specimens was recovered live at Deegha, West Bengal, India (Indian Ocean) from the intestine of a marine fish, Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider) out of 40 examined. The present form differs from all nominal species of the Pleorchis in having 48 testes, unequal anterior intestinal caeca, vitellaria extending from a little anterior of ovary up to hind end of body and an entire unlobed ovary. In view of unique morphoanatomical characters it seems that the present form deserves the status of a new species with a specific name Pleorchis srivastavai n. sp. All known species of genus seems to be rare digeneans as evident by their respective studies and these are important link of marine ecosystem.
Life history of the Hog Plum Beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus,...Open Access Research Paper
Hog plum beetle (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata) is a serious pest of hog plum tree and both their adults and larvae defoliate the hog plum tree. However, its developmental information and proper identification as well as precise photographs of each developmental stages have not been well studied and recorded. Thus, the goal of this research was to establish the developmental characteristics of P. quatuordecimpunctata. Life history was conducted in laboratory conditions at an average temperature 28 °C ± 1.2 an average 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and a light: dark ratio (12L : 12D). The female beetles were laid clusters of eggs in numerous layers, with 9 to 53 eggs in each cluster. The durations of each developmental stage were 6.16±0.93, 3.16±0.24, 3.29±0.25, 3.21±0.33, 4.54±0.33, 5.54±0.49, and 20.92±2.7 days for the incubation, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar, pre pupa, and pupa, respectively. The longevity of male and female adult beetles was found to be 42.33±6.6 days and 50.66±9.8 days, respectively. Results revealed that this study will be a valuable source of biological information for a better understanding and management of this pest species. Check out more by following link https://innspub.net/life-history-of-the-hog-plum-beetle-podontia-quatuordecimpunctata-linnaeus-1767-coleoptera-chrysomelidae-with-photographs-of-each-developmental-stage/
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.26
ABSTRACT- The morphometric and meristic analyses of three species of freshwater catfish, Mystus cavasius, Mystus
vittatus and Mystus bleekeri of Chandubi beel, Assam were investigated. The morphometric characters vary effectively
among the three different species making its application taxonomically significant. In terms of their total length, M.
bleekeri is found to be the longest with 97.48 mm and M. vittatus is found to be the shortest with 83.9 mm. Moreover, M.
vittatus has also shown an extension of their barbel length upto 74.6% of the total length. Such morphometric variations
and advancements indicate the adaptive capability of the Mystus spp. over the varied geographical, climatic and nutritive
factors in their habitat. Key-words- Morphometry, Mystus vittatus, Mystus bleekeri, Mystus cavasius, Barbels, Dorsal spine
The occurence of the least pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 18...Open Access Research Paper
A recent survey identified a colony of Pipistrellus tenuis (n = 5) in Kanyakuchi Pahar village (26°00’32.8″N 90°53’29.0″E), a rural remote site situated at Goalpara district of Assam. This species, commonly known as the Least Pipistrelle, was previously reported by Hinton and Lindsay (1926), Sinha (1999), Ghosh (2008), Saikia et al. (2011) and Boro et al. (2018) from different parts of Assam. The Goalpara district of western Assam is encircled by the foothills of Meghalaya to the South and the Brahmaputra River to the North possesses a variety of flora and fauna due to the dense foliage of the high forest canopy. The climatic condition of the region along with its topography favours roosting of bat population. The distribution of the bat species P. tenuis in the surveyed area has not been previously recorded. For the purpose of taxonomic identification, morphometric parameters (external and cranio-dental measurements) were compared to standard literature by Bates and Harrison (1997). Captured bat specimens (n=3) were examined at the ZSI (Zoological Survey of India), NERC-Shillong, Meghalaya. The recorded mean body weight of captured specimens was 2.61g ± 0.160 (S.D) and the mean forearm length (FA) was 27.39mm ± 0.165 (S.D). This manuscript validates sightings of this bat species at the study location, compares its morphometric and cranio-dental traits to standard literature (Bates and Harrison, 1997) for identification, discusses its distribution as well as its ecological importance.
A checklist of snakes observed in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2013 to September 2015 is documented here. Seventeen species of the snakes belonging to five families were recorded during the current study. All species of snakes were observed, photographed and released back to secure areas away from the human daily interference. In addition, road kills of snakes were also recorded along the forest trails and in urban areas. Out of all the species of snakes Xenochrophis piscator and Ptyas mucosa were found to be the most common snake followed by Amphiesma stolata and Oligodon arnensis .
This document summarizes a study on the diversity of butterfly species in the Union Council Koaz Bahram Dheri region of Pakistan. A total of 232 butterflies from 13 species across 3 families were collected and identified between July and October 2012. The family Nymphalidae was most abundant with 114 individuals (49%), followed by Pieridae with 86 (37%) and Papilionidae with 32 (14%). Danaus chrysippus was the most commonly observed species overall with 72 individuals (31%). Collection sites varied in species richness, with the highest diversity found at Hajji Sargund Kally. The highest butterfly activity occurred in the month of August.
This document describes a study on the external genitalia of four species of bugs in the genus Carbula. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided of the male and female external genital structures. These structures are analyzed taxonomically and used to differentiate the four species. A key is provided to the species based mainly on their genital characteristics. The study finds that examination of external genitalia can help distinguish between C. scutellata, C. socia, C. biguttata, and C. insocia. This work provides the first published details and images of the external genitalia for these four Carbula species.
A New Monogenean ectoparasites Yogendrotrema balrampurai n.sp. from Fresh Wat...ijtsrd
The fresh water fish Sciaena coiter Ham. was collected from local fish market of district Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Five specimens of fresh water fish Sciaena coiter Ham. were examined, of which only one specimen was found infected with single specimen of said species. The site of infection being the gill filaments of the host. Kumar and Agarwal, 1993 erected the genus Yogendrotrema from Varanasi with Yogendrotrema rajghatai as type species. The present form differs from the known species Yogendrotrema rajghatai in having septate oral sucker, extension of Vitellaria in haptor region also. On subsequent study, the present form appear to be a new species of the genus Yogendrotrema, Kumar and Agarwal, 1993 and is regarded as a new species and named Yogendrotrema balrampurai n. sp. since it is recorded from district Balrampur. Surya Prakash Mishra "A New Monogenean-ectoparasites Yogendrotrema balrampurai n.sp. from Fresh-Water Cat Fish Sciaena coiter (Ham.) of District Balrampur, Uttarpradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/38535/a-new-monogeneanectoparasites-yogendrotrema-balrampurai-nsp-from-freshwater-cat-fish-sciaena-coiter-ham-of-district-balrampur-uttarpradesh-india/surya-prakash-mishra
Reported some species of plant parasitic nematodes from rhizosphere of peanut...Open Access Research Paper
In order to identify of peanut fields plants parasitic nematodes, 130 samples of soil around the roots of peanut plants were collected in province of Guilan, during the summer and fall of 2011. After extraction, killing, fixation and transferring to anhydrous glycerol, the nematodes were mounted on permanent microscopic slides and nematodes species identified by using light microscope, equipped with digital camera, based on morphological and morphometric characters using valid keys. In this study 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified, that are as followes: 1- Aphelenchoides sacchari 2-Aphelenchus avenae 3- Basiria graminophila 4-Coslenchus costatus 5-Ditylenchus myceliophagus 6-Filenchus vulgaris 7-Helicotylenchus digonichus 8-Heterodera cruciferae 9-Meloidogyne incognita 10-Meloidogyne hapla 11-Merlinius bavaricus 12- Mesocriconemarusticum13- Mesocriconema curvatum 14-Paratylenchus nanus 15-Pratylenchus neglectus 16- Psilenchus hilarulus 17-Quinsulcius capitatus 18-Tylenchorhynchus annulatus 19- Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi 20- Tylenchus davainei. In thisstudy, 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified that before just 6 Species2-5-7-11-15-16were reported from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran. Other species (14 Species) are going to report from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran as a first.
Morpho-Palynological Studies On The Angiospermic Fern Cyrtomium Cyrotideum C....IOSR Journals
This study examines the morphology, anatomy, and palynology of the angiospermic fern Cyrtomium cyrotideum. The fern was collected from northern Pakistan at an altitude of 7000 feet. Morphological analysis found the sori to be small and scattered, with peltate indusia. Venation was of the closed reticulation type. Anatomical analysis of rachis cross sections showed several meristele surrounded by ground parenchyma tissue. Sporangia were globose with an average size of 250μm x 100μm. Spores were isospore, monolete, bilateral, and proximal with a heavily warty distal surface. This research aims to contribute new
This document summarizes a study that recorded a new butterfly species, Euploea radamanthus radamanthus, in the Dudpukuria-Dhopachari wildlife sanctuary in Bangladesh. A total of 64 butterfly species from 7 families were recorded during the study period from October 2013 to June 2014. Euploea radamanthus radamanthus is newly documented as occurring in Bangladesh based on photographs taken of the species mud puddling in the sanctuary. This adds to the knowledge of butterfly diversity and distribution in Bangladesh.
Zhang franz esc_esa_2015_exophthalmus_1.0_franz_zhang_editGuanyang Zhang
Systematics of Eustylini - Reclassification of the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae).
Poster presented at the 2015 Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Nov 17, 2015
This document reports on a new record of two species of sea squirts - Herdmania momus and Phallusia nigra - found off the coast of Thoothukudi, India. Small numbers of each species were caught at a depth of 310 meters as bycatch. This extends the known distribution of both species to the southeast coast of India. The document provides taxonomic information on the species, including descriptions of physical characteristics that were consistent with prior classifications. It also discusses the wide geographic distributions of both species globally and notes this is an new record of their occurrence in Indian waters.
This document discusses several different fossils. It describes Pteranodon as a large flying reptile that lived in North America during the late Cretaceous period. It was the first pterosaur found outside of Europe. The document also summarizes Archaeopteryx as a small bird-like dinosaur that lived around 150 million years ago in Europe and had features of both birds and small Mesozoic dinosaurs. Additionally, it provides brief overviews of ammonites, fossil fish, Physa princepii snails, and Ostrea sculpturata oysters.
This document describes four new species of Clavicornaltica, a genus of tiny flea beetles. Two new species, C. dali and C. longsheng, are described from China, while C. tamdao and C. vietnamensis are described from Vietnam. Descriptions of the wing and metathorax of Clavicornaltica are also provided for the first time. A key is presented to differentiate the four new species. Male genitalia are illustrated for one known species.
The appearance of wings in insects early in their evolution has been a major innovation contributing to their diversity, but the origin of wings has been difficult to resolve and debated for over a century. Recently, a dual model has gained support representing elements of both the notal (thoracic segment) and pleural (lateral body wall) hypotheses. This study examines nymphal wing pads in Carboniferous palaeodictyopteran insects using modern techniques. The wing pads had a medial articulation to the thorax as well as broad fusion to the notum anteriorly and posteriorly, supporting origins from both the notum and expected pleural axillary sclerites. This provides further evidence for the dual model of insect
This document describes a new species of sisorid fish, Glyptothorax elankadensis, found in the Manimala River in Kerala, India. It summarizes the key distinguishing morphological characteristics of G. elankadensis compared to related species. These include having yellow tipped fins, three narrow yellow bands on its body, and distinct coloration patterns. The document provides measurements and counts of the new species' physical features and compares it in detail to two other known Glyptothorax species found in Kerala to justify it as a new species. Samples of the new species were collected and are being housed in the Zoological Survey of India collection.
This lab report analyzes faunal remains excavated from the Anacapa Island archaeological site (ANI-4) to understand past human subsistence patterns and environment. A total of 1267 bone fragments were inventoried and identified to taxonomic level. Minimum number of individuals was calculated as 1251. Results showed mammals, particularly marine mammals, were the most abundant class, reflecting the coastal marine habitat. Five excavation levels revealed consistent dominance of mammals over time. While remains provided insights, limited identification prevented a full understanding of fauna present. Further analysis may provide more details on island environment-human relationships.
Similar to New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Prevalence and morphological details of Nyctotherus periplanetae in the host ...IOSR Journals
Nyctotherus periplanetae is very common intestine dwelling ciliate in invertebrates. During the period of two years total number of 1842 intestinal samples of Periplaneta americana were checked. The percentage of prevalence of ciliates was found quite high and it was 57.77% during the year 2007 and 60.75% in 2008.
1) The document summarizes a study on the prevalence and morphological details of the ciliate Nyctotherus periplanetae found in the intestine of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
2) Over two years, 1842 cockroaches were examined and the prevalence of N. periplanetae was found to be 57.77% in the first year and 60.75% in the second year. Prevalence peaked after monsoon rains and was lowest during summer.
3) Morphological analysis found N. periplanetae to be oval shaped, 100-175μ in length, with a macronucleus, cytopharynx, and slit-like
Prevelance of Lyperosomum longicauda Rudolphi, 1809 (Dicrocoeliioidae: Tremat...Innspub Net
The present findings are related to reporting of the helminth parasitic infection in the Jungle babbler, at District: Naushahro Feroze. Host species were investigated from the month of June to August, 2018. These birds are non-migratory, former friendly, earth-colored siblings inhabit but internal visceral organs consisting intensity of parasites. Total (n=16) of T. striata were captured and dissected on a weekly basis under laboratory conditions at the Department of Zoology, SALU-Khairpur. All were found with the helminth population of digenean trematode but high prevalence was found in the month of June followed by other months. During surgical examination (n=44) specimens were recovered in the gall bladder of the host, morphologically having tapered ends at terminal body point, forebody is shorter than the hind body, protrusible rounded oral suckers but ventral suckers are rounded, maximum width at the post-acetabular region, oval-shaped pharynx, short esophagus, diverticular caeca, median-shaped ovary, and oblique testes, un-equal bands of lateral Stellaria and dark brown colored eggs. These features of the worms resemble already identified as; L. longicauda hence; identified as such. This species of fluke was first time recovered from the present host and the result of the present study revealed that it is a new host record from upper Sindh.
On First Record of a Trematode Parasite of Genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 (Di...RahulGupta2015
The genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 is designated to rare digenetic distomes living as parasite in the intestine of marine fishes, having numerous testes arranged in four longitudinal rows in hindbody. A total of 14 species have been attributed to the genus, while another 4 species are no longer considered the member of Pleorchis. In this study a new form is described and we critically overviewed the genus. Collection of two ovigerous specimens was recovered live at Deegha, West Bengal, India (Indian Ocean) from the intestine of a marine fish, Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider) out of 40 examined. The present form differs from all nominal species of the Pleorchis in having 48 testes, unequal anterior intestinal caeca, vitellaria extending from a little anterior of ovary up to hind end of body and an entire unlobed ovary. In view of unique morphoanatomical characters it seems that the present form deserves the status of a new species with a specific name Pleorchis srivastavai n. sp. All known species of genus seems to be rare digeneans as evident by their respective studies and these are important link of marine ecosystem.
Life history of the Hog Plum Beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus,...Open Access Research Paper
Hog plum beetle (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata) is a serious pest of hog plum tree and both their adults and larvae defoliate the hog plum tree. However, its developmental information and proper identification as well as precise photographs of each developmental stages have not been well studied and recorded. Thus, the goal of this research was to establish the developmental characteristics of P. quatuordecimpunctata. Life history was conducted in laboratory conditions at an average temperature 28 °C ± 1.2 an average 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and a light: dark ratio (12L : 12D). The female beetles were laid clusters of eggs in numerous layers, with 9 to 53 eggs in each cluster. The durations of each developmental stage were 6.16±0.93, 3.16±0.24, 3.29±0.25, 3.21±0.33, 4.54±0.33, 5.54±0.49, and 20.92±2.7 days for the incubation, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar, pre pupa, and pupa, respectively. The longevity of male and female adult beetles was found to be 42.33±6.6 days and 50.66±9.8 days, respectively. Results revealed that this study will be a valuable source of biological information for a better understanding and management of this pest species. Check out more by following link https://innspub.net/life-history-of-the-hog-plum-beetle-podontia-quatuordecimpunctata-linnaeus-1767-coleoptera-chrysomelidae-with-photographs-of-each-developmental-stage/
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.26
ABSTRACT- The morphometric and meristic analyses of three species of freshwater catfish, Mystus cavasius, Mystus
vittatus and Mystus bleekeri of Chandubi beel, Assam were investigated. The morphometric characters vary effectively
among the three different species making its application taxonomically significant. In terms of their total length, M.
bleekeri is found to be the longest with 97.48 mm and M. vittatus is found to be the shortest with 83.9 mm. Moreover, M.
vittatus has also shown an extension of their barbel length upto 74.6% of the total length. Such morphometric variations
and advancements indicate the adaptive capability of the Mystus spp. over the varied geographical, climatic and nutritive
factors in their habitat. Key-words- Morphometry, Mystus vittatus, Mystus bleekeri, Mystus cavasius, Barbels, Dorsal spine
The occurence of the least pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 18...Open Access Research Paper
A recent survey identified a colony of Pipistrellus tenuis (n = 5) in Kanyakuchi Pahar village (26°00’32.8″N 90°53’29.0″E), a rural remote site situated at Goalpara district of Assam. This species, commonly known as the Least Pipistrelle, was previously reported by Hinton and Lindsay (1926), Sinha (1999), Ghosh (2008), Saikia et al. (2011) and Boro et al. (2018) from different parts of Assam. The Goalpara district of western Assam is encircled by the foothills of Meghalaya to the South and the Brahmaputra River to the North possesses a variety of flora and fauna due to the dense foliage of the high forest canopy. The climatic condition of the region along with its topography favours roosting of bat population. The distribution of the bat species P. tenuis in the surveyed area has not been previously recorded. For the purpose of taxonomic identification, morphometric parameters (external and cranio-dental measurements) were compared to standard literature by Bates and Harrison (1997). Captured bat specimens (n=3) were examined at the ZSI (Zoological Survey of India), NERC-Shillong, Meghalaya. The recorded mean body weight of captured specimens was 2.61g ± 0.160 (S.D) and the mean forearm length (FA) was 27.39mm ± 0.165 (S.D). This manuscript validates sightings of this bat species at the study location, compares its morphometric and cranio-dental traits to standard literature (Bates and Harrison, 1997) for identification, discusses its distribution as well as its ecological importance.
A checklist of snakes observed in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2013 to September 2015 is documented here. Seventeen species of the snakes belonging to five families were recorded during the current study. All species of snakes were observed, photographed and released back to secure areas away from the human daily interference. In addition, road kills of snakes were also recorded along the forest trails and in urban areas. Out of all the species of snakes Xenochrophis piscator and Ptyas mucosa were found to be the most common snake followed by Amphiesma stolata and Oligodon arnensis .
This document summarizes a study on the diversity of butterfly species in the Union Council Koaz Bahram Dheri region of Pakistan. A total of 232 butterflies from 13 species across 3 families were collected and identified between July and October 2012. The family Nymphalidae was most abundant with 114 individuals (49%), followed by Pieridae with 86 (37%) and Papilionidae with 32 (14%). Danaus chrysippus was the most commonly observed species overall with 72 individuals (31%). Collection sites varied in species richness, with the highest diversity found at Hajji Sargund Kally. The highest butterfly activity occurred in the month of August.
This document describes a study on the external genitalia of four species of bugs in the genus Carbula. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided of the male and female external genital structures. These structures are analyzed taxonomically and used to differentiate the four species. A key is provided to the species based mainly on their genital characteristics. The study finds that examination of external genitalia can help distinguish between C. scutellata, C. socia, C. biguttata, and C. insocia. This work provides the first published details and images of the external genitalia for these four Carbula species.
A New Monogenean ectoparasites Yogendrotrema balrampurai n.sp. from Fresh Wat...ijtsrd
The fresh water fish Sciaena coiter Ham. was collected from local fish market of district Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Five specimens of fresh water fish Sciaena coiter Ham. were examined, of which only one specimen was found infected with single specimen of said species. The site of infection being the gill filaments of the host. Kumar and Agarwal, 1993 erected the genus Yogendrotrema from Varanasi with Yogendrotrema rajghatai as type species. The present form differs from the known species Yogendrotrema rajghatai in having septate oral sucker, extension of Vitellaria in haptor region also. On subsequent study, the present form appear to be a new species of the genus Yogendrotrema, Kumar and Agarwal, 1993 and is regarded as a new species and named Yogendrotrema balrampurai n. sp. since it is recorded from district Balrampur. Surya Prakash Mishra "A New Monogenean-ectoparasites Yogendrotrema balrampurai n.sp. from Fresh-Water Cat Fish Sciaena coiter (Ham.) of District Balrampur, Uttarpradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/38535/a-new-monogeneanectoparasites-yogendrotrema-balrampurai-nsp-from-freshwater-cat-fish-sciaena-coiter-ham-of-district-balrampur-uttarpradesh-india/surya-prakash-mishra
Reported some species of plant parasitic nematodes from rhizosphere of peanut...Open Access Research Paper
In order to identify of peanut fields plants parasitic nematodes, 130 samples of soil around the roots of peanut plants were collected in province of Guilan, during the summer and fall of 2011. After extraction, killing, fixation and transferring to anhydrous glycerol, the nematodes were mounted on permanent microscopic slides and nematodes species identified by using light microscope, equipped with digital camera, based on morphological and morphometric characters using valid keys. In this study 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified, that are as followes: 1- Aphelenchoides sacchari 2-Aphelenchus avenae 3- Basiria graminophila 4-Coslenchus costatus 5-Ditylenchus myceliophagus 6-Filenchus vulgaris 7-Helicotylenchus digonichus 8-Heterodera cruciferae 9-Meloidogyne incognita 10-Meloidogyne hapla 11-Merlinius bavaricus 12- Mesocriconemarusticum13- Mesocriconema curvatum 14-Paratylenchus nanus 15-Pratylenchus neglectus 16- Psilenchus hilarulus 17-Quinsulcius capitatus 18-Tylenchorhynchus annulatus 19- Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi 20- Tylenchus davainei. In thisstudy, 20 species belonging 17 genera were identified that before just 6 Species2-5-7-11-15-16were reported from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran. Other species (14 Species) are going to report from rhizosphere of Peanut in Iran as a first.
Morpho-Palynological Studies On The Angiospermic Fern Cyrtomium Cyrotideum C....IOSR Journals
This study examines the morphology, anatomy, and palynology of the angiospermic fern Cyrtomium cyrotideum. The fern was collected from northern Pakistan at an altitude of 7000 feet. Morphological analysis found the sori to be small and scattered, with peltate indusia. Venation was of the closed reticulation type. Anatomical analysis of rachis cross sections showed several meristele surrounded by ground parenchyma tissue. Sporangia were globose with an average size of 250μm x 100μm. Spores were isospore, monolete, bilateral, and proximal with a heavily warty distal surface. This research aims to contribute new
This document summarizes a study that recorded a new butterfly species, Euploea radamanthus radamanthus, in the Dudpukuria-Dhopachari wildlife sanctuary in Bangladesh. A total of 64 butterfly species from 7 families were recorded during the study period from October 2013 to June 2014. Euploea radamanthus radamanthus is newly documented as occurring in Bangladesh based on photographs taken of the species mud puddling in the sanctuary. This adds to the knowledge of butterfly diversity and distribution in Bangladesh.
This document discusses the future prospects of ostrich farming in Pakistan. It notes that ostrich farming is a new emerging industry globally and that Pakistan has potential to be a leader in ostrich farming due to its cheap labor and feed. However, currently ostrich producers in Pakistan are only meeting 10% of customer demand. The document recommends that more research is needed on ostrich welfare in Pakistan's climate and that academia and livestock departments should promote ostrich farming to help Pakistan capture a larger share of the local and international markets for ostrich meat, feathers and other products.
This document describes the discovery of a new specimen of the squat lobster species Munida curvipes off the coast of Thoothukudi, India. Key points:
- A single male specimen of M. curvipes was collected in deep water trawling between 305-310 meters deep, representing the first record of this species from the Indian mainland coast.
- The specimen matches the original description of M. curvipes. This extends the known distribution of the species eastward from the Gulf of Mannar to the Andaman Islands and south Pacific.
- This discovery increases the number of known squat lobster species in Indian waters to 52. It highlights the diversity of Munida in the
This study identified 5 genera and species of freshwater seed shrimps from lakes in Sindh province, Pakistan. Samples were collected from 3 lakes using plankton nets and from shallow areas. Specimens were identified using taxonomic keys. In total, 5 species were recorded: Cypris subglobosa, Eucypris virens, Dolerocypris sinensis, Herpetocypris fontinalis, and Cypridopsis obesa. Previous studies reported 21 other species from Pakistan. This research contributes new records that add to the knowledge of freshwater ostracod fauna in Pakistan.
Mystus catapogon, a new fish species, is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: maxillary barbels reach beyond caudal fin base; outer mandibulars reach to base of ventral fin and inner mandibular barbels to middle of pectoral fin; Snout shorter; cephalic groove long, shallow and divided into two fontanels and reaching occipital process; occipital process does not reach basal bone of dorsal fin; adipose fin located fairly behind the rayed dorsal fin; body without any mid lateral stripe. The new fish is described and compared with its congeners.
This document provides an overview of amphibians in the Western Ghats region of India. It discusses that the Western Ghats harbor 161 species of amphibians, of which 138 species are endemic. Several families and genera found there are also endemic to the region. Species discovery in the Western Ghats has increased significantly since 2000, with over 50 new species described, indicating the region still harbors many undiscovered species. Many amphibian species in the Western Ghats are threatened due to habitat loss and degradation. While ecological studies on amphibians have increased, more research is still needed, particularly on tadpole ecology, to better understand habitat needs and inform conservation efforts.
Similar to New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan (20)
Evaluation of Agro-morphological Performances of Hybrid Varieties of Chili Pe...Premier Publishers
In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
An Empirical Approach for the Variation in Capital Market Price Changes Premier Publishers
The chances of an investor in the stock market depends mainly on some certain decisions in respect to equilibrium prices, which is the condition of a system competing favorably and effectively. This paper considered a stochastic model which was latter transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equation where stock volatility was used as a key parameter. The analytical solution was obtained which determined the equilibrium prices. A theorem was developed and proved to show that the proposed mathematical model follows a normal distribution since it has a symmetric property. Finally, graphical results were presented and the effects of the relevant parameters were discussed.
Influence of Nitrogen and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispani...Premier Publishers
Chia is an emerging cash crop in Kenya and its production is inhibited by lack of agronomic management information. A field experiment was conducted in February-June and May-August 2021, to determine the influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of Chia. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used with four nitrogen rates as the main plots (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and three spacing (30 cm x 15 cm (s1), 30 cm x 30 cm (s2), 50 cm x 50 cm (s3)). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia. Stem height, branches, stem diameter and leaves increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55% and 59-88% respectively. Spacing s3 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in s3. However, when expressed per unit area, s1 significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1 or higher nitrogen rates and a closer spacing of 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a case study of enhancing social capital among rural women in Bukidnon Province, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic through a livelihood project. Key findings include:
1) Technical trainings provided by the project increased the women's knowledge, allowing them to generate additional household income through vegetable gardening during the pandemic.
2) The women's social capital, as measured by groups/networks, trust, and cooperation, increased by 15.5% from 2019 to 2020 through increased participation in their association.
3) Main occupations, income sources, and ethnicity influenced the women's social capital. The project enhanced social ties that empowered the rural women economically and socially despite challenges of the pandemic.
Impact of Provision of Litigation Supports through Forensic Investigations on...Premier Publishers
This paper presents an argument through the fraud triangle theory that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases is adequate for effective prosecution of perpetrators as well as corporate fraud prevention. To support this argument, this study operationalized provision of litigation supports through forensic audit and investigations, data mining for trends and patterns, and fraud data collection and preparation. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the population of professional accountants and legal practitioners in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and this was mailed to the respective respondents. Resulting responses were analyzed using the OLS multiple regression techniques via the SPSS statistical software. The results reveal that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations, fraud data mining for trends and patterns and fraud data collection and preparation for court proceedings have a positive and significant impact on corporate fraud prevention in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends that regulators should promote the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases in publicly listed firms in Nigeria, as this will help provide reports that are acceptable in court proceedings.
Improving the Efficiency of Ratio Estimators by Calibration WeightingsPremier Publishers
It is observed that the performances of most improved ratio estimators depend on some optimality conditions that need to be satisfied to guarantee better estimator. This paper develops a new approach to ratio estimation that produces a more efficient class of ratio estimators that do not depend on any optimality conditions for optimum performance using calibration weightings. The relative performances of the proposed calibration ratio estimators are compared with a corresponding global [Generalized Regression (GREG)] estimator. Results of analysis showed that the proposed calibration ratio estimators are substantially superior to the traditional GREG-estimator with relatively small bias, mean square error, average length of confidence interval and coverage probability. In general, the proposed calibration ratio estimators are more efficient than all existing estimators considered in the study.
Urban Liveability in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Perspective fr...Premier Publishers
Urbanization and quality of urban life are mutually related and however it varies geographically and regionally. With unprecedented growth of urban centres, challenge against urban development is more in terms of how to enhance quality of urban life and liveability. Making sense of and measuring urban liveability of urban places has become a crucial step in the context of sustainable development paradigm. Geographical regions depict variations in nature of urban development and consequently level of urban liveability. The coastal regain of West Bengal faces unusual challenges caused by increasing urbanization, uncontrolled growth, and expansion of economic activities like tourism and changing environmental quality. The present study offers a perspective on urban liveability of urban places located in coastal region comprising of Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts. The study uses the liveability standards covering four major pillars- institutional, social, economic and physical and their indicators. This leads to develop a City Liveability Index to rank urban places of the region, higher the index values better the urban liveability. The data for the purpose is collected from various secondary sources. Study finds that the eastern coastal region of the country covering state of West Bengal depicts variations in index of liveability determined by physical, economic, social and institutional indicators.
Transcript Level of Genes Involved in “Rebaudioside A” Biosynthesis Pathway u...Premier Publishers
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant which has recently been used widely as a sweetener. This medicinal plant has some components such as diterpenoid glycosides called steviol glycosides [SGs]. Rebaudioside A is a diterpenoid steviol glycoside which is 300 times sweeter than table sugar. This study was done to investigate the effect of GA3 (50 mg/L) on the expression of 14 genes involved in Rebaudioside A biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana under in vitro conditions. The expression of DXS remarkably decreased by day 3. Also, probably because of the negative feedback of GA3 on MEP-drived isoprenes, GGDS transcript level reached its lowest amount after GA3 treatment. The abundance of DXR, CMS, CMK, MCS, and CDPS transcripts showed a significant increase at various days after this treatment. A significant drop in the expression levels of KS and UGT85C2 is detected during the first day. However, expression changes of HDR and KD were not remarkable. Results revealed that the level of transcript of UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 up regulated significantly 4 and 2 times higher than control, respectively. However, more research needs to shed more light on the mechanism of GA3 on gene expression of MEP pathway.
Multivariate Analysis of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Clones on Mor...Premier Publishers
Information on genetic variability for biochemical characters is a prerequisite for improvement of tea quality. Thirteen introduced tea clones characterized with objective; assessing tea clones based on morphological characters at Melko and Gera research stations. The study was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season on experimental plots in RCBD with three replications. Data recorded on morphological traits like days from pruning to harvest, height to first branch, stem diameter, leaf serration density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, leaf ratio, internode length, shoot length, number of shoot, canopy diameter, hundred shoot weight, fresh leaf yield per tree. Cluster analysis of morphological trait grouped into four clusters indicated, the existence of divergence among the tested clones. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and IV (35.27) while the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (7.8).Principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one accounted 86.45% for 15 morphological traits. Generally, the study indicated presence of variability for several morphological traits. However, high morphological variation between clones is not a guarantee for a high genetic variation; therefore, molecular studies need to be considered as complementary to biochemical studies.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
The Knowledge of and Attitude to and Beliefs about Causes and Treatments of M...Premier Publishers
Stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness are a common occurrence in the Sub-Saharan region including Eritrea. Numerous studies from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that stigma and discrimination are major problems in the community, with negative attitudes and behavior towards people with mental illness being widespread. In order to assess the whether such negative attitudes persist in the context of Eritrea this study explored the knowledge and perceptions of 90 Eritrean university students at the College of Business and Economics, the University of Asmara regarding the causes and remedies of mental illness A qualitative method involving coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 90 university students to collecting data at the end of 2019. The survey evidence points that almost 50% of the respondents had contact with a mentally ill person suggesting that the significant number of the respondents experienced a first-hand encounter and knowledge of mental illness in their family and community. The findings show an overall greater science-based understanding of the causes of mental illness to be followed by recommended psychiatric treatments. The survey evidence indicates that the top three leading causes of mental illness in the context of Eritrea according to the respondents are brain disease (76%), bad events in the life of the mentally ill person (66%) and substance abuse or alcohol taking, smoking, taking drugs like hashish. (54%). The majority of the respondents have a very sympathetic and positive outlook towards mentally ill persons suggesting that mentally illness does not simply affect a chosen individual rather it can happen to anybody regardless of economic class, social status, ethnicity race and religion. Medical interventions cited by the majority of the respondents as being effective treatments for mental illness centered on the idea that hospitals and clinics for treatment and even cures for psychiatric disease. Changing perceptions of mental illnesses in Eritrea that paralleled the very caring and sympathetic attitudes of the sample university students would require raising public awareness regarding mental illness through education, using the mass media to raise public awareness, integrating mental health into the primary health care system, decentralizing mental health care services to increase access to treatment and providing affordable service to maintain positive treatment outcomes.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the effects of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation, and yield of two soybean varieties in Nigeria. Phosphorus application significantly affected growth, nodulation, yield, and some yield components, with 60 kg P2O5/ha giving the highest growth and yield. Phosphorus also increased nodulation, with 30 kg P2O5/ha providing the highest nodulation. Zinc application did not significantly affect most growth characters or nodulation, except for reducing plant height. Phosphorus increased soybean yield significantly to 1.9 t/ha compared to the control of 1.7 t/ha. Protein and oil contents were not significantly affected by phosphorus but were by zinc
Influence of Harvest Stage on Yield and Yield Components of Orange Fleshed Sw...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center in 2018 under rainfed condition with supplementary irrigation to determine the influence of harvest stage on vine yield and tuberous root yield of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties. The experiment consisted of four harvest stages (105, 120, 135 and 150 days after planting) and Kulfo, Tulla and Guntute varieties. A 4 X 3 factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Interaction of harvest stage and variety significantly influenced above ground fresh biomass, vine length, marketable tuberous root weight per hectare, commercial harvest index and harvest index. The highest mean values of above ground fresh biomass (66.12 t/ha) and marketable tuberous root weight (56.39 t/ha) were produced by Guntute variety harvested at 135 days after planting. Based on the results, it can be recommended that, farmers of the study area can grow Guntute variety by harvesting at 135 days after planting to obtain optimum vine and tuberous root yields.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
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2. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 094
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Live common mynas were trapped from different localities
of Sindh, Pakistan, brought to the Advanced Parasitology
Research (APR) Laboratory at Department of Zoology,
University of Sindh, Jamshoro during 2015-2017. After
extraction of lice from their feathers, these birds were
released. In total, 80 birds of common myna were
examined for chewing lice by using a fumigation chamber,
which was adapted from Lakshinarayana (1980) and
Clayton and Drown (2001), modified with plastic jars
contained plastic bags with a piece of chlorofarm filled
cotton in it It gave as maximum number of lice from the
whole body except head. The lice from head feathers were
collected by hand-picking method using soft brush and fine
forcep, while the bek of the bird was tied with squash tape
to prevent any damage. The lice were permanently
mounted in Canada balsam following the method of Palma
(1978) and Naz (2008). The male genitalia were dissected
out under stereo microscope using fine insect pins and
were mounted in Canada balsam with the same method
by Palma (1978). Drawings were made with Olympus
drawing tube attachment and photographs were taken
through Nikon microscopic digital camera (P7000).
Measurements were taken in millimeters (mm) by using
ocular micrometer (Table 1-2). The terminology used for
the chaetotaxy and identification of chewing lice species
was followed in Clay (1969) and Marshall (2003) for
amblyceran species and Clay (1951; 1975) and Smith
(2001). The holotype and paratypes were deposited in the
Museum Collection of APR Laboratory, Department of
Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro-Pakistan.
RESULTS
In the present study of chewing lice from mynas of
Pakistan, total 80 birds of common myna were examined
in which 65 birds were found infested with two new
species, Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. and Sturnidoecus
tristisae sp.n. however other specimens of genus Brueelia
and Menacanthus were also recovered (Table 3) ; all
examined birds were infested with 100% prevalence for
overall specimens of chewing lice.
Myrsidea ahmedalii species novum (Figure 1-2, 5-17;
Table 1)
Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae
Head:
Smoothly rounded anterior, broadly convex; preocular
notch well defined; antennal grooves moderately shallow
but completely hide the antennae; tentorial bridge
transverse; temples short and expanded, slightly quadrate
in shape; DHS (dorsal head seta) 8 much shorter than
DHS 9, DHS 10 slightly shorter than DHS 11, DHS 14 short
microseta, DHS 15 normal, fine longer than DHS 16;
occipital DHS 21 much longer than DHS 22, DHS 23
absent; temporal DHS 24, DHS 25 microsetae, DHS 26,
27 fine, normal fine setae, distant alveoli; DHS 28 short,
DHS 29 longer than DHS 30; maxillary palp short (Figure
5); gular plate (Figure 6) highly sclerotized, with medial
weak patches, very long macrosetae, along with 4 lateral
gular setae present; hypopharynx (Figure 7) very well
developed; antennae (Figure 8) very short, usually
invisible; ocular comb developed, flat; sub ocular setae
present.
Thorax:
Pronotal anterior seta present in female and absents in
male; lateral three stout thorn like setae present,
posterolateral to posterior marginal setae six in number,
seta 1 macroseta seta 2 short and spinous, seta 3 and 6
normal at posterior margin; prosternal plate (Figure 9) very
well developed, with evident anterior and lateral margins,
anterior setae present on the plate; posterior margin thick
sclerotized, blunt; mesonotum evident, fused with
mesopleurum, episternum and mesosternum to form a ring
around mesothorax (Figure 10); anterior mesonotal setae
present; metanotum not enlarged; posterior slightly
convex, bearing 10-12 lateroposterior spiniform marginal
setae; metasternal plate (Figure 11) well developed, large,
with 2 median and 4 lateral setae; femur III with very thin
and small brush of microsetae on its venter.
Male Abdomen:
Relatively narrow and oval, all tergites similar, undivided,
equal in length; tergite I bears 7 pairs of setae, tergite II: 9
pairs, tergite III: 10 pairs, tergite IV: 8 pairs, tergite V: 8
pairs, tergite VI: 5 pairs, VII: 5, tergite VIII: 5 pairs of setae;
post spiracle setae fine normal on tergite II-III, short on
tergite IV and V, long on tergite VI-VIII; sternite II large,
expanded, bearing 3+1 fine stout, thick, robust setae at
lateral corners (all male specimens with symmetrical
arrangement of lateral stout setae), with 12 alternatively
long and short fine intermediate to median posterior
marginal setae; sternite III-VI bearing thin setal brushes
(Figure 12).
Female Abdomen:
Wide and oblong (Figure 13), tergite depressed at median,
tergite I complete, tergite II-IV intermediate to median
deeply convex, tergites V-VIII similar, equal; tergite I-VIII
bear 11 pairs of setae, 12 pairs of setae; , 10 pairs of setae,
8 pairs of setae; 11 pairs of setae, 9 pairs of setae, 7 pairs
of setae and 4 pairs of setae respectively; XI- X fused;
post spiracle setae fine normal on tergite III-IV, short on
tergite V-VI, very long on tergite VII and VIII; sternite II:
large, expanded, bearing 4+1 stout, thick, robust setae at
lateral corners (one specimen showed asymmetrical
arrangement of 4+1, 1+3) (Figure 14a-b), with 12 long and
short, alternatively fine, intermediate to median posterior
marginal setae; sternite III-VI bearing thin setal brushes.
3. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 095
Male Terminalia:
Broadly convex; sub genital plate broad flat broadly
convex at posterior, bearing 17-18 normal median to
posterior and posterolateral setae (Figure 15a-b).
Female Terminalia:
Peculiar in chaetotaxy; sub genital plate with serrated
posterior margin, bearing 28 median to posterior and
posterolateral setae, scattered; vulva thick and broad
fringed with 12-14 oblique bunches of thin setae; dorsal
anal fringe bearing 12 fine setae (Figure 16a-b).
Male Genitalia:
Expanded upward to abdominal segment (Figure 17);
basal apodeme long, narrow, spatula like; parameres
short, tapering posteriorly and curved outward; endomeral
plate slightly convex; mesomeral sclerites developed;
genital sac weakly developed, genital sac sclerite
elongated, cylindrical, anteriorly broader with wavy margin,
rounded posteriorly with laterally arms hooks like and
posterior arm membranous.
Material Examined
Holotype 1♂, on Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus);
Paratypes: 2♂, 7♀, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Sindh
province, Pakistan; 20-vi-2016; leg. Bughio, S.; deposited
in Museum collection of APR Lab., Department of Zoology,
University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
Etymology
The epithet of the present species of the genus Myrsidea
has been given after first author’s father, Late Dr. Ahmed
Ali (1960—2016) in memorizing his thankless efforts and
support to the author to go through Pakistani chewing lice
and his encouragement.
Sturnidoecus tristisae species novum (Figure 3-4, 18-
24; Table 2)
Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae
Head:
Anteriorly narrow, projected, with thick hyaline margin,
anteriorly concave, gradually become wider at preantennal
region (Figure 18); premarginal carina moderately
sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate anteriorly deeply
concave, lateraly slightly convex (Figure 19); pulvinus
divided into two lateral lobes ventral carina erupted
medially; trabecula absent; conus equal to scape of
antennae, antennae monomorphic; typically, filiform
pedical and flagellomers narrow; gular plate deltoid
shaped (Figure 20), short, medially sclerotized; temples
broadly rounded, marginal temporal carina thin, forming
more or less evenly band on the temples; marginal
temporal two setae present.
Thorax:
Anterior setae absent; prothoracic leetro-posterior setae
one pair, arranging 1+1 normal; rhombic sclerite very
small, weekly sclerotized; posterior region smoothly
convex; pterothoax lateral margins highly divergent,
laterally extended corners; trichoid, thick, thorn like seta
present at lateral edges. posterior margin slightly convex;
bearing evenly arranged 22-24 long, fine marginal setae;
pteronotum undivided, proepimeron expanded, unfused,
mesofurcal pit absent; meso-metasternal plate present;
second sternal plate absent; ventral meso-metasternal
marginal setae present; prothoracic, mesothoracic and
metathoracic legs sterno-coxal in articulation.
Male Abdomen:
Laterly highly convex; six pairs of spiracles present; atria
of spiracles small; median to submedian setal row present
on tergite II; tergite II not deeply embedded within tergite
III; posterior marginal setae on tergite II:14,III-IV:15-16,
V:18, VII: 12, VIII: 6, XI: 9; 2 pair of letero-posterior
marginal setea on III-IX; sternites bearing one pair of
marginal setae; sub genital plate cone shape, without
setae (Figure 21).
Female Abdomen:
Broad at middle narrow at anterior and posteriorly oval; six
pairs of spiracles present with small atria; median to
submedian setal row present on tergite II; Tergite II not
deeply embedded within tergite III; posterior marginal
setae on tergite II: 17, III:16,IV-VI:20, VII: 17, VIII: 16, XI: 9
and 2 pair of letero-posterior marginal setea on III-IX;
sternites bearing one pair of marginal setae (Figure 22).
Female Terminalia:
Posterior margin slightly concave; bearing 2 pair of very
short microsetae; tergite IX and X completely fused broad
bearing 7 pair of latero-posterior long setae; sub genital
plate (Figure 23) roughly triangular; laterally five thorn like
seta present; vulva bears 18 marginal to sub marginal
short thorn like setae.
Male Genitalia:
Basal apodeme anteriorly broad and wide, posteriorly
slightly narrow, having thick struts; endomeral plate wide,
expanded laterally, covering half length of mesosomal
plate; mesosomal plate relatively elongated as compared
to the other species of the pastoris-group, narrow medially
and widened anteriorly with slightly depressed anterior
margin and gradually narrow towards posterior, 2 pairs of
small spinous stout setae at lateral margins of mesosome
present and 3 pairs of peg like microsetae present on
median mesomeral complex in oblique lines; parameres
elongated, curved invardly, smoothly tapered posteriorly in
to pointed ends furnihed with a micropit and a microsetae
at subterminal position (Figure 24).
4. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 096
Material Examined
Holotype 1♂, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Paratypes 5♂,
7♀, on Acridotheres tristis (L.); Sindh Province, Pakistan;
14-iii-2017; leg. Bughio, S.; deposited in Museum
collection of APR Lab., Department of Zoology, University
of Sindh, Jamshoro.
Etymology
The epithet name of present new species of genus
Sturnidoecus is given on its type host species Acridotheres
tristis from which it was recovered during present study.
DISCUSSION
The species Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n.is closely related to
M. invadens (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902) and M. chilchil
Ansari, 1951 in having general body features, but it is
different from the same species in having gular plate highly
sclerotized with medially week patches; abdominal sternite
II consist of thick, stout, lateral spines in 3+1 and 4+1
arrangement at lateral corner of abdominal sternite II in
male; pronotum bears three stout thorn like lateral setae,
posteriorly 3, 6 normal setae; metanotum bears 10-12
lateroposterior marginal setae; post spiracle setae in
female fine normal on tergite III-IV, short on tergite V-VI,
very long on tergite VII and VIII; in male post spiracle setae
fine normal on tergite II-III, short on tergite IV and V, long
on tergite VI-VIII; basal apodeme long, narrow, spatula
like; slightly convex; genital sac weakly developed; genital
sac sclerite developed; elongated, cylindrical; anteriorly
broader wavy margin; rounded posteriorly with laterally
hooks like projections in M. ahmedalii sp.n; whereas in M.
invadens gular plate medially sclerotized; margin of
pronotum with one short two long setae on each side;
metanotum with 4 marginal setae, 3 short and one very
long; all abdominal tergites of both male and female equal
and undivided, without anterior setae; post spiracle setae
in both male and female extremely long on tergites II,IV
and VIII, very long on tergite I and VII, long on III ,V and
VI; abdominal sternite II with thorn like setae in 2+1, 1+2
arrangement in both male and female individuals of M.
invadens.
The present species is also clearly dissimilar with M.
chilchil in general body shape and chaetotaxy which is
thicker in later species than the present new species
(Ansari, 1951). In M. chilchil Ansari, 1951 the differences
are found in hypopharynx slightly reduced, but in M.
ahmedalii it is very well developed; in the male genitalia
the ventral arm with pointed apex in M. chilchil whereas
the ventral arm with rounded apex in M. ahmedalii; in M.
chilchil metanotum enlarged with 5-6 leteroposterior
marginal setae while in M. ahmedalii metanotum is not
enlarged, however containing 10-12 lateroposterior
marginal setae. All abdominal tergites are equal in both
male female; post spiracle setae short and long alternate
on tergite II-VI and long on tergite VII and VIII in both
genders. The differences in morphometery are given in
Table 1.
The species Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. fall in the S.
pastoris-complex group (Gustafsson and Bush, 2017) and
was closely related to S. borobodur (Mey, 1989), S.
peguensis (Mey, 1989), S. bannoo Ansari, 1955 and S.
capensis (Giebel, 1874) in having general body features,
but it is evidently different from these species in having
preantennal region anteriorly narrow, projected, with thick
hyaline margin, anteriorly concave, gradually become
wider at preantennal region, premarginal carina
moderately sclerotized, dorsal anterior plate anteriorly
deeply concave, laterally slightly convex; gular plate short
and cordate shaped; female subgenital plate roughly
triangular with 5 microsetae on lateral margins, vulva
bearing 18 marginal to submarginal very short microsetae;
male abdomen highly convex, posterior marginal setae on
tergite also variable in number and attachment; endomeral
plate elongated along the half length of parameres;
morphometery is compared in Table 2.
In S. bannoo the differences with the present species
appeared in preantennal region broad, hyaline margin
thick and flat, gular plate tomb shape, abdomen generally
oval to oblong in shape; female terminalia slightly convex
laterally, bearing 3 pairs of setae, sub genital plate funnel
shaped laterally with one pair of short setae, vulva bears
5 pairs of marginal setae; endomeral plate elongated
along with equal length of parameres.
S. borobodur differentiates with the present species in
anteriorly more narrow, projected with thick hyaline
margin, anteriorly slightly concave; premarginal carina
highly sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate concave, latterly
rectangular in shape; gular plate short, tomb shaped;
abdomen slightly convex; female terminalia with posterior
margin highly convex, bearing one pair of fine setae and
one pair of microsetae, vulva bearing 23 marginal to
submarginal short microsetae; sub genital plate anteriorly
broad posteriorly pointed, bearing 6 microsetae on lateral
margins; male subgenital plate pear shaped; basal
apodeme broader anteriorly and narrower posteriorly;
endomeral plate elongated approximately equal length of
parameres.
The present species of genus Sturnidoecus differs with S.
peguensis in anterior margin of head narrow, projected
with thick hyaline margin, anteriorly slightly concave;
premarginal carina highly sclerotized; dorsal anterior plate
deeply concave laterally and rectangular in shape; gular
plate short, irregularly cordate shaped; male subgenital
plate half tooth-shaped; female terminalia bears two pairs
of very short microsetae at posterior margin and 7 pairs of
long setae at lateroposterior margins; subgenital plate
roughly triangular, laterally bearing 5 microsetae; vulva
5. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 097
bearing 21 marginal to submarginal short microsetae;
basal apodeme broad; endomeral plate elongated, in
equal length of parameres. Mynas are most frequent
resident birds in Sindh, Pakistan; its population is wide
spread over hilly areas to plans of Indus (Mahabal, 1991;
Choudhry, 1998). Presently it is first study of chewing lice
on Myna in Sindh region. During present investigation 80
birds Acridotheres tristis were examined from Hyderabad
Sindh. In the present work Mynah birds have been
observed to be infested by four genera of two families:
Menoponidae (Suborder: Amblycera) and Philopteridae
(Suborder: Ischnocera). These genera include Brueelia
Kѐler, 1936, Menacanthus Neumann, 1912, Myrsidea
Waterston, 1915 and Sturnidoecus Eichler, 1944.
Menacanthus is represented by only one species, i.e. M.
eurysternus (Burmeister, 1938), Myrsidea is reported by
only one species i.e., M. invadens and genus Sturnidoecus
is reported previously by two species including S. bannoo
Ansari, 1951 and S. capensis (Giebel, 1874), however it
has been observed that the, chewing lice of this bird have
not been studied so far, except that Aslam et. al. (2015)
have reported a Myrsidea species which they misidentified
as M. invadens but it is not evident in their work and the
microphotograph is also not describing the same species
evidently. The clear identifying character in M. invadens is
having dark lateral bands in abdomen in both genders as
seen in Kellogg and Chapman (1902) and Eduardo and
Villa (2011).
CONCLUSION
This is the first study of taxonomy of chewing lice from
mynas in Sindh region; there is no significant work has
been done from any of bird species of Family Sturnidae,
except that Ansari (1968) has reported from Pakistan but
only from Punjab province (Lyallpur, now known as
Faisalabad). He published data on the genus Sturnidoecus
but only one species of Myrsidea from common myna,
which he named as M. lyallpurensis, that species was later
synonymized with M. chilchil by Price et al. (2003). In the
present both new species were compared with their closed
allies on the basis of important morphological characters
mainly including chaetotaxy, male and female terminalia,
male genitalia and morphometery, which evidently
separate the two species from previously known species
of Myrsidea and Sturnidoecus found on mynas, hence
described as M. ahmedalii sp.n. and S. tristisae sp.n. It is
the first record of myna chewing lice from this region and
making new locality records for both species of chewing
lice on common mynas, A. tristis from Sindh province,
Pakistan.
REFERENCES
Ansari MAR (1947). Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting
birds in the Panjab (India). Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India.
13: 253-303.
Ansari MAR (1951). Mallophaga (Amblycera) infesting
birds in the Panjab (India). Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India.
17: 127-203.
Ansari MAR (1955a). Studies on the Ischnoceran
Mallophaga infesting birds in Pakistan. Sci. Conf. Biol.
Bahawalpur. 42-62.
Ansari MAR (1955b). Studies on the amblyceran
Mallophaga infesting birds in Pakistan. Proc. 7th
Pakistan Sci. Conf. Agric. Bahawalpur. 51-59.
Ansari MAR (1956a). Some new ischnoceran Mallophaga
in the Zoo. Surv. Dept. Karachi. Pak. J. Sci. Res. 8: 10-
22.
Ansari MAR (1956b). Studies on phthirapteran parasites
(Mallophaga) infesting birds in the Panjab. Indian J.
Entomol. 17: 394-400.
Ansari MAR (1957). Studies on the amblyceran
mallophaga infesting birds in the Panjab. Indian J.
Entomol. 18(1956): 427 439.
Ansari MAR (1968). Review of the biting lice of the genus
Sturnidoecus Eichler [sic] 1944 (Philopteridea:
Mallophaga) found on the bird family Sturnidae
(Passeriformes). Pak. J. Health. 17: 1- 40.
Aslam QM, Sabir MM, Hassan and Hassan M (2015).
Competition in terms of habitat preference between the
two ecto-parasitic members of order Phthiraptera.
World J. Zool. 10: 01-04.
Choudhry A (1998). Common Myna feeding a fledgling
koel. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 95(1): 115.
Clay T (1951). An introduction to a classification of
theavian ischnocera (Mallophaga) Part-I. Trans. Royal
Ent. Soc. Lond. 102: 171-195.
Clay T (1969). A key to genera of Menoponidae
(Amblycera: Mallophaga: Insecta). Bul. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Entomol. 24: 3-26.
Clay T (1975). A key to the genera and generic groups of
the Ischnocera (Mallophaga). Unpublished article.
Downloaded from
www.phthiraptera.info/publications/4713.
Clayton DH, Drown DM (2001). Critical evaluation of five
methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta:
Phthiraptera). J. Parasitol. 87: 1291–1300.
Eudardo SL, Villa SFD (2011). A new species of Procyrnea
Chabaud, 1975 (Nematoda: Habronematide) and
Redescription of two chewing lice (Mallophaga) from
the Palawan Hill Myna, Gracula religiosa palawanensis
(Passeriformes: Sturnidae), Philippines. Philip. J. Vet.
Med. 48(2): 77-85.
Gustafsson DR, Bush SE (2017). Morphological revision
of the hyperdiversed Brueelia-complex (Insecta:
Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new
taxa, checklists and generic key. Zootaxa. 4313(1):
001-443.
Kellogg VL, Chapman BL (1902). Mallophaga from birds of
the Hawaiian Islands. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 10:
155–169.
Lakshminarayana KV (1979). A synoptic list of Mallophaga
sens. lat. (Phthiraptera: Insecta) from India and
adjacent countries together with host and regional
indices. Rec. Zool. Surv. India. 75: 39-201.
7. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 099
APPENDIX
Table 1. Comparative morphometery of Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. with closely related species found on common myna.
All measurements are in millimeters (mm).
Body Parts
Myrsidea ahmedalii
sp.n.
Myrsidea invadens (Kellogg &
Chapman, 1902)
Myrsidea chilchil
Ansari, 1947
♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀
Total length 1.55 1.97 1.195 1.753 1.404 1.73
Head length 0.31 0.36 0.301 0.32 0.298 0.346
Preocular width 0.16 0.175 - - - -
Temporal width 0.25 0.255 0.430 0.57 0.461 0.5
Prothorax length 0.16 0.21 - - 0.192 0.192
Prothorax width 0.31 0.35 0.234 0.301 0.317 0.346
Metathorax length 0.2 0.25 - - 0.241 0.288
Metathorax width 0.405 0.525 0.293 0.436 0.481 0.558
Abdominal length 0.9 1.15 - - 0.673 0.904
Genitalia length 0.512 - 0.330 - - -
Genitalia width 0.02 - - - - -
Head Index 0.806 0.708 1.428 1.78 1.546 1.44
Table 2. Comparative morphometery of Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. with closely related species found on other species
of myna. All measurements are in millimeters (mm).
Body Parts
Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n.
Sturnidoecus
borobodur (Mey,
1989)
Sturnidoecus
peguensis (Mey,
1989)
Sturnidoecus
bannoo Ansari,
1955
Sturnidoecus
capensis
(Giebel, 1778)
♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀
Total length
1.66
(1.61-1.69)
3.777
(2.22-5.33)
1.56 1.86-1.93 1.42-1.47 1.84 1.663 2.162
1.525-
1.625
1.96-
2.017
Head length
0.555
(0.556-0.565)
0.602
(0.582-0.622)
0.56 0.59-0.61 0.53-0.54 0.56 0.508 0.571
0.473-
0.497
0.519-
0.571
Preantennal
width
0.315
(0.30-0.33)
0.362
0.333-0.391)
- - - - - - - -
Temporal
width
0.555
(0.5-0.56)
0.56
(0.52-0.6)
0.52 0.57-0.58 0.51-0.52 0.56 0.513 0.553
0.487-
0.523
0.546-
0.57
Prothorax
length
0.1315
(0.13-0.133)
0.153
(0.13-0.177)
- - - - 0.144 0.144
0.153-
0.156
0.144-
0.164
Prothorax
width
0.315
(0.30-0.33)
0.323
(0.313-0.333)
0.33 0.33-0.35 0.29-0.30 0.34 0.292 0.318
0.262-
0.318
0.311-
0.399
Pterothorax
length
0.16
(0.15-0.17)
0.211
(0.2-0.222)
- - - - 0.144 0.20
0.158-
0.169
0.169-
0.189
Pterothorax
width
0.31
(0.25-0.43)
0.538
(0.521-0.555)
0.49 0.51-0.52 0.44-0.47 0.51 0.457 0.497
0.416-
0.477
0.503-
0.543
Abdominal
length
0.86
(0.84-0.88)
1.214
(1.146-1.288)
- - - - 0.872 1.251
0.743-
0.811
1.113-
1.123
Genitalia
length
0.41
(0.4-0.42)
- - - - - - - - -
Head Index 1.005 0.935 1.08 1.02 1.04 1.0 1.00 0.968
1.03-
1.05
0.99-
1.05
Table 3. Over-all abundance of chewing lice species collected from common myna A. tristis, during the present work
Chewing lice species Abundance of chewing lice Number of birds infested with each species
Brueelia sp. 1 146 40
Brueelia sp. 2 263 65
Brueelia chayanh 193 76
Menacanthus eurysternus 210 80
Myrsidea ahmedalii 44 35
Sturnidoecus tristisae 56 30
Sturnidoecus species 14 08
8. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 100
FIGURES
Legends of the Illustrations:
Figure 1. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Male at 10×10.
Figure 2. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Female at 10×10.
Figure 3. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. Male at 10×10.
Figure 4. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. Female at 10×10.
Figure 5-11. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 5. Maxillary palp; 6. Gular plate; 7. Hypopharynx; 8. Antenna; 9. Prosternal plate;
10. Mesosternal plate; 11. Metasternal plate.
Figure 12-14. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 12. Male abdomen dorsum; 13. Female abdomen dorsum showing shape and
arrangement of tergites and their setae; 14. Sternite II with lateral thorn like setae in male abdomen, a. left, b. right
showing asymmetry in their number and position.
Figure 15-16. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. 15. Male terminalia a. dorsum, b. ventrum; 16. Female terminalia a. dorsum, b.
ventrum.
Figure 17. Myrsidea ahmedalii sp.n. Male genitalia complete armature.
Figure 18-22. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. 18. Preantennal region of head; 19. Head dorsal plate; 20. Gular plate; 21.
Male abdomen ventrum; 22. Female abdomen ventrum.
Figure 23-24. Sturnidoecus tristisae sp.n. 23. Female terminalia ventrum; 24. Male genitalia a. complete armature, b.
mesomere enlarged. c. paramere.
9. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 101
10. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 102
11. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 103
12. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 104
13. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 105
14. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Bughio et al. 106
15. New Species of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) of Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) from Pakistan
Int. J. Entomol. Nematol. 107